Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

How Language Models Process Negation

As of 5 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 46 of 46 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2605.03052.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2605.03052 v2

Coverage vector

measured 46 of 46 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-01T00:10:03.686212Z

measured 46 of 46 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

46 of 46 outbound references displayed

verified exact21
verified fuzzy15
unresolved2
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch8

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation c0f9912d-4c0a-4041-889e-86f5de20e45b · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

How Language Models Process Negation write newline

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.729964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation cdcebca6-1dc3-4492-99fb-36133d867b7f · outbound

This paper cites Bowman, Gabor Angeli, Christopher Potts, and Christopher D.

How Language Models Process Negation Bowman, Gabor Angeli, Christopher Potts, and Christopher D

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.597907Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 9075ee3d-dde1-4b8c-8e94-ff805f0448ca · outbound

This paper cites E., Hume, T., Carter, S., Henighan, T., and Olah, C.

How Language Models Process Negation E., Hume, T., Carter, S., Henighan, T., and Olah, C

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.727804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation d7f72717-3cbb-4db2-987f-622f25eff6ba · outbound

This paper cites Summing Up the Facts: Additive Mechanisms Behind Factual Recall in LLMs.

How Language Models Process Negation Summing Up the Facts: Additive Mechanisms Behind Factual Recall in LLMs

Reference 4

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:09.351393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation fea14e50-d0d6-44b2-ac97-1bba7ae1e750 · outbound

This paper cites Sparse Autoencoders Find Highly Interpretable Features in Language Models.

How Language Models Process Negation Sparse Autoencoders Find Highly Interpretable Features in Language Models

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:09.354416Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation ca14d623-1ede-41d3-92a2-0f22899a1e53 · outbound

This paper cites BERT : Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

How Language Models Process Negation BERT : Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.602219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 9b85c52e-180b-46b0-9fb7-8ae4f9edfc18 · outbound

This paper cites and Geva, M.

How Language Models Process Negation and Geva, M

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.594023Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 27197c2a-8208-4167-bb19-8b225d1bd975 · outbound

This paper cites J., Liao, I., Gurnee, W., and Tegmark, M.

How Language Models Process Negation J., Liao, I., Gurnee, W., and Tegmark, M

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.720762Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 4d1b7d49-b816-4903-b469-3107cc03f394 · outbound

This paper cites Nicholas Goldowsky-Dill, Bilal Chughtai, Stefan Heimersheim, and Marius Hobbhahn.

How Language Models Process Negation Nicholas Goldowsky-Dill, Bilal Chughtai, Stefan Heimersheim, and Marius Hobbhahn

Reference 9

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.615269Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation f6ad432a-bbf0-4f42-9f83-b651a3dc26dc · outbound

This paper cites Transformer Feed-Forward Layers Are Key-Value Memories.

How Language Models Process Negation Transformer Feed-Forward Layers Are Key-Value Memories

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.622913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation c7446e28-e430-45e7-a721-6ac3c2786f9d · outbound

This paper cites Dissecting.

How Language Models Process Negation Dissecting

Reference 11

Resolution: metadata mismatch; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.626180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 7f9c2b46-17b9-4a5e-a209-99f7ea1c4da3 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

How Language Models Process Negation The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:09.368561Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 838dc2bf-70bf-4e6a-821f-0f101d5cabca · outbound

This paper cites The unreasonable ineffectiveness of the deeper layers.

How Language Models Process Negation The unreasonable ineffectiveness of the deeper layers

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.705015Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation d0e044aa-ead9-4dfa-8bfe-4715458834e8 · outbound

This paper cites and Handschuh, S.

How Language Models Process Negation and Handschuh, S

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.629638Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 11e1970c-f44d-4d04-8a95-3e0704aefa6f · outbound

This paper cites Bowman, and Noah A.

How Language Models Process Negation Bowman, and Noah A

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.620680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation df7a38fa-1355-48a8-bb23-15d3f833573c · outbound

This paper cites Overthinking the truth: Understanding how language models process false demonstrations.

How Language Models Process Negation Overthinking the truth: Understanding how language models process false demonstrations

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.722417Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation ec042823-57a2-4776-8c12-1cbc7d827a13 · outbound

This paper cites and Glucksberg, S.

How Language Models Process Negation and Glucksberg, S

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.627879Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 1412c016-d18f-4dd4-a764-2351ea339a63 · outbound

This paper cites Llama Scope: Extracting Millions of Features from Llama-3.1-8B with Sparse Autoencoders.

How Language Models Process Negation Llama Scope: Extracting Millions of Features from Llama-3.1-8B with Sparse Autoencoders

Reference 18

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:09.371689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation e84e7c17-4c3a-46b6-80c1-38f1241ed77a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Language Models Process Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.716422Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 093453b8-43ba-4932-9ec9-88e1d207315a · outbound

This paper cites R., Eberle, O., Khakzar, A., and Nanda, N.

How Language Models Process Negation R., Eberle, O., Khakzar, A., and Nanda, N

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.735122Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 75a2d791-dc89-4f13-8d26-4eabf4c08080 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

How Language Models Process Negation Mistral 7B

Reference 21

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:09.365749Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 2499db6f-b468-4351-b014-e4eb23f555f8 · outbound

This paper cites doi: 10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.698.

