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arxiv: 2606.05820 · v1 · pith:FNO2JCLKnew · submitted 2026-06-04 · 🧮 math.NT

Drinfeld modules in rank 2 with CM and S-unit j-invariants

Pith reviewed 2026-06-27 23:56 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🧮 math.NT
keywords Drinfeld modulescomplex multiplicationS-unitsj-invariantsfinitenesssingular moduliHilbert modular polynomial
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The pith

The set of j-invariants of rank-2 CM Drinfeld modules over F_q[T] that are S-units is finite.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper proves that only finitely many j-invariants arise from Drinfeld modules of rank 2 over the polynomial ring F_q[T] when the modules have complex multiplication and the j-invariants are S-units for the infinite set S of primes of even degree. The argument examines the ordinary and supersingular reductions of the modules and the splitting of primes that divide the difference of two Drinfeld singular moduli. An algorithm is constructed that outputs a polynomial over F_q[T] whose roots are exactly the j-invariants with complex multiplication by any prescribed order. For maximal orders the same algorithm produces the Hilbert modular polynomial, and explicit runs of the algorithm yield counterexamples to a conjecture of Dorman.

Core claim

The set of j-invariants of Drinfeld modules of rank 2 over F_q[T] which are CM and S-units, for S the infinite set of primes with even degrees, is finite. The proof rests on the ordinary and supersingular reduction properties of the modules together with the splitting behaviour of primes dividing the difference of two Drinfeld singular moduli. An algorithm computes a polynomial over F_q[T] whose roots are the j-invariants with CM by a given order, and for a maximal order this polynomial is shown to be the Hilbert modular polynomial by a universality argument.

What carries the argument

The splitting behaviour of primes dividing the difference of two Drinfeld singular moduli, used together with the ordinary and supersingular reduction properties of the modules.

If this is right

  • Only finitely many such j-invariants exist.
  • The algorithm produces the minimal polynomial over F_q[T] for the j-invariants with CM by any given order.
  • When the order is maximal the algorithm yields the Hilbert modular polynomial.
  • Explicit computations with the algorithm give counterexamples to Dorman's conjecture.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same reduction and splitting techniques might apply to Drinfeld modules over other function-field rings if analogous reduction statements hold.
  • Running the algorithm for small q and varying orders would produce tables of CM j-invariants that could be compared with class-number data in function-field class field theory.
  • The counterexamples indicate that any revised version of Dorman's conjecture must impose extra restrictions on the orders or the base ring.

Load-bearing premise

The finiteness argument assumes that ordinary and supersingular reduction types plus the splitting of primes in singular-modulus differences are strong enough to bound the possible CM orders and their j-invariants.

