Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-11T11:50:26.030339Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information
As of 4 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 25 of 25 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2604.16472.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-08T22:26:44.052574Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-07-08T22:35:40.629741Z
Reference resolution
25 of 25 outbound references displayed
- verified exact1
- verified fuzzy8
- unresolved13
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier1
- metadata mismatch2
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 481d432a-f1f5-436e-b11e-c0840c61f41f · outbound
This paper cites Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities
Reference 1
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-10T17:15:38.292899Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation df95acb9-d121-4b5b-992b-7ccfcc780465 · outbound
This paper cites Michael Ostrovsky and Michael Schwarz.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Michael Ostrovsky and Michael Schwarz
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-05-10T17:15:38.288050Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation a436c4b9-8a7c-4c81-a263-dc04caf43749 · outbound
This paper cites Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms
Reference 3
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-10T17:15:38.297737Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation b8e9ab62-7084-4b48-99ae-eb1812c36d5b · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Unresolved cited work
Reference 4
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.793780Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation de3a3875-c0d4-46e1-b78e-096a7a5597a3 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Unresolved cited work
Reference 5
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.774362Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 3d309c68-eb60-4c36-9618-69da9b476997 · outbound
This paper cites Seller proposed$1,500.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Seller proposed$1,500
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.807114Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation ceb8e71b-319e-4ba3-8d63-85d1cc71a957 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.800504Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 97343721-7773-4ce2-a5e1-e8eb558b84a0 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Unresolved cited work
Reference 8
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.777775Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 230517d5-905c-46af-a25f-79ebb04a15ed · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.826035Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation ad5560f6-aaee-434c-bd1c-009f2f88861d · outbound
This paper cites Used Laptop.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Used Laptop
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.821094Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 887f003f-8122-4217-a5d9-2e3c71c5d192 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Unresolved cited work
Reference 11
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.812998Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation aef17907-97cc-4fca-acd5-b405ce1d1195 · outbound
This paper cites <think>...</think> reasoning blocks are removed from input prompts (but retained in target completions), as described in Section 5.2.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information <think>...</think> reasoning blocks are removed from input prompts (but retained in target completions), as described in Section 5.2
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.790613Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation ec7784c1-8146-4daf-a559-9f5f9ea30b83 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Unresolved cited work
Reference 13
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.797330Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 496bfef6-277a-4faf-83da-918bdb812482 · outbound
This paper cites Loss is computed only on output tokens.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Loss is computed only on output tokens
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.831540Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 3f085265-3219-46ab-b6ca-37829563f29a · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Unresolved cited work
Reference 15
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.816244Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 544d2c88-ceb6-4383-a470-cf79fc008e46 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.844558Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 882d557b-5a7f-4f11-88d1-6ce99c20c6c5 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.838308Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 8a6bb694-712d-4773-88e1-597fadd32bca · outbound
This paper cites The choice of the PAD token is critical.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information The choice of the PAD token is critical
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.784083Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 77a25903-a810-432e-9c4e-e7788a5ce8af · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.780802Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation abda04b4-b29f-4f05-aed2-ff89db971d00 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Unresolved cited work
Reference 20
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.810132Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 2b9759f4-0fc3-4199-91ea-8e9ebf25063c · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Unresolved cited work
Reference 21
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.787205Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation dbb1932c-d891-4941-bd15-09a04c0cb21a · outbound
This paper cites B.6 Training Dynamics The training process naturally progresses through three phases.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information B.6 Training Dynamics The training process naturally progresses through three phases
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.835093Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 8a0d8cec-19fe-46ed-91f3-8ee8b640e76d · outbound
This paper cites Rewards are dominated by Rparsing and Rexecution (Equation (8) and Table 8), as successful negotiations are rare.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information Rewards are dominated by Rparsing and Rexecution (Equation (8) and Table 8), as successful negotiations are rare
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.841645Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 8572feaf-31e6-4d2f-bf17-c0546872081e · outbound
This paper cites IR violation rates drop from >30% to<5%.
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information IR violation rates drop from >30% to<5%
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.847825Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 081fbdf5-3533-4093-b5fc-3d1a0e7fef95 · outbound
This paper cites C Frontier Benchmark: Supplementary Results This appendix provides supplementary figures and tables for the frontier model benchmark (Section 4).
Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information C Frontier Benchmark: Supplementary Results This appendix provides supplementary figures and tables for the frontier model benchmark (Section 4)
Reference 25
- Resolution
- malformed identifier
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T11:24:31.804084Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Pith citing papers
Observation c9c655eb-e70d-4207-aa5f-b8d5655ab5dc · inbound
Strategic Bargaining in Multi-Buyer Markets: Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards for LLM Negotiations cites this paper.
Strategic Bargaining in Multi-Buyer Markets: Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards for LLM Negotiations Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information
Reference 53
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-08T22:35:40.631208Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.