Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 44 of 44 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2604.11225.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2604.11225 v1

Coverage vector

measured 44 of 44 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-10T15:35:16.922337Z

measured 44 of 44 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

44 of 44 outbound references displayed

verified exact6
verified fuzzy34
unresolved3
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation ace05044-1789-412a-bef8-fabaf599fa8b · outbound

This paper cites Flamingo: a visual language model for few- shot learning.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Flamingo: a visual language model for few- shot learning

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.304798Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 78492c1e-7992-42aa-a891-3823733abee8 · outbound

This paper cites Pyav: Pythonic bindings for ffm- peg.https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Pyav: Pythonic bindings for ffm- peg.https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.296355Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation c5979d60-a54c-4697-b47b-952cde450a48 · outbound

This paper cites Language models are few-shot learn- ers.Advances in neural information processing sys- tems, 33:1877–1901.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Language models are few-shot learn- ers.Advances in neural information processing sys- tems, 33:1877–1901

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.293729Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 537bf69c-c12b-452d-86cf-370bd873d865 · outbound

This paper cites Pillow (pil fork) documentation.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Pillow (pil fork) documentation

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.299242Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 479cf4a7-3c51-4a41-b678-a791cc3d3e8c · outbound

This paper cites Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretraining.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretraining

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-11T10:11:14.877110Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 74212378-e41b-4332-9c85-69977657540a · outbound

This paper cites Geo-sign: Hy- perbolic contrastive regularisation for geometrically aware sign language translation.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Geo-sign: Hy- perbolic contrastive regularisation for geometrically aware sign language translation

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.301932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation f09f2a73-a3dc-4231-ab7f-fdb47ab04c1b · outbound

This paper cites Gemini 2.5: Pushing the frontier with ad- vanced reasoning, multimodality, long context, and next generation agentic capabilities.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Gemini 2.5: Pushing the frontier with ad- vanced reasoning, multimodality, long context, and next generation agentic capabilities

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.307590Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation e767f292-d04d-4c3c-8430-01aad09e4f86 · outbound

This paper cites Handspeak: A sign language dictio- nary online.Reference Reviews, 16(3):21–21.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Handspeak: A sign language dictio- nary online.Reference Reviews, 16(3):21–21

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.290430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation c4ee7ccb-52b7-42a0-8662-049c210d70de · outbound

This paper cites SignMusketeers: An efficient multi-stream approach for sign language translation at scale.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs SignMusketeers: An efficient multi-stream approach for sign language translation at scale

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.282345Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 62fbf51b-c125-4869-b0c9-1a04a2daea68 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.278551Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation b92e09ab-b44a-4d7f-a48a-64031b9dd9b2 · outbound

This paper cites Acceler- ate: Training and inference at scale made simple, ef- ficient and adaptable.https://github.com/ huggingface/accelerate.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Acceler- ate: Training and inference at scale made simple, ef- ficient and adaptable.https://github.com/ huggingface/accelerate

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.284878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation a71ea2af-f3cb-4ef8-b81f-45413555296d · outbound

This paper cites Signbert: Pre-training of hand-model-aware representation for sign language recognition.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Signbert: Pre-training of hand-model-aware representation for sign language recognition

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.287641Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation b0f7ce79-b436-45fb-bdc7-60a27de66bf9 · outbound

This paper cites Global-local enhancement network for nmf-aware sign language recognition.ACM Trans.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Global-local enhancement network for nmf-aware sign language recognition.ACM Trans

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.274027Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 2baca881-21f9-44c0-9267-281997b7b497 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.240325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 1ce8f420-5c0c-4bcf-8468-db24ce592f32 · outbound

This paper cites Attention-based 3d-cnns for large-vocabulary sign language recognition.IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 29(9):2822–2832.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Attention-based 3d-cnns for large-vocabulary sign language recognition.IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 29(9):2822–2832

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.237624Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 20eab1e8-684c-45e9-a3c5-def0466315ce · outbound

This paper cites Internvl3.5: Advancing open-source multimodal models in versa- tility, reasoning, and efficiency.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Internvl3.5: Advancing open-source multimodal models in versa- tility, reasoning, and efficiency

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.213058Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 7b4c759e-5094-4b8a-8ed7-f689c1aaca85 · outbound

This paper cites Lost in Translation, Found in Embeddings: Sign Lan- guage Translation and Alignment.arXiv e-prints, art.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Lost in Translation, Found in Embeddings: Sign Lan- guage Translation and Alignment.arXiv e-prints, art

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T10:11:14.844339Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 90f28009-caf2-4d5c-8716-0d7d25f05570 · outbound

This paper cites Visual alignment pre-training for sign language translation.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Visual alignment pre-training for sign language translation

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.220816Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 7779a71b-f1fc-4ed9-aa01-e9c8df851f25 · outbound

This paper cites MS-ASL: A Large-Scale Data Set and Benchmark for Understanding American Sign Language.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs MS-ASL: A Large-Scale Data Set and Benchmark for Understanding American Sign Language

Reference 19

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T10:11:14.857010Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 8eb3106a-2b83-4506-b707-395deaace1e1 · outbound

This paper cites The power of scale for parameter-efficient prompt tuning.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs The power of scale for parameter-efficient prompt tuning

