Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-08T03:42:09.663944Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks
As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 61 of 61 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2604.24589.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-09T12:40:22.776898Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z
Reference resolution
61 of 61 outbound references displayed
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External citation measurements
0
pith, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z
Outbound references
Observation 4d403df8-3bb2-4742-a834-55cf8d3c3afd · outbound
This paper cites Abdul-Karim, A.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Abdul-Karim, A
Reference 1
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 63ee5ca0-2a0c-4e16-92f4-444e4841c6a5 · outbound
This paper cites Data Release 1 of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Data Release 1 of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
Reference 2
- Resolution
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Observation 8568cac0-4121-4735-a95e-8201ad3708de · outbound
This paper cites The wide-field infrared survey explorer (wise): mission description and initial on-orbit performance.The Astronomical Journal, 140(6):1868–1881.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks The wide-field infrared survey explorer (wise): mission description and initial on-orbit performance.The Astronomical Journal, 140(6):1868–1881
Reference 3
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation c334aea2-874a-4076-a6a4-7663a75ad729 · outbound
This paper cites H., White, R.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks H., White, R
Reference 4
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation d4449cd2-5a34-49e2-a0b3-3b43fbdcc773 · outbound
This paper cites C., Kulkarni, S.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks C., Kulkarni, S
Reference 5
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation a8794674-14b2-47de-938e-621c1b40dbee · outbound
This paper cites LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products , journal =.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products , journal =
Reference 6
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation f8da30de-83f1-444e-a03c-a87ce0ba7d11 · outbound
This paper cites Pathway to the Square Kilometre Array - The German White Paper -.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Pathway to the Square Kilometre Array - The German White Paper -
Reference 7
- Resolution
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Observation 9b0f36d6-e804-4e3f-b9e3-fdf46ccf9fa8 · outbound
This paper cites 2016, Phys.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks 2016, Phys
Reference 8
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 5891b0e7-5dcc-4418-a3f8-1d243c022642 · outbound
This paper cites Willett, and Joni Dambre.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Willett, and Joni Dambre
Reference 9
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 53575247-7803-4929-9aac-cc22009670f6 · outbound
This paper cites and Dambre, Joni , year=.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks and Dambre, Joni , year=
Reference 10
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation c0c18cf5-3548-480b-8767-b1b167e50410 · outbound
This paper cites 2022, MNRAS, 509, 3966, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab2093.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks 2022, MNRAS, 509, 3966, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab2093
Reference 11
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 145a0f3b-0724-4e77-87f6-65e0a7123c17 · outbound
This paper cites keywords =.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks keywords =
Reference 12
- Resolution
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Observation de88c912-9779-4fe6-b1e6-76f4ee3d0175 · outbound
This paper cites 2021, title Alert Classification for the ALeRCE Broker System : The Light Curve Classifier , The Astronomical Journal, 161, 141, 10.3847/1538-3881/abd5c1.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks 2021, title Alert Classification for the ALeRCE Broker System : The Light Curve Classifier , The Astronomical Journal, 161, 141, 10.3847/1538-3881/abd5c1
Reference 13
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 83f09047-164e-46a0-9146-a93ab301c49d · outbound
This paper cites CIGALE: a python Code Investigating GALaxy Emission.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks CIGALE: a python Code Investigating GALaxy Emission
Reference 14
- Resolution
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Observation 5fb036ae-8816-4fa9-8b21-1e5f50606f15 · outbound
This paper cites Jiang, Multigroup Radiation Magnetohydrodynamics Based on Discrete Ordinates including Compton Scattering, Astrophys.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Jiang, Multigroup Radiation Magnetohydrodynamics Based on Discrete Ordinates including Compton Scattering, Astrophys
Reference 15
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation c8286dec-5d85-4dde-9319-251fa8f787fd · outbound
This paper cites 2025, arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2510.17960, 10.48550/arXiv.2510.17960.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks 2025, arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2510.17960, 10.48550/arXiv.2510.17960
Reference 16
- Resolution
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Observation 5ef88a3b-b245-4c42-8f52-efc1c2e13752 · outbound
