Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks

As of 23 July 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 40 of 40 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2605.30985.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2605.30985 v1

Coverage vector

measured 40 of 40 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

measured 40 of 40 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-07-23T06:31:01.910684+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

40 of 40 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved39
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation a1ac7090-3f41-4d65-bab9-239e3fa4b2ae · outbound

This paper cites General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Enhance- ments for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Access.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Enhance- ments for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Access

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0d7d6fa0-3e44-4b4e-96bb-5230ce7cd4f7 · outbound

This paper cites System Architecture for the 5G System.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks System Architecture for the 5G System

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f736b853-02ef-4f31-8781-37f6a2494aa5 · outbound

This paper cites Security Architecture and Procedures for 5G System.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Security Architecture and Procedures for 5G System

Reference 3

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a5da8155-fac6-43b9-87c6-9da79f67e3bb · outbound

This paper cites Procedures for the 5G System (5GS).

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Procedures for the 5G System (5GS)

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a3078d44-a67b-44ac-b539-505eb355d56b · outbound

This paper cites Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) Protocol for 5G System (5GS); Stage 3.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) Protocol for 5G System (5GS); Stage 3

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 039e272e-ef25-498e-8538-d101abc7c625 · outbound

This paper cites 5G Security Assurance Speciﬁcation (SCAS); Access and Mobility management Function (AMF).

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks 5G Security Assurance Speciﬁcation (SCAS); Access and Mobility management Function (AMF)

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 851f92d2-a2c1-4d16-861d-a16983d10c4f · outbound

This paper cites Open Source 5G Core Network.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Open Source 5G Core Network

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 23f15ba9-7fdb-46fb-bb9f-b7bd3980cfe1 · outbound

This paper cites Open Source 5G Core Network.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Open Source 5G Core Network

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5f8f84f1-8019-4838-9e95-9aea383c26c8 · outbound

This paper cites Open Source RAN and Core Net- work Software.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Open Source RAN and Core Net- work Software

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 85a67662-96ea-48f2-9df1-0daaea93a316 · outbound

This paper cites Open Source 5G UE and RAN Simulator.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Open Source 5G UE and RAN Simulator

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d0cf85f5-6432-4f08-8dbb-e5b110370ea1 · outbound

This paper cites To- ward a cloud-native telecom infrastructure: Analysis and evaluations of kubernetes networking.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks To- ward a cloud-native telecom infrastructure: Analysis and evaluations of kubernetes networking

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e98c1f5b-c0a3-4428-82da-e73b9024052e · outbound

This paper cites Exploring ml methods for dynamic scaling of be- yond 5g cloud-native rans.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Exploring ml methods for dynamic scaling of be- yond 5g cloud-native rans

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6659626d-2598-44ed-94f0-ec66faafbf1c · outbound

This paper cites Cloud-native orchestration framework for network slice federation across administrative do- mains in 5g/6g mobile networks.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Cloud-native orchestration framework for network slice federation across administrative do- mains in 5g/6g mobile networks

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ab424a4b-bdc3-498c-aee4-b1a438b73127 · outbound

This paper cites 5gc-fuzz: Finding deep stateful vulner- abilities in 5g core network with black-box fuzzing.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks 5gc-fuzz: Finding deep stateful vulner- abilities in 5g core network with black-box fuzzing

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9f109827-660b-41be-ba20-870cc9b1da47 · outbound

This paper cites Corecrisis:threat-guided and context-aware iter- ative learning and fuzzing of 5g core networks.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Corecrisis:threat-guided and context-aware iter- ative learning and fuzzing of 5g core networks

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 44636571-1069-4303-a602-aa8a9049c68e · outbound

This paper cites Citesting: Systematic testing of context integrity violations in lte core net- works.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Citesting: Systematic testing of context integrity violations in lte core net- works

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 83ef1d73-3fbe-4252-b27e-240ffa15f169 · outbound

This paper cites Hermes: Unlocking security analysis of cellular network protocols by synthesizing ﬁnite state machines from natural language speciﬁcations.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Hermes: Unlocking security analysis of cellular network protocols by synthesizing ﬁnite state machines from natural language speciﬁcations

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2aa7f185-ec3c-4e83-a92c-f6af54f96851 · outbound

This paper cites Cellularlint: A systematic approach to iden- tify inconsistent behavior in cellular network speciﬁca- tions.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Cellularlint: A systematic approach to iden- tify inconsistent behavior in cellular network speciﬁca- tions

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b52b4511-8a0a-4963-9f82-4ba08fd6c142 · outbound

This paper cites Unleashing the power of llm to infer state machine from the protocol im- plementation.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Unleashing the power of llm to infer state machine from the protocol im- plementation

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 46fdcf60-aad8-4a87-8c5d-5de5fac47432 · outbound