What would settle it

An explicit infinite family of distinct rank-2 CM Drinfeld modules over F_q[T] whose j-invariants are S-units for the even-degree primes would disprove the claim.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.05820 by Fabien Pazuki, Liam Baker, Patricio Perez Pina.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Table of PO for q = 3, O = A[ √ D], and D quadratic and squarefree D (q = 3, deg D = 3) PO (with only leading and constant coefficients included and factorised) T 3 + T j 4 + · · · + T 8 (T + 2)16(T 3 + T 2 + 2T + 1)4 T 3 + 2T j 4 + · · · + T 8 (T + 1)8 (T + 2)8 (T 3 + 2T + 1)4 T 3 + 2T + 1 j 7 + · · · + 2(T 3 + T 2 + T + 2)4 (T 3 + T 2 + 2T + 1)4 × (T 3 + 2T + 1)2 (T 3 + 2T + 2)4 (T 3 + T 2 + 2)4 T 3 + 2T… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Table of PO for q = 3, O = A[ √ D], and D cubic and squarefree 14 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Table of PO for q = 3, O = A[ √ D], and D quartic and squarefree D (q = 3, deg D = 3) PO (with only leading and constant coefficients included and factorised) T 3 (j + 2T 2 (T + 1)4 ) × (j 3 + · · · + 2T 2 (T + 1)16(T 3 + T 2 + 2T + 1)4 ) T 3 + T 2 (j + 2(T + 1)2 (T + 2)4 )×(j 2 +· · ·+ (T + 1)4 (T + 2)8 (T 3 + 2T 2 +T + 1)4 ) T 3 + 2T 2 (j + 2T 4 (T + 2)2 ) × (j 3 + · · · + T 4 (T + 2)8 (T 3 + 2T + 1)4 (T… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Table of PO (all not irreducible) for q = 3, O = A[ √ D], and D cubic and not squarefree D (q = 3, deg D = 4) PO (with leading and constant coefficients included and factorised) 2T 4 + T 2 + 2 = 2(T 2 + 1)2 j × [j 2 + (T 27 + 2T 21 + 2T 19 + 2T 17 + T 15 + 2T 13 + 2T 9 + 2T 7 + T 5 )j + 2T 8 (T + 1)8 (T + 2)8 (T 2 + 1)] [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Example of PO for q = 3, O = A[ √ D], and a selected D quartic and not squarefree D (q = 3) PO (factorised, with leading and constant coefficients included) T j + 2T 2 (T + 1)4 T(T + 2)2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Table of PA[ √ D] for q = 3 and selected D to illustrate the factorisation in Theorem E 15 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Table of PO for q = 5, O = A[ √ D], and D quadratic and squarefree D (q = 2, P 2 O (with only leading and constant deg D = 3) coefficients included and factorised) T 3 + 1 j 6 + · · · + T 6 (T + 1)9 (T 3 + T 2 + 1)3 T 3 + T + 1 j 6 + · · · + T 9 (T + 1)6 (T 3 + T + 1)3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Table of P 2 O for q = 2, O = A[ √ D], and D cubic and squarefree (inseparable case) D (q = 2, deg D = 5) P 2 O (with only leading and constant coefficients included and factorised) T 5 + 1 j 14 + · · · + T 9 (T + 1)21(T 3 + T 2 + 1)3 (T 3 + T + 1)6 (T 5 + T 2 + 1)3 T 5 + T + 1 j 14 + · · · + T 21(T + 1)9 (T 3 + T + 1)3 (T 3 + T 2 + 1)6 (T 5 + T 4 + T 2 + T + 1)3 T 5 + T 2 + 1 j 14 + · · · + T 9 (T + 1)21(… view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Table of P 2 O for q = 2, O = A[ √ D], and D quintic and squarefree (inseparable case) 16 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Table of PO for q = 2 and O = A[f √ Dξ] (separable case) Acknowledgments – This project emerged under the umbrella of a GandA Research In Pairs visit of FP and PP to LB. This visit was made possible through funding from IRN GandA (CNRS) and the Department of Mathematical Sciences from Stellenbosch University, which the authors heartily thank. The authors thank Valentijn Karemaker and Mihran Papikian for u… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We prove the finiteness of the set of $j$-invariants of Drinfeld modules of rank 2 over $\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ which are CM and $S$-units, for $S$ the infinite set of primes with even degrees. The proof is based on the study of ordinary reduction and supersingular reduction of Drinfeld modules, and on the splitting behaviour of primes dividing the difference of two Drinfeld singular moduli. We also provide an algorithm to compute a polynomial with coefficients in $\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ and roots the $j$-invariants having CM by a given order, and use it to compute some explicit examples, providing for instance counterexamples to a conjecture of Dorman. For a maximal order $\mathcal{O}$, we prove by a universality argument that our algorithm computes the Hilbert modular polynomial $H_\mathcal{O}$.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript proves the finiteness of the set of j-invariants of rank-2 Drinfeld modules over F_q[T] that have complex multiplication (CM) and are S-units, where S is the infinite set of primes of even degree. The argument relies on ordinary and supersingular reduction properties together with the splitting behavior of primes dividing j1 - j2 for distinct Drinfeld singular moduli. The authors also supply an algorithm that, for a given order, outputs a polynomial over F_q[T] whose roots are the relevant j-invariants; they prove by a universality argument that this algorithm recovers the Hilbert modular polynomial H_O when the order is maximal, and they compute explicit examples that furnish counterexamples to a conjecture of Dorman.

Significance. The finiteness result for an infinite set S is a notable extension of CM theory to the function-field setting. The algorithm, its universality proof for maximal orders, and the explicit counterexamples to Dorman's conjecture constitute concrete computational and theoretical contributions that can be directly verified and built upon.

minor comments (2)
  1. The introduction should explicitly state the base field F_q and the precise definition of the set S of even-degree primes before the main theorem is formulated.
  2. In the description of the algorithm, the input format for the order O (e.g., as a basis or as a conductor) should be clarified to make the procedure reproducible from the text alone.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive assessment of the manuscript, the recognition of its contributions to CM theory in the function-field setting, and the recommendation to accept.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity in the finiteness proof or algorithm

full rationale

The paper establishes a finiteness result for CM rank-2 Drinfeld j-invariants over F_q[T] that are S-units (S = even-degree primes) via ordinary/supersingular reduction and splitting of primes dividing differences of singular moduli; these are standard external tools from CM theory for function fields and do not reduce to any fitted parameter or self-definition within the paper. The algorithm for the Hilbert modular polynomial is justified by an independent universality argument for maximal orders, with explicit examples serving only as illustrations (including counterexamples to an external conjecture of Dorman). No load-bearing step equates a claimed output to its input by construction, and the derivation remains self-contained against external number-theoretic benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract-only review; no explicit free parameters, axioms, or invented entities are identifiable from the provided text. The argument invokes standard reduction properties of Drinfeld modules presumed known in the field.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5679 in / 1175 out tokens · 28079 ms · 2026-06-27T23:56:43.532832+00:00 · methodology

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