Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-08T14:10:28.941565Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 31 July 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 46 of 46 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2605.06080.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-08T14:10:28.941565Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
46 of 46 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 54781691-ea75-4104-9622-155deafe3bce · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Clip- score: A reference-free evaluation metric for image captioning
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 9055bd95-11b9-4923-b293-aad02147f3db · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Throne: An object-based hallucination benchmark for the free-form generations of large vision-language models
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 869a73a3-2b58-4301-909d-fbae7dd547e7 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Server
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation a4ab99f1-ffed-48ed-acbf-5506866cead0 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation From image descriptions to visual denotations: New similarity metrics for semantic inference over event descriptions
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 98b0a2fd-e3e8-47ef-9034-5ac6194a0bf6 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Visual genome: Connecting language and vision using crowdsourced dense image annotations
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 9e778afd-a6a6-4399-8073-293ae476faeb · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Sugarcrepe: Fixing hackable benchmarks for vision-language compositionality
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation c230eead-ff46-483a-99ae-30ad6364a4d3 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation CapArena: Benchmarking and Analyzing Detailed Image Captioning in the LLM Era
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation c52c58a5-e540-4f06-8c85-d40b89f2411d · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Long-clip: Unlocking the long-text capability of clip
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation b918d03a-481e-45c7-b05e-5696cfd3d5a1 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation FLEUR: An Explainable Reference-Free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioning Using a Large Multimodal Model
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 2d1d4eef-fd11-4c97-9462-3fef3d8599c1 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation GPT-4o System Card
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 4715a2ed-4ec6-494d-b9c1-abeacaa07dd8 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 9be129dc-ff9c-4f77-94ad-126e4b75dc9d · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Meteor: An automatic metric for mt evaluation with improved correlation with human judgments
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 02132b53-5eb8-4ab7-baaa-33797ad0fc0d · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Rouge: A package for automatic evaluation of sum- maries
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 301afae1-fb2c-4da0-bd2e-7e35c2655305 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Cider: Consensus-based image description evaluation
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 2424202d-de61-4c12-bf01-83757c6c5115 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Spice: Semantic propositional image caption evaluation
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation b52990be-c408-4fb4-abbe-760ec644682e · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Benchmarking and Improving Detail Image Caption
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 1f19ee89-936f-4124-b487-3852d4baad26 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation AuroraCap: Efficient, Performant Video Detailed Captioning and a New Benchmark
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation e6d474ce-061c-429b-8347-c51cfe3a9b2c · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Umic: An unreferenced metric for image captioning via contrastive learn- ing
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation d83fdf42-fd4f-463e-960e-d9367ce1dde7 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Positive-augmented contrastive learning for image and video captioning evaluation
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation c0d0a9bd-66a9-4624-9c67-4146affd4373 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Infometic: An informative metric for reference-free image caption evaluation
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 2ca9da6d-1864-4547-aa8e-c8f034ad1fe3 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Bridge: Bridging gaps in image captioning evaluation with stronger visual cues
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation d4c47991-3422-4f3a-a71b-e7679d565d92 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Hicescore: A hi- erarchical metric for image captioning evaluation
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 3557c9ed-c8da-436f-9be5-1c46298b7a89 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Expert: An explain- able image captioning evaluation metric with structured explana- tions
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 607f18a7-d23b-45ae-83bc-33b0284efa94 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation From word embeddings to document distances
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation f99960c9-edac-43bd-af13-889efa1f726e · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Sinkhorn distances: Lightspeed computation of opti- mal transport
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 4f99eda2-4440-4511-a12e-1bbb19c10c8c · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Padim: a patch distribution modeling framework for anomaly detection and localization
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 07c714ec-fb59-4b89-b49d-b21557e6059f · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Gmmseg: Gaussian mix- ture based generative semantic segmentation models
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation d64b961c-b122-4fd1-aeb4-6e95aff51174 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation a59ed399-d2e2-4860-99b6-863c75c156be · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 87d6895c-17bb-442c-81d9-60ab5153d7f0 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Llava-critic: Learning to evaluate multimodal models
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 89398c45-a231-46fe-9c45-72979882a1cc · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignment
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 049c88a5-1307-4e14-b643-5450eb6f59a9 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 28573fd4-b6de-477e-8406-dcce6d77c09a · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation SigLIP 2: Multilingual Vision-Language Encoders with Improved Semantic Understanding, Localization, and Dense Features
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 085330d4-ea79-4738-aed5-7a5dcc20c94e · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Posh: Using scene graphs to guide llms-as-a-judge for detailed image descriptions
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 63402b98-05ab-4ac6-9ce2-725a8f97f5a7 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Clustering on the unit hypersphere using von mises-fisher dis- tributions
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 9f517e4c-5113-4176-b7d7-03ac1eebf5d0 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Framing image de- scription as a ranking task: Data, models and evaluation metrics
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation b050876f-b197-4685-b5fe-2395b048a990 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation From Images to Sentences through Scene Description Graphs using Commonsense Reasoning and Knowledge
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 11fd0a3e-2f81-497d-a307-bc04f2d90388 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Microsoft coco: Common objects in context
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 0cd47007-d949-419f-bb62-6e2f9756d52a · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Polos: Multimodal metric learning from human feedback for image captioning
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation cf2dcef4-ab7e-420c-a212-c899c8ec6084 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Visual instruction tuning
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation a8f027ad-e7b4-443f-bbd2-82172d7a6e4d · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Qwen2.5-VL Technical Report
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 66142c78-6574-46dd-a2e6-541bd6ba2811 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation ROCOv2: Radiology Objects in COntext Version 2, an Updated Multimodal Image Dataset
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 96b2ba7b-03f4-4a55-9c01-a8d3ffd62579 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Exploring models and data for remote sensing image caption generation
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 0876db0a-3ffe-4121-858a-12cf7a5c3241 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation BiomedCLIP: a multimodal biomedical foundation model pretrained from fifteen million scientific image-text pairs
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation 01f8a5f8-c8e7-46cf-9c54-7ce69ad90018 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation RemoteCLIP: A Vision Language Foundation Model for Remote Sensing
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
Observation f9ecb5c5-5528-4a4d-b1b3-83961ab37351 · outbound
MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation Internvl: Scaling up vision foun- dation models and aligning for generic visual-linguistic tasks
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-07-31T06:34:12.847434+00:00.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.