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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis

As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 45 of 45 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2606.19183.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2606.19183 v1

Coverage vector

measured 45 of 45 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z

measured 45 of 45 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

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measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

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Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

45 of 45 outbound references displayed

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  • verified fuzzy0
  • unresolved40
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch1

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Outbound references

Observation f1082a4a-b03c-46ff-b40b-151945f22830 · outbound

This paper cites Reust and Amy Williams.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Reust and Amy Williams

Reference 1

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Observation 89a04cc7-b5ed-40c4-9b71-c6aae73dac96 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

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Observation df8670e7-9cb9-4802-acb9-bda04bd086ec · outbound

This paper cites Acute appendicitis in young children less than 5 years: Review article.Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 43(1):15, 2017.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Acute appendicitis in young children less than 5 years: Review article.Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 43(1):15, 2017

Reference 3

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Observation fcd248f3-2506-4f8a-8617-08d51a078624 · outbound

This paper cites Quigley and Samuel Stafrace.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Quigley and Samuel Stafrace

Reference 4

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Observation f511ced7-6c89-4566-b32c-ced6e0ca09be · outbound

This paper cites Mangona, R.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Mangona, R

Reference 5

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Observation c6c8d4df-641a-49ec-9778-275507fdeb95 · outbound

This paper cites Shah, Kelly A.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Shah, Kelly A

Reference 6

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Observation 9a9bea36-93c4-44d8-a823-b71f468a8b34 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

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Observation 12a832b5-bd52-42f4-a622-2e81a9b73cca · outbound

This paper cites Machine-learning based prediction of ap- pendicitis for patients presenting with acute abdominal pain at the emergency department.World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 19:40, 2024.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Machine-learning based prediction of ap- pendicitis for patients presenting with acute abdominal pain at the emergency department.World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 19:40, 2024

Reference 8

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Observation 7ba0dd36-f17f-4523-a00d-cfc8868d7cc6 · outbound

This paper cites Finlayson, Adarsh Subbaswamy, Karandeep Singh, John Bowers, Annabel Kupke, Jonathan Zittrain, Isaac S.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Finlayson, Adarsh Subbaswamy, Karandeep Singh, John Bowers, Annabel Kupke, Jonathan Zittrain, Isaac S

Reference 9

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Observation 2d2078e8-446b-4104-b33f-529826da7c31 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

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Observation ea835873-49da-4a90-a400-8f4d6ad81aaa · outbound

This paper cites Glicksberg, and Eyal Klang.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Glicksberg, and Eyal Klang

Reference 11

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Observation 6dbe8ed1-7a95-4e9f-8b72-c9c44827a9ec · outbound

This paper cites Large language models in medicine.Nature Medicine, 29(8):1930–1940, 2023.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Large language models in medicine.Nature Medicine, 29(8):1930–1940, 2023

Reference 12

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Observation 11e72cf8-913d-47b9-a894-a839015d7378 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluation and mitigation of the limitations of large language models in clinical decision-making.Nature Medicine, 30(9):2613–2622, September 2024.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Evaluation and mitigation of the limitations of large language models in clinical decision-making.Nature Medicine, 30(9):2613–2622, September 2024

Reference 13

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Observation cec7d511-f1ed-4e84-b85d-6a39df7c9b9e · outbound

This paper cites Benefits, limits, and risks of GPT-4 as an AI chatbot for medicine.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Benefits, limits, and risks of GPT-4 as an AI chatbot for medicine

Reference 14

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Observation 2d3cdf43-5ce3-4bd9-a1a9-5120e1741ec2 · outbound

This paper cites Xgboost: A scalable tree boosting system.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Xgboost: A scalable tree boosting system

Reference 15

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Observation c8d4200b-66c1-4b3e-a336-91b4c6d3d7db · outbound

This paper cites Food and Drug Administration, Health Canada, and Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Food and Drug Administration, Health Canada, and Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency

Reference 16

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Observation d2a3059a-5bd2-4071-bbab-6b506cb33185 · outbound

This paper cites SECNLP: A Survey of Embeddings in Clinical Natural Language Processing.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis SECNLP: A Survey of Embeddings in Clinical Natural Language Processing

Reference 17

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Observation 30f32e1d-d33e-44e5-a357-a2828eb3b3df · outbound