This paper cites Dissecting privacy-exposing identi- ﬁers in 5g/4g networks.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Dissecting privacy-exposing identi- ﬁers in 5g/4g networks

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 992fdfbd-35f0-49ce-b9f8-33d54b2adab3 · outbound

This paper cites Instructions unclear: undeﬁned behaviour in cellular network speciﬁcations.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Instructions unclear: undeﬁned behaviour in cellular network speciﬁcations

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 54efad30-0801-4717-9bde-13914058e03a · outbound

This paper cites Noncom- pliance as deviant behavior: An automated black-box noncompliance checker for 4g lte cellular devices.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Noncom- pliance as deviant behavior: An automated black-box noncompliance checker for 4g lte cellular devices

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation df03bfc4-3ff4-49ba-8b13-8cf1694576dc · outbound

This paper cites Touching the untouchables: Dynamic security analysis of the lte control plane.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Touching the untouchables: Dynamic security analysis of the lte control plane

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b6edd48c-a524-4619-b15e-899185cbcd98 · outbound

This paper cites Sherlock on specs: Building lte conformance tests through automated reasoning.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Sherlock on specs: Building lte conformance tests through automated reasoning

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c67843bd-675a-4719-add5-8217a3f0ef02 · outbound

This paper cites Intelligent fuzzing algorithm for 5g nas protocol based on predeﬁned rules.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Intelligent fuzzing algorithm for 5g nas protocol based on predeﬁned rules

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f60d11d0-2749-468e-a789-a1c74d0df292 · outbound

This paper cites Nlp-based cross-layer 5g vulnerabilities detection via fuzzing generated run- time proﬁling.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Nlp-based cross-layer 5g vulnerabilities detection via fuzzing generated run- time proﬁling

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fe2b7531-2138-4215-9a21-18865acb6761 · outbound

This paper cites Metastable failures in distributed systems.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Metastable failures in distributed systems

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f320aa76-3259-4876-a703-cb876ed3c5b7 · outbound

This paper cites Metastable failures in the wild.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Metastable failures in the wild

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eee40939-eb39-4b79-9859-8ecd6f35b2c3 · outbound

This paper cites Analyzing metastable failures.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Analyzing metastable failures

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 80fc296f-9536-4677-a77f-bbef81a8f63d · outbound

This paper cites Amfuzz: Black-box fuzzing of 5g core net- works.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Amfuzz: Black-box fuzzing of 5g core net- works

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 76d99b89-ced6-45cf-bbb2-b74da592aeff · outbound

This paper cites Lteinspector: A systematic ap- proach for adversarial testing of 4g lte.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Lteinspector: A systematic ap- proach for adversarial testing of 4g lte

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bfef7000-e150-4e3f-8b82-d057588cc14f · outbound

This paper cites A for- mal analysis of 5g authentication.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks A for- mal analysis of 5g authentication

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9f7704ed-029b-4b21-a466-4e555d1576bf · outbound

This paper cites 5greasoner: A property-directed security and privacy analysis frame- work for 5g cellular network protocol.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks 5greasoner: A property-directed security and privacy analysis frame- work for 5g cellular network protocol

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eed4c3f1-1420-4ae4-b130-781ddfb1794f · outbound

This paper cites Component- based formal analysis of 5g-aka: Channel assumptions and session confusion.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Component- based formal analysis of 5g-aka: Channel assumptions and session confusion

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 70629351-f2dd-4a00-b96d-3ab87a225a31 · outbound

This paper cites Privacy-preserving and standard-compatible aka pro- tocol for 5g.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Privacy-preserving and standard-compatible aka pro- tocol for 5g

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6f9131f3-3086-41a3-ad59-72e82f3e348c · outbound

This paper cites A com- prehensive formal analysis of 5g handover.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks A com- prehensive formal analysis of 5g handover

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5e2c663b-56be-4112-98b0-3dd511fbc7c6 · outbound

This paper cites A formal analysis of 5g eap-tls protocol.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks A formal analysis of 5g eap-tls protocol

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 054fee79-97a9-4091-946e-b97bfac6f037 · outbound

This paper cites Formal analysis of access con- trol mechanism of 5g core network.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks Formal analysis of access con- trol mechanism of 5g core network

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 89cdfaca-0ef4-45e3-9245-2136d8722943 · outbound

This paper cites From control to chaos: A comprehensive for- mal analysis of 5g’s access control.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks From control to chaos: A comprehensive for- mal analysis of 5g’s access control

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fad4d708-adbd-4358-8c18-6e6146773f41 · outbound

This paper cites For- malization of a security access control model for the 5g system.

Kairos: Lightweight Testing Framework for Timing-Induced Interaction Failures in LTE and 5G Core Networks For- malization of a security access control model for the 5g system

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T20:19:11.326845Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.