This paper cites Deepdisc-euclid: Source classification and photometric redshifts in euclid deep field north with a pixel-level deep learning approach.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Deepdisc-euclid: Source classification and photometric redshifts in euclid deep field north with a pixel-level deep learning approach
Reference 17
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 0226423c-c94f-4ec2-a16d-45e7b7d4eeea · outbound
This paper cites DeepDISC-Euclid: Source Classification and Photometric Redshifts in Euclid Deep Field North With a Pixel-Level Deep Learning Approach.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks DeepDISC-Euclid: Source Classification and Photometric Redshifts in Euclid Deep Field North With a Pixel-Level Deep Learning Approach
Reference 18
- Resolution
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Observation 4ca16f69-f496-48ae-a148-4415091d98f2 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
- Resolution
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Observation 4b3c1a85-c45d-45b1-ac1c-ded4fa967064 · outbound
This paper cites doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06924-6.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06924-6
Reference 20
- Resolution
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Observation cea4b809-bbaa-43b7-9d14-2c1ee34caa6e · outbound
This paper cites 2025, Nature Astronomy, 9, 1869, 10.1038/s41550-025-02670-z.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks 2025, Nature Astronomy, 9, 1869, 10.1038/s41550-025-02670-z
Reference 21
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 18431627-f671-449a-8975-39330ad93e76 · outbound
This paper cites Interpreting multi-band galaxy observations with large language model-based agents.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Interpreting multi-band galaxy observations with large language model-based agents
Reference 22
- Resolution
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Observation 4121a138-7690-4809-a1d8-013710199bb4 · outbound
This paper cites Riggi, T.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Riggi, T
Reference 23
- Resolution
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Observation 82d9e42c-6191-459a-8b76-6fbd290c7dfb · outbound
This paper cites Radio astronomy in the era of vision-language models: Prompt sensitivity and adaptation.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Radio astronomy in the era of vision-language models: Prompt sensitivity and adaptation
Reference 24
- Resolution
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Observation e8325370-1a09-4b53-9d3b-3ba4d5d5f63e · outbound
This paper cites AstroMLab 1: Who wins astronomy jeopardy!? 2024.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks AstroMLab 1: Who wins astronomy jeopardy!? 2024
Reference 25
- Resolution
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Observation 1e17029f-83a1-4f52-9841-e0ce81655238 · outbound
This paper cites AstroMLab 3: Achieving GPT-4o level performance in astronomy with a specialized 8b-parameter large language model.Scientific Reports, 15(1):13751.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks AstroMLab 3: Achieving GPT-4o level performance in astronomy with a specialized 8b-parameter large language model.Scientific Reports, 15(1):13751
Reference 26
- Resolution
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Observation 5dbb3dbd-bdd7-4b7e-bced-5933341054cc · outbound
This paper cites AstroMMBench: A benchmark for evaluating multimodal large language models capabilities in astronomy.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks AstroMMBench: A benchmark for evaluating multimodal large language models capabilities in astronomy
Reference 27
- Resolution
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Observation d491f088-da31-463a-9dee-321e3acf57d6 · outbound
This paper cites The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey: Overview and Survey Design.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey: Overview and Survey Design
Reference 28
- Resolution
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Observation 52cf760e-915f-465f-91d7-c387f373a5e1 · outbound
This paper cites keywords =.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks keywords =
Reference 29
- Resolution
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Observation 0764d13b-b802-42e3-b945-4893558d9ee5 · outbound
This paper cites Mirabest: a data set of morphologically classified radio galaxies for machine learning.RAS Techniques and Instruments, 2(1):293–306, January 2023.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Mirabest: a data set of morphologically classified radio galaxies for machine learning.RAS Techniques and Instruments, 2(1):293–306, January 2023
Reference 30
- Resolution
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A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
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Observation ca0bbd28-effb-4140-a84d-86f1986b9b6a · outbound
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A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Unresolved cited work
Reference 32
- Resolution
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Observation 0b4e9c82-c396-4b31-9093-2c44d4fbb768 · outbound
This paper cites OpenAI GPT-5 System Card.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks OpenAI GPT-5 System Card
Reference 33
- Resolution
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Observation 9a0eb25f-8eb3-4005-8328-bb8dbc9b6ad8 · outbound
This paper cites Claude Opus 4.5.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Claude Opus 4.5
Reference 34
- Resolution
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Observation 3d41b6d2-b84d-4fb8-898d-5560a19881de · outbound
