Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2605.19095.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2605.19095 v1

Coverage vector

measured 43 of 43 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-20T12:22:30.263086Z

measured 44 of 44 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-01T04:48:12.846717Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

43 of 43 outbound references displayed

verified exact7
verified fuzzy18
unresolved16
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch2

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 0493248a-f65a-4c7a-ad4e-0a3ccc4c0c73 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.163772Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 940a63b1-3814-40a6-b81c-1cfdad43fa47 · outbound

This paper cites S., Gosal, G., Gray, G., Soboleva, D., and Hestness, J.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models S., Gosal, G., Gray, G., Soboleva, D., and Hestness, J

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.155926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ca6a6106-6ebd-4f5d-abbf-4ed014d7d67c · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism

Reference 3

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:16.793440Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 2251bd43-83c3-48b4-9402-0cf1389316f5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.174085Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 6fc25b09-ac3c-4643-a541-73c73d1cb900 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.177980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 6c09cb8b-1ceb-49f7-bd01-de247afa7057 · outbound

This paper cites and Gower, R.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models and Gower, R

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.154030Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 91cb461b-b5f1-4798-95d0-7329df8164fb · outbound

This paper cites and Mishchenko, K.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models and Mishchenko, K

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.165840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 55777f96-43ac-4b5b-b3ed-4596cba9b7f9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.149975Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 0dbb234a-1f2d-48ae-8b63-af31aca8ebeb · outbound

This paper cites DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:16.790219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b0acc0f4-b37e-45fa-ad4e-a3143e20066c · outbound

This paper cites B., Von Werra, L., and Jaggi, M.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models B., Von Werra, L., and Jaggi, M

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.169909Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 84d38130-1db9-4ada-8f28-4d553e6649bf · outbound

This paper cites A., Welbl, J., Clark, A., et al.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models A., Welbl, J., Clark, A., et al

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.167941Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 2936bc17-87e2-446c-9e7d-5dfdaf5ffbac · outbound

This paper cites L., Wang, C., Yao, Y., Zhao, C., Zhou, J., Cai, J., Zhai, Z., Ding, N., Jia, C., Zeng, G., dahai li, Liu, Z., and Sun, M.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models L., Wang, C., Yao, Y., Zhao, C., Zhou, J., Cai, J., Zhai, Z., Ding, N., Jia, C., Zeng, G., dahai li, Liu, Z., and Sun, M

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.148364Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b4c9b867-cfd4-45fc-87d9-35064d885cf0 · outbound

This paper cites Y., Song, S., Hajishirzi, H., Kornblith, S., Farhadi, A., and Schmidt, L.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Y., Song, S., Hajishirzi, H., Kornblith, S., Farhadi, A., and Schmidt, L

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.171990Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 0d148fe7-b92c-4f65-9385-a829907babc1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.161680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b7f4c928-037a-4270-b8e3-30a99784c800 · outbound

This paper cites P., and Wilson, A.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models P., and Wilson, A

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.152401Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation d4b89dec-654d-439b-b89f-e94ee5e9d753 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.176038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 44ba0cd3-7f79-4229-a831-f654aa624cd3 · outbound

This paper cites Kimi k2: Open agentic intelligence.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Kimi k2: Open agentic intelligence

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.157682Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 1b7ef1d4-7864-4b08-8ebc-4ed80c18d576 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.159582Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation fe8d3f8c-bf10-4c8a-a37f-54e452f330b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.115944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 6bef364a-0d99-4d45-9728-c51e1b4e1419 · outbound

This paper cites Branch-Train-Merge: Embarrassingly Parallel Training of Expert Language Models.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Branch-Train-Merge: Embarrassingly Parallel Training of Expert Language Models

Reference 20

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:16.769512Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation cdfded52-de3c-4810-8fbc-99db82938247 · outbound

This paper cites Model Merging in Pre-training of Large Language Models.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Model Merging in Pre-training of Large Language Models

