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arxiv: 2606.10234 · v1 · pith:2J4BSASBnew · submitted 2026-06-08 · ✦ hep-ex · physics.ins-det

Performance of the Eos detector with water

Eos Collaboration: S. Arora , M. Askins , A. J. Bacon , Z. Bagdasarian , A. Baldoni , L. Bartoszek , M. Bergevin , Y. Bezawada
show 58 more authors
E. Blucher J. Boissevain R. Bonventre E. J. Callaghan D. F. Cowen K. DeHolton M. Diwan M. Dubnowski P. Englezos S. Gadamsetty C. Grant B. Harris M. R. Hebert S. Jeon T. Kaptanoglu A. Katt J. R. Klein T. Kroupova L. Lebanowski S. Lynch A. Mastbaum C. Mauger G. Mayers M. Miller J. Nachtman S. Naugle J. Newby M. Newcomer A. Nikolica G. D. Orebi Gann A. Phipps L. Pickard R. C. Pitelka L. Ren A. Rincon R. Rosero N. Rowe H. J. Ryoo J. Ryshkewitch J. Saba S. Schoppmann J. Shen M. Smiley H. Song H. Steiger B. Tam E. Tiras W. H. To M. R. Vagins R. Van Berg J. Wallig G. Wendel M. Wetstein M. Wurm G. Yang M. Yeh E. D. Zimmerman A. Zummo
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-27 14:14 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ex physics.ins-det
keywords Eos detectorhybrid neutrino detectorCherenkov lightwater calibrationdetector performancereconstruction algorithmsscintillation technologyneutrino experiment
0
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The pith

The Eos detector's water data agrees with simulations calibrated from multiple optical and radioactive sources at varied positions and rotations.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper reports the first results from the Eos four-tonne optical detector while both vessels are filled with water. The water acts as a calibration medium that produces only Cherenkov light, enabling tests of the detector model and reconstruction algorithms before scintillator is introduced. Deployed sources support detailed calibrations that allow direct comparison of data to simulations using those calibrated models. A sympathetic reader cares because this establishes a controlled baseline for hybrid detector technology intended for future neutrino experiments.

Core claim

The Eos detector, operating with water, permits a series of calibrations with optical and radioactive sources that constrain the detector response. Simulations that incorporate these calibrated models are compared to data collected across different calibration source types, source positions, and rotations, showing agreement that validates the performance of the hybrid detector approach.

What carries the argument

Deployed optical and radioactive calibration sources that constrain the detector response model in water, supporting direct data-to-simulation comparisons.

If this is right

  • The detector response model is ready for scintillator deployment without major residual systematics from the water phase.
  • Reconstruction algorithms tested on Cherenkov events can be extended to scintillator events.
  • Hybrid detector performance is demonstrated in a controlled medium before full operation.
  • Systematics established here can be propagated to later neutrino detection studies.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same source-based calibration sequence could reduce optical uncertainties in other hybrid detectors before scintillator fill.
  • Agreement in water isolates the effects of the medium itself, which may help separate scintillation-specific properties in follow-on tests.
  • If the model holds, larger-scale hybrid detectors could adopt similar pre-calibration steps to limit overall systematics in neutrino measurements.

Load-bearing premise

The water target produces only well-understood Cherenkov light with no significant unmodeled backgrounds or optical effects.