How Language Models Process Negation doi: 10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.698

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.618989Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 0332806d-fd82-4377-8569-ee2ff498c290 · outbound

This paper cites The self-contained negation test set.

How Language Models Process Negation The self-contained negation test set

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.617274Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 75be3fa0-f6f7-47e3-a300-efa70336f1e0 · outbound

This paper cites RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.

How Language Models Process Negation RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:09.360017Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 313efa45-79f1-42c6-b449-4eb9d009e048 · outbound

This paper cites Don’t think of the white bear: Ironic negation in transformer models under cognitive load.

How Language Models Process Negation Don’t think of the white bear: Ironic negation in transformer models under cognitive load

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:09.363094Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation e2510ffd-35a2-4375-82b8-3baa63b8b4ed · outbound

This paper cites and Tegmark, M.

How Language Models Process Negation and Tegmark, M

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.714439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation ace21d74-b708-4d79-b174-b4c17721be00 · outbound

This paper cites S., Conmy, A., Rushing, C., McGrath, T., and Nanda, N.

How Language Models Process Negation S., Conmy, A., Rushing, C., McGrath, T., and Nanda, N

Reference 27

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.592485Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 61de16f4-545b-46c6-8738-3617e7675ec7 · outbound

This paper cites Locating and editing factual associations in gpt.

How Language Models Process Negation Locating and editing factual associations in gpt

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.734924Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation f077c720-5b6a-40d1-a2aa-0166c93fa66f · outbound

This paper cites interpreting gpt: the logit lens.

How Language Models Process Negation interpreting gpt: the logit lens

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.731586Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 0c1d7bd0-3318-4b7b-8bda-2d8615b2eca1 · outbound

This paper cites DOI:10.23915/distill.00010.

How Language Models Process Negation DOI:10.23915/distill.00010

Reference 30

Resolution: metadata mismatch; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.603986Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation e898cb80-8ce8-4977-ae97-5db932e4e54e · outbound

This paper cites The default computation of negated meanings.

How Language Models Process Negation The default computation of negated meanings

Reference 31

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.607946Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation b1575586-fc72-42b2-aab6-3790333fad8c · outbound

This paper cites Hypothesis Only Baselines in Natural Language Inference.

How Language Models Process Negation Hypothesis Only Baselines in Natural Language Inference

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.610019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation ce841eb5-cca3-4e02-97e6-8096082efcf8 · outbound

This paper cites Steering Llama 2 via Contrastive Activation Addition , url =.

How Language Models Process Negation Steering Llama 2 via Contrastive Activation Addition , url =

Reference 33

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.612090Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation af1596f7-65fc-49d1-b4e7-7fc5bedf6713 · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.

How Language Models Process Negation Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Reference 34

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:09.357245Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 382041ce-3758-413d-806b-fe2543406e6a · outbound

This paper cites R., Zhao, D., Patel, N.

How Language Models Process Negation R., Zhao, D., Patel, N

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.731210Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 597c937a-6562-4971-8cce-2152468b931e · outbound

This paper cites S., Mueller, A., Wallace, B.

How Language Models Process Negation S., Mueller, A., Wallace, B

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.724635Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation d3bd9d37-eeaf-489c-ab3b-b0756e5c2db7 · outbound

This paper cites N., Kaiser, L.

How Language Models Process Negation N., Kaiser, L

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.722147Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 7d670157-1084-4ed9-a156-3abad8f705a1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Language Models Process Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.717133Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation cf29c92f-394e-4efb-a683-0e36f7892a68 · outbound

This paper cites R., Variengien, A., Conmy, A., Shlegeris, B., and Steinhardt, J.

How Language Models Process Negation R., Variengien, A., Conmy, A., Shlegeris, B., and Steinhardt, J

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.706860Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation caa1402a-43a0-4675-9174-854cab2b2af8 · outbound

This paper cites A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for Sentence Understanding through Inference.

How Language Models Process Negation A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for Sentence Understanding through Inference

Reference 40

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.605967Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation d7ed15eb-9077-4bbf-8d60-94a8b96a7ada · outbound

This paper cites Efficient streaming language models with attention sinks.

How Language Models Process Negation Efficient streaming language models with attention sinks

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.728179Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 409bf28f-9210-4d7a-af40-04cc57078af1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Language Models Process Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.595946Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation edc8f64f-9e7f-4d77-b91c-c9f913097b14 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

How Language Models Process Negation Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 43

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:09.347891Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation fbcf2d08-ffc9-4dbf-a43b-121c2f4fffed · outbound

This paper cites Qwen3 Technical Report.

How Language Models Process Negation Qwen3 Technical Report

Reference 44

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:09.344680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 33a37d5a-0ef4-49be-8191-586c7963ee2e · outbound

This paper cites and Sennrich, R.

How Language Models Process Negation and Sennrich, R

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T09:23:35.733180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 06d7ac31-7dcd-425e-84cd-310797e8fc1e · outbound

This paper cites PLOS Biology , author =.

How Language Models Process Negation PLOS Biology , author =

Reference 46

Resolution: metadata mismatch; doi, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:08.600163Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.