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.257437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation b5ed7aaa-0974-4458-aaac-eea0373df8e6 · outbound

This paper cites Word-level deep sign language recognition from video: A new large-scale dataset and methods comparison.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Word-level deep sign language recognition from video: A new large-scale dataset and methods comparison

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.207297Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation a234b604-d1a9-4f47-9173-865433293673 · outbound

This paper cites BLIP-2: Bootstrapping language-image pre- training with frozen image encoders and large lan- guage models.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs BLIP-2: Bootstrapping language-image pre- training with frozen image encoders and large lan- guage models

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.268446Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation d5adf348-ab97-43e9-815e-32c5acae142c · outbound

This paper cites Prefix-tuning: Op- timizing continuous prompts for generation.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Prefix-tuning: Op- timizing continuous prompts for generation

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.223507Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation c09ca69f-e0ed-42fc-bda7-e39db95ffc9e · outbound

This paper cites Uni-sign: Toward unified sign language understanding at scale.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Uni-sign: Toward unified sign language understanding at scale

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.204437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 5c7b8cbb-e81a-46f6-ac99-96ed0ae3225e · outbound

This paper cites LLaVA-SLT: Visual Language Tuning for Sign Language Translation.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs LLaVA-SLT: Visual Language Tuning for Sign Language Translation

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T10:11:14.861156Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 620dc545-566c-4581-a83e-9994bdd69352 · outbound

This paper cites Visual instruction tuning.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Visual instruction tuning

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.227131Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 3fcc9bee-1044-4a0d-a0f9-ea5625a3c5b5 · outbound

This paper cites Skeleton-based sign language 8 recognition using a dual-stream spatio-temporal dy- namic graph convolutional network.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Skeleton-based sign language 8 recognition using a dual-stream spatio-temporal dy- namic graph convolutional network

Reference 27

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T10:11:14.871746Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation bbd57b18-9a4f-482a-ab0e-ac682a7ae054 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.215619Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 5a8e41a0-571c-4783-a49d-d7c6d458ffc4 · outbound

This paper cites Nvidia nemotron nano v2 vl.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Nvidia nemotron nano v2 vl

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.209981Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 17f6c4fa-49aa-4d55-9934-7568f86f6a3f · outbound

This paper cites Openai gpt-5 system card.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Openai gpt-5 system card

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.217951Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 75abddb2-2bb3-4a14-9f2a-eb389c9277b2 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 technical report.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Qwen2.5 technical report

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.201513Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 8c1b9453-0d28-4a7a-bbbd-94110468c481 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen3-vl technical report.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Qwen3-vl technical report

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.265676Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation b1dfcc65-2b65-459a-b41b-fe9a8a23efae · outbound

This paper cites Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.229928Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation e685591e-a572-49ca-9d25-abb3102f00d8 · outbound

This paper cites Towards privacy-aware sign language translation at scale.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Towards privacy-aware sign language translation at scale

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.234552Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 91612855-aee2-4ba6-9246-5fa25ff68749 · outbound

This paper cites Autsl: A large scale multi-modal turkish sign lan- guage dataset and baseline methods.IEEE Access, 8: 181340–181355.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Autsl: A large scale multi-modal turkish sign lan- guage dataset and baseline methods.IEEE Access, 8: 181340–181355

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.271178Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 3ecd51e8-c1c7-4a7a-b259-6a1707bc00bd · outbound

This paper cites Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models

Reference 36

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-11T10:11:14.820345Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 2782bd15-8af2-4bce-bcc6-5dc3f1a87269 · outbound

This paper cites Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models.Advances in neural informa- tion processing systems, 35:24824–24837.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models.Advances in neural informa- tion processing systems, 35:24824–24837

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.254445Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation df2f02c7-fd5e-4263-9531-48576b665488 · outbound

This paper cites Transformers: State-of- the-art natural language processing.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Transformers: State-of- the-art natural language processing

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.242882Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation d8b6077e-2ed3-4a91-af10-5deb4091c6c3 · outbound

This paper cites Sign2GPT: Leveraging large language models for gloss-free sign language translation.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Sign2GPT: Leveraging large language models for gloss-free sign language translation

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.263098Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 5cff03da-5eb7-4a42-a28e-51c1e9be5508 · outbound

This paper cites Spatial temporal graph convolutional networks for skeleton- based action recognition.Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 32(1).

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Spatial temporal graph convolutional networks for skeleton- based action recognition.Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 32(1)

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.245794Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation bbf89844-cfd4-4dbe-9c2c-f64310271011 · outbound

This paper cites Scal- ing sign language translation.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Scal- ing sign language translation

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.260047Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation c3394903-75e1-4d48-91ba-f6cdf726a87f · outbound

This paper cites Llava-next: A strong zero-shot video under- standing model.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Llava-next: A strong zero-shot video under- standing model

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.248642Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 04d2d070-792a-4dd2-8ba3-895927f72f27 · outbound

This paper cites Conditional prompt learning for vision- language models.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Conditional prompt learning for vision- language models

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T19:50:11.251467Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 3089fd6f-5fd4-44f0-8fad-f2e4001896e2 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling up Multimodal Pre-training for Sign Language Understanding.

Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs Scaling up Multimodal Pre-training for Sign Language Understanding

Reference 44

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T10:11:14.810339Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.