This paper cites Gemini 3 Pro.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Gemini 3 Pro
Reference 35
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 9c8447a9-4910-4854-bc8b-566b1e6cd0fb · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Unresolved cited work
Reference 36
- Resolution
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Observation 749027d8-b611-46a6-a2c6-3dcd8ab185a2 · outbound
This paper cites Qwen3 Technical Report.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Qwen3 Technical Report
Reference 37
- Resolution
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Observation f3c0e334-509b-4c8b-8185-254e93e940c6 · outbound
This paper cites Intern-s1-pro: Scientific multimodal foundation model at trillion scale.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Intern-s1-pro: Scientific multimodal foundation model at trillion scale
Reference 38
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation d88455d1-34d8-4843-8b4b-018dc75ed432 · outbound
This paper cites Unblinded data for plasticc classification challenge, January.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Unblinded data for plasticc classification challenge, January
Reference 39
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation b12db63d-321d-4f2d-8748-dd710be20a6d · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Unresolved cited work
Reference 40
- Resolution
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Observation f0ce278a-83f9-484a-bee3-c7e31da48d49 · outbound
This paper cites Stevens, S.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Stevens, S
Reference 41
- Resolution
- verified exact
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation cceb675a-1fca-473d-bdf5-24afd3bbdf76 · outbound
This paper cites Hopkins, Giuseppe Vizzari, Concetto Spampinato, and Simone Palazzo.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Hopkins, Giuseppe Vizzari, Concetto Spampinato, and Simone Palazzo
Reference 42
- Resolution
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Observation 7798b40c-2af9-4a44-8c11-78236d546c27 · outbound
This paper cites Machine learning-based photometric classification of galaxies, quasars, emission-line galaxies, and stars.MNRAS, 527(3):4677–4689, November 2023.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Machine learning-based photometric classification of galaxies, quasars, emission-line galaxies, and stars.MNRAS, 527(3):4677–4689, November 2023
Reference 43
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation dbbaaaa0-bef4-4bb3-8555-629fe342031f · outbound
This paper cites Z., Hafezianzadeh, F., Zhang, Y., et al.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Z., Hafezianzadeh, F., Zhang, Y., et al
Reference 44
- Resolution
- verified exact
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 3e078c30-cc74-4ca3-8353-ce53f046b39f · outbound
This paper cites Avocado: Photometric classification of astronomical transients with gaussian process augmentation.AJ, 158(6):257, December 2019.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Avocado: Photometric classification of astronomical transients with gaussian process augmentation.AJ, 158(6):257, December 2019
Reference 45
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation c6d67c4f-7ab7-451e-9146-9afe1129f1bc · outbound
This paper cites Yesuf, Yongquan Xue, Lalitwadee Kawinwanichakij, Yoshiki Matsuoka, Yoshiki Toba, Tohru Nagao, Malte Schramm, and Kohei Inayoshi.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks Yesuf, Yongquan Xue, Lalitwadee Kawinwanichakij, Yoshiki Matsuoka, Yoshiki Toba, Tohru Nagao, Malte Schramm, and Kohei Inayoshi
Reference 46
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation b8871a1e-aa6a-45a1-b342-a2dd38f5de4c · outbound
This paper cites keywords =.
A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks keywords =
Reference 47
- Resolution
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A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks ۨzעO. #[8?LϚ ^ [E o[p! k D]og5C첌9Ӌ+l+ 7J<QEKz8
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A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks year = 1974, month = may, volume =
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A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks A., Phillips M
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A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks E., 1987, @doi [ ] 10.1086/191166 , 63, 295
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A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks FastSpecFit: Fast spectral synthesis and emission-line fitting of DESI spectra
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Pith citing papers
Observation 058acea2-0d32-4791-990a-b7c355bb0f08 · inbound
Do Vision-Language Models See Dwarf Galaxies the Way We Do? cites this paper.
Do Vision-Language Models See Dwarf Galaxies the Way We Do? A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks
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Executable verification through formalized expert reasoning in astronomical spectroscopy cites this paper.
Executable verification through formalized expert reasoning in astronomical spectroscopy A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks
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Generalist Vision-Language Models for Fast Radio Burst detection: a zero-shot benchmark against a specialized detector cites this paper.
Generalist Vision-Language Models for Fast Radio Burst detection: a zero-shot benchmark against a specialized detector A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks
Reference 59
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