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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 15 of 15 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2604.22870.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2604.22870 v1

Coverage vector

measured 15 of 15 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z

measured 15 of 15 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

15 of 15 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy9
  • unresolved5
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 9182ea3a-750f-4aed-92c1-11a42eb31fab · outbound

This paper cites Preservation Theorems for Unravelling-Invariant Classes: A Uniform Approach for Modal Logics and Graph Neural Networks.

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout Preservation Theorems for Unravelling-Invariant Classes: A Uniform Approach for Modal Logics and Graph Neural Networks

Reference 1

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T22:39:14.494187Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:faf2d9aa20024af2173747e48f8a65e0dba30371e1e40e92f2fec72128a9782c

Observation 065e1a1b-c348-447a-a129-22b1c2d7a783 · outbound

This paper cites u(k) 1 ∈V 1 withk≤c there is some distinctu (1) 2.

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout u(k) 1 ∈V 1 withk≤c there is some distinctu (1) 2

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T14:25:43.399759Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:52f45a73ebabeb17cc97c11d76772143d75d2a329f80181395a9912e5b47eb86

Observation da8a721b-3ee0-4cf2-bad6-613e86933c28 · outbound

This paper cites in the middle.

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout in the middle

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T14:25:43.441359Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:6ec4773bf73008887600e63cbbf280acaeafe0ce13caf388336da473a669e306

Observation 2aa7215f-69b0-4711-8dfb-44d94927e345 · outbound

This paper cites Then,φmust be invari- ant under∼ L,c,∗ ∃ , whereLis the number of layers inN (Lemma 16).

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout Then,φmust be invari- ant under∼ L,c,∗ ∃ , whereLis the number of layers inN (Lemma 16)

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T14:25:43.429094Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:22bd0541de157009439f947d00fb10c6517f706d7589cb7de6bfd3ad6dbe0fa0

Observation dea3a9c1-7129-471c-823f-aa485d0e4794 · outbound

This paper cites predictably.

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout predictably

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T14:25:43.435555Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:944a1d98074ad1f6aee3921b01e81cad9dc8c3c0f173816a583419d4933cf304

Observation 99c0342b-ccd1-40ed-9628-9c87275515a4 · outbound

This paper cites canonical.

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout canonical

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T14:25:43.391827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:992234e24c89bca28f44a9f53e3a22869cb3dd2de7a0687174ed6e0eba711227

Observation 4179bb7c-d4b9-4e8c-96a9-ad6e396f4016 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T14:25:43.409579Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:9d0f7b8043da854d88d36e0128e5cd13ce3b4d2a0b227a56762cebff77edbe65

Observation a6183eb5-fa10-473d-8a7c-398e4a056659 · outbound

This paper cites Proof.Let us fix anyv∈Vhavingn G(v) = 1and let G′ be the graphGbut withE ′ :=E\ {(v, u)|u∈ V}.

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout Proof.Let us fix anyv∈Vhavingn G(v) = 1and let G′ be the graphGbut withE ′ :=E\ {(v, u)|u∈ V}

Reference 8

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T14:25:43.405371Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:faf911fee91bbf4afbf9d1e70a900939461c2368e4e4d06e1ddf57e6c690b477

Observation 55c0be21-227e-4d07-93be-09b4e7d0fcd4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T14:25:43.424767Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:53bb408e0e07556ebc2f5680df5848f1d84416cb2c47e6148de6b5b894507543

Observation 418715ad-3098-4ed6-a25d-8f9a86a7bffc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T14:25:43.395153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:ef6b084728f377f3820ac350953a1595a3be7a1a60dd4d2b76b67d7c33b37df7

Observation f73607f8-17a4-4fb2-9740-5c0a5faa49c7 · outbound

This paper cites Proof.LetG ⋆ be the graph obtained fromGby applying Lemma 32.

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout Proof.LetG ⋆ be the graph obtained fromGby applying Lemma 32

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T14:25:43.384539Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:4573367c616863ab3ebabc9be1c1076003ce1fd0ac85e7f911c30d72485f794f

Observation e5732c2d-1cb5-4cb8-8c73-a9acbd6b2cfc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T14:25:43.420505Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:401c239d62565e70903f03ebefc219fd9d010b5772fe06d8940c0f2fc56fa86a

Observation bf6af2ef-3108-4386-abc5-c6c004eb5762 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T14:25:43.388068Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:65e929300bb0b4684decd2474e766725a232f43e0f2371141d498374cdf50f87

Observation 9c709830-06ff-4afe-ae96-cda9ef6f73ea · outbound

This paper cites Proof.We begin by providing an analogue of Lemma 32 for G2.

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout Proof.We begin by providing an analogue of Lemma 32 for G2

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T14:25:43.413088Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:f6e2fdff66a61065ad2c5dfd70f64108fe661e8a04d5b69ba685bf0c652b4ec2

Observation 368f25ce-0963-4ed4-81ef-d70ba2d2c6b1 · outbound

This paper cites By 1 and (†) we haveG 1, v1 ∼L,c G2, v2.

Towards Understanding the Expressive Power of GNNs with Global Readout By 1 and (†) we haveG 1, v1 ∼L,c G2, v2

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T14:25:43.417131Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-09T22:35:17.657430Z digest=sha256:b2a8658e3c0f1fabf8a436b8e02d5a3d94900f5d78f29d51856934e1c3e8c106

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.