Reference 21

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:16.787163Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b91e292f-a052-48db-bec8-8d44fccc014d · outbound

This paper cites G., and Goldblum, M.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models G., and Goldblum, M

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.141354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 4316f2fc-8874-4984-a48f-0b40614f5866 · outbound

This paper cites and Defazio, A.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models and Defazio, A

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.119631Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7a65891a-2c8e-4bd1-8f3a-d0181a590edd · outbound

This paper cites Connections between Schedule-Free Optimizers, AdEMAMix, and Accelerated SGD Variants.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Connections between Schedule-Free Optimizers, AdEMAMix, and Accelerated SGD Variants

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:16.772543Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ed81c561-74fd-4352-a034-78374cd98925 · outbound

This paper cites M., and Loizou, N.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models M., and Loizou, N

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.144761Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation de907a1a-828e-4ea9-98d9-838a7adff802 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.138089Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c9956c83-6e47-496f-addb-bb35e0b5c44c · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher

Reference 27

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:16.781464Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 75c2d1cd-fb9f-4fd3-8545-ef1179935678 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.134338Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 8bf73e49-b023-47a1-b2f6-0d8210f4ed28 · outbound

This paper cites Training trajectories, mini-batch losses and the curious role of the learning rate.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Training trajectories, mini-batch losses and the curious role of the learning rate

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:16.784243Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c68cede9-ef1e-412f-920d-192394cf9aed · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.123073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c0fd6f55-5db4-425a-99a9-f2636a113bce · outbound

This paper cites J., Lee, J., Antognini, J., Sohl-Dickstein, J., Frostig, R., and Dahl, G.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models J., Lee, J., Antognini, J., Sohl-Dickstein, J., Frostig, R., and Dahl, G

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.132311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 14ba67c3-f01e-4c4c-91dd-548d13840d55 · outbound

This paper cites and Zhang, T.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models and Zhang, T

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.124973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 4afa78d9-076f-4230-9400-f919adc8a20e · outbound

This paper cites and Edelman, Y.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models and Edelman, Y

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.121224Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 58a6ccf4-45e4-43ae-95ed-531f315e4c04 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.128815Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation f46ce5b8-436a-48c6-87d8-5c8dfaa162c9 · outbound

This paper cites L2 Regularization versus Batch and Weight Normalization.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models L2 Regularization versus Batch and Weight Normalization

Reference 35

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:16.778398Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 0445dc34-54a2-4baa-a569-07c7493de4a4 · outbound

This paper cites S., Hall, D.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models S., Hall, D

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.143051Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation e678cf7e-5390-436c-b6d0-ce3533378950 · outbound

This paper cites Y., Roelofs, R., Gontijo-Lopes, R., Morcos, A.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Y., Roelofs, R., Gontijo-Lopes, R., Morcos, A

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.127064Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation d196e8c2-a082-4c87-a5c2-f1ba90c361ad · outbound

This paper cites W., Li, M., Kornblith, S., Roelofs, R., Lopes, R.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models W., Li, M., Kornblith, S., Roelofs, R., Lopes, R

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.146508Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b5c182e1-e319-4d86-832f-1c9938afd0cf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.130491Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 1eb7f267-7b21-453a-974e-23c92b9f625b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.117969Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 49896bf3-1d00-4159-a313-1f2f5542776f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.136296Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation dcfc156b-b9a1-4849-a977-f084f4a441a1 · outbound

This paper cites How Does Critical Batch Size Scale in Pre-training?.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models How Does Critical Batch Size Scale in Pre-training?

Reference 42

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:16.775669Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation f5caaac6-4377-48df-b821-49ac04f952f4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:17.139654Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation b1b2ba76-6c29-4b7e-9e59-793153cc68c4 · inbound

Hyperball May Not Be a Free Lunch cites this paper.

Hyperball May Not Be a Free Lunch ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T04:48:12.846717Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.