Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race

As of 5 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 20 of 20 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2604.16227.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2604.16227 v1

Coverage vector

measured 20 of 20 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-10T07:06:16.557082Z

measured 21 of 21 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-01T04:04:57.996808Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

20 of 20 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy8
unresolved7
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch3

External citation measurements

0
pith, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

Observation a5d37439-8564-4e59-a11d-83749a55eedb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.664389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 9dfb055d-1b09-417f-845c-a4ab72b6624a · outbound

This paper cites AI & Society31, 201–206 (2016).

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race AI & Society31, 201–206 (2016)

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.662487Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 83886c28-d152-4aca-a78c-006b6fdda1d2 · outbound

This paper cites The Role of Cooperation in Responsible AI Development.

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race The Role of Cooperation in Responsible AI Development

Reference 3

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T07:06:52.652093Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation c27d2504-5cb9-4c8e-9be6-3525c7761505 · outbound

This paper cites Quarterly Journal of Economics52(2), 310–334 (1938).

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Quarterly Journal of Economics52(2), 310–334 (1938)

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.658707Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 6a5b0ba2-13a0-432c-bcd2-023e0d29495e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.642004Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 97901711-18ef-4c2f-80e7-21a89e153317 · outbound

This paper cites Eco- nomic Theory44(3), 445–467 (2010).

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Eco- nomic Theory44(3), 445–467 (2010)

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.652509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 58b00cb9-afc0-4e5a-be55-403af721a8d9 · outbound

This paper cites Scientific Reports 12(1), 1723 (2022).

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Scientific Reports 12(1), 1723 (2022)

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.656748Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 19071225-d6da-46ff-8816-fe377eb8ddaa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.654410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 66961c7f-5b2f-45a9-a3d8-2de54e569dd4 · outbound

This paper cites Near to Mid-term Risks and Opportunities of Open-Source Generative AI.

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Near to Mid-term Risks and Opportunities of Open-Source Generative AI

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T07:06:52.647598Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 7c0e6c6a-52df-4de7-8148-968d2d9e8117 · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the American Mathemat- ical Society3(1), 170–174 (1952).

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Proceedings of the American Mathemat- ical Society3(1), 170–174 (1952)

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.644441Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 4e6f741b-d017-43dd-926e-889d61e56c2e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.648757Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation b543b130-3e30-4226-8a94-c99185cd03bc · outbound

This paper cites Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research69, 881–921 (2020) 18 Mladenovic et al.

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research69, 881–921 (2020) 18 Mladenovic et al

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.646609Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation d249fe9b-9aa1-4815-9bf0-c4f0d12d973f · outbound

This paper cites Movie Gen: A Cast of Media Foundation Models.

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Movie Gen: A Cast of Media Foundation Models

Reference 13

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T14:16:26.778393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation f7376306-edbf-442f-b2bb-8c09bf98696b · outbound

This paper cites Journal of Economic Theory 25(1), 21–41 (1981).

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Journal of Economic Theory 25(1), 21–41 (1981)

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.636170Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 6dad5076-8c88-457e-9592-3503bd4fb84f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.650570Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 77cf9f79-ba80-4782-a2bd-adb4a4f2118c · outbound

This paper cites Open-Sourcing Highly Capable Foundation Models: An evaluation of risks, benefits, and alternative methods for pursuing open-source objectives.

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Open-Sourcing Highly Capable Foundation Models: An evaluation of risks, benefits, and alternative methods for pursuing open-source objectives

Reference 16

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T07:06:52.657464Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 2e5ef94c-2664-4221-bdd8-7553a8705e66 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.660703Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 6d3c6560-da2b-452c-9a8e-8f65a83f22cc · outbound

This paper cites TechRadar (2025), URLhttps://www.techradar.com/ai-platforms-ass istants/claude/claude-just-beat-gpt-5-gemini-and-grok-in-real-w orld-job-tasks-according-to-openais-own-study.

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race TechRadar (2025), URLhttps://www.techradar.com/ai-platforms-ass istants/claude/claude-just-beat-gpt-5-gemini-and-grok-in-real-w orld-job-tasks-according-to-openais-own-study

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.640215Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 86a15569-e7e5-4c0e-afd4-dec4d3771b63 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T14:34:13.638069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation ca634e4f-e6f0-4acc-9693-dd0aba9fefc5 · outbound

This paper cites Who’s Driving? Game Theoretic Path Risk of AGI De- velopment, January 2025.

Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race Who’s Driving? Game Theoretic Path Risk of AGI De- velopment, January 2025

Reference 20

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T07:06:52.649856Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 5f1b1c12-7868-471a-a319-7f3ed0726cef · inbound

Who Does Withholding Delay? A Game-Theoretic Model of Open-Weight AI Release Under Asymmetric Proliferation cites this paper.

Who Does Withholding Delay? A Game-Theoretic Model of Open-Weight AI Release Under Asymmetric Proliferation Why Open Source? A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the AI Race

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-01T04:08:37.252552Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.