This paper cites O’Donnell, Rainu Kaushal, Yolanda Barrón, Mark A.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis O’Donnell, Rainu Kaushal, Yolanda Barrón, Mark A

Reference 18

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Observation 9500c018-e2f0-4529-9313-5897ac3292da · outbound

This paper cites Hirschtick.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Hirschtick

Reference 19

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Observation 44efe296-8d06-4385-82b2-2b543cd51e71 · outbound

This paper cites Radiomics in medical imaging: Methods, applications, and challenges.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Radiomics in medical imaging: Methods, applications, and challenges

Reference 20

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z digest=sha256:b57da22b4cbba588855ffd3daf1f83c2e25bf1358c890dcca11f5c408e848110

Observation 1b14c9ab-ee6a-4fa4-ad78-4b7c72a6a031 · outbound

This paper cites A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Annals of Emergency Medicine, 15(5):557–564, 1986.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Annals of Emergency Medicine, 15(5):557–564, 1986

Reference 21

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Observation dcea3a60-550c-4c04-a3bb-425a8945abed · outbound

This paper cites Pediatric appendicitis score.Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 37(6):877–881, June 2002.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Pediatric appendicitis score.Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 37(6):877–881, June 2002

Reference 22

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Observation 4165028d-acdd-4f4b-8c4c-d5f1b78756f1 · outbound

This paper cites Weber, Matti Tolonen, Arianna Birindelli, Walter Biffl, Ernest E.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Weber, Matti Tolonen, Arianna Birindelli, Walter Biffl, Ernest E

Reference 23

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Observation 48a29c8c-7151-46e8-8224-3ba00a5ed37d · outbound

This paper cites Artificial intelligence for predicting acute appendicitis: A systematic review.ANZ Journal of Surgery, 93(9):2070–2078, 2023.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Artificial intelligence for predicting acute appendicitis: A systematic review.ANZ Journal of Surgery, 93(9):2070–2078, 2023

Reference 24

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Observation e8a61141-3508-41ba-bf64-e378cf483318 · outbound

This paper cites Hilbert, Vivien Rimili, Sven Wellmann, Chris- tian Knorr, Bertram Reingruber, Julia E.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Hilbert, Vivien Rimili, Sven Wellmann, Chris- tian Knorr, Bertram Reingruber, Julia E

Reference 25

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Observation 22046fd3-3d61-47f0-ab74-40ddf16dc387 · outbound

This paper cites Capabilities of GPT-4 on Medical Challenge Problems.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Capabilities of GPT-4 on Medical Challenge Problems

Reference 26

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Observation 7ae93d2c-c816-4876-beb0-9079ea0e1d94 · outbound

This paper cites Pfohl, Heather Cole-Lewis, Darlene Neal, Qazi Mamunur Rashid, Mike Schaekermann, Amy Wang, Dev Dash, Jonathan H.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Pfohl, Heather Cole-Lewis, Darlene Neal, Qazi Mamunur Rashid, Mike Schaekermann, Amy Wang, Dev Dash, Jonathan H

Reference 27

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Observation 8eb27cd3-9733-4015-8452-95fc20e5ede7 · outbound

This paper cites Cool, Zahir Kanjee, Andrew S.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Cool, Zahir Kanjee, Andrew S

Reference 28

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Observation 9a6b4124-239f-40de-9ef9-2a20be83a232 · outbound

This paper cites Langlotz, Jason Hom, Sergios Gatidis, John Pauly, and Akshay S.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Langlotz, Jason Hom, Sergios Gatidis, John Pauly, and Akshay S

Reference 29

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Observation e131ea2a-1872-4434-9bdf-03e93b4fd5ec · outbound

This paper cites Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) in healthcare: A comprehensive review.AI, 6(9):226, 2025.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) in healthcare: A comprehensive review.AI, 6(9):226, 2025

Reference 30

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Observation 7ded93e1-f097-4ab3-8700-e5991f81608e · outbound

This paper cites Benchmarking large language models in retrieval- augmented generation.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Benchmarking large language models in retrieval- augmented generation

Reference 31

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Observation dd13d08e-eb21-4685-8d0a-d5d6b1d879f1 · outbound

This paper cites Prompt perturbation in retrieval- augmented generation based large language models.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Prompt perturbation in retrieval- augmented generation based large language models

Reference 32

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Observation daac2f7d-4c29-4ab9-aa5e-5f