What would settle it

A persistent mismatch between data and calibrated simulations for one or more source configurations that exceeds expected uncertainties.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.10234 by A. Baldoni, A. J. Bacon, A. Katt, A. Mastbaum, A. Nikolica, A. Phipps, A. Rincon, A. Zummo, B. Harris, B. Tam, C. Grant, C. Mauger, D. F. Cowen, E. Blucher, E. D. Zimmerman, E. J. Callaghan, Eos Collaboration: S. Arora, E. Tiras, G. D. Orebi Gann, G. Mayers, G. Wendel, G. Yang, H. J. Ryoo, H. Song, H. Steiger, J. Boissevain, J. Nachtman, J. Newby, J. R. Klein, J. Ryshkewitch, J. Saba, J. Shen, J. Wallig, K. DeHolton, L. Bartoszek, L. Lebanowski, L. Pickard, L. Ren, M. Askins, M. Bergevin, M. Diwan, M. Dubnowski, M. Miller, M. Newcomer, M. R. Hebert, M. R. Vagins, M. Smiley, M. Wetstein, M. Wurm, M. Yeh, N. Rowe, P. Englezos, R. Bonventre, R. C. Pitelka, R. Rosero, R. Van Berg, S. Gadamsetty, S. Jeon, S. Lynch, S. Naugle, S. Schoppmann, T. Kaptanoglu, T. Kroupova, W. H. To, Y. Bezawada, Z. Bagdasarian.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. A schematic of the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. A picture of the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. The [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. (Left) An example digitized waveform from pickup that passes the 5-mV hit threshold, collected [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. (Left) A schematic of the 30 mm directional source that shows the internal components necessary [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6. (Left) The [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7. (Left) The [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: FIG. 8. (Left) The time-difference between the prompt and delayed events for a central AmBe run, shown [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p024_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: FIG. 9. (Left) The time difference between selected cosmic muons and the Michel electron followers, which [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p025_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: FIG. 10. (Left) The laserball time-residuals for all PMTs in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p027_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: FIG. 11. (Left) The data to simulation comparison for a central 408 nm laserball run after applying the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p028_11.png] view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: FIG. 12. The trigger efficiency as a function of the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p030_12.png] view at source ↗
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: FIG. 13. The [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p031_13.png] view at source ↗
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: FIG. 14. (Left) The time-residuals for the central thorium source data and MC, using [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p034_14.png] view at source ↗
Figure 15
Figure 15. Figure 15: FIG. 15. (Top left) The mean [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p035_15.png] view at source ↗
Figure 16
Figure 16. Figure 16: FIG. 16. (Left) Data and simulation comparison for the occupancy of dichroicon PMTs at different wave [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p037_16.png] view at source ↗
Figure 17
Figure 17. Figure 17: FIG. 17. Reconstructed [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p039_17.png] view at source ↗
Figure 18
Figure 18. Figure 18: FIG. 18. The bias (left) and resolution (right) for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p040_18.png] view at source ↗
Figure 19
Figure 19. Figure 19: FIG. 19. The data minus the simulation for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p041_19.png] view at source ↗
Figure 20
Figure 20. Figure 20: FIG. 20. The reconstructed position distributions, using [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p043_20.png] view at source ↗
Figure 21
Figure 21. Figure 21: FIG. 21. The reconstructed [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p044_21.png] view at source ↗
Figure 22
Figure 22. Figure 22: FIG. 22. The [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p045_22.png] view at source ↗
Figure 23
Figure 23. Figure 23: In general, the data and simulation agreement is good and the χ 2/NDF values for the 90Sr 30 mm source (downward), 106Ru 30 mm source (downward), 106Ru 20 mm source (downward), and 106Ru 30 mm source (sideways) are 1.8/7, 1.9/7, 2.1/7, and 1.7/7, respectively. Across these results we find that the agreement between the data and simulation is well within the goal of 0.1 on α1σ, regardless of the source typ… view at source ↗
Figure 24
Figure 24. Figure 24: FIG. 24. The [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p047_24.png] view at source ↗
Figure 25
Figure 25. Figure 25: FIG. 25. The bias (left) and resolution (right) for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p051_25.png] view at source ↗
Figure 26
Figure 26. Figure 26: FIG. 26. The bias (left) and resolution (right) for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p052_26.png] view at source ↗
Figure 27
Figure 27. Figure 27: FIG. 27. The bias (left) and resolution (right) for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p053_27.png] view at source ↗
Figure 28
Figure 28. Figure 28: FIG. 28. The bias (left) and resolution (right) for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p054_28.png] view at source ↗
Figure 29
Figure 29. Figure 29: FIG. 29. The data minus the simulation for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p055_29.png] view at source ↗
Figure 30
Figure 30. Figure 30: FIG. 30. The data minus the simulation for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p055_30.png] view at source ↗
Figure 31
Figure 31. Figure 31: FIG. 31. The data minus the simulation for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p056_31.png] view at source ↗
Figure 32
Figure 32. Figure 32: FIG. 32. The data minus the simulation for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p056_32.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

In this manuscript we present the first results from Eos, a four tonne optical detector located at the University of California, Berkeley. The primary goal of Eos is to demonstrate the performance capabilities of scintillation-based, 'hybrid' detector technology for future neutrino detectors. The data presented were collected while both the inner target vessel and the outer buffer vessel were filled with water. The water target acts as a well-understood medium that produces only Cherenkov light, which can be used to calibrate and develop the detector model and reconstruction algorithms prior to the deployment of scintillating material. Using deployed optical and radioactive calibration sources, a series of detailed detector calibrations are performed. These enable a suite of tests for various reconstruction algorithms. Simulations that use calibrated models are compared with the data across a variety of different types of calibration sources, source positions, and rotations.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports the first results from the Eos four-tonne optical detector at UC Berkeley, operated with water in the inner target and outer buffer vessels. It describes performing detailed calibrations using deployed optical and radioactive sources to develop the detector model and reconstruction algorithms, followed by comparisons of calibrated simulations to data across multiple source types, positions, and rotations. The water phase serves as a preparatory step using well-understood Cherenkov light before scintillator deployment in hybrid neutrino detectors.

Significance. If the reported simulation-data comparisons hold with good agreement, this provides a necessary benchmark for the detector response model in a Cherenkov-only medium. Such validation is standard and load-bearing for commissioning hybrid detectors, as it tests the robustness of calibrations and algorithms across varied configurations prior to introducing scintillation effects.

major comments (1)
  1. Abstract: the description of the calibration workflow and comparison to simulation supplies no quantitative results, error bars, or data figures; this prevents assessment of whether the claimed agreements between calibrated simulations and data are actually achieved or statistically meaningful.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful review and constructive feedback on our manuscript. We address the single major comment below.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: Abstract: the description of the calibration workflow and comparison to simulation supplies no quantitative results, error bars, or data figures; this prevents assessment of whether the claimed agreements between calibrated simulations and data are actually achieved or statistically meaningful.

    Authors: We agree that the abstract would benefit from quantitative indicators of the data-simulation agreement to allow readers to assess the strength of the validation. In the revised manuscript we will expand the abstract to include specific metrics (e.g., position and energy resolution values with uncertainties, and representative agreement levels such as pull distributions or χ^{2} per degree of freedom) drawn from the results already presented in the body of the paper. This change is straightforward and does not alter any scientific conclusions. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity

full rationale

This is an experimental calibration report on the Eos water-phase commissioning. The central claim is that deployed sources enable comparison of calibrated simulations to data across source types, positions, and rotations. No equations, fitted parameters, or derivations are presented; the work is descriptive and preparatory for later scintillator deployment. The assumption that water produces only well-understood Cherenkov light is standard and externally falsifiable, with no self-citation chains, self-definitional loops, or fitted inputs renamed as predictions. The derivation chain is therefore self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract-only review yields no identifiable free parameters, axioms, or invented entities; typical detector papers of this type introduce fitted optical response parameters and assume standard Cherenkov physics, but none are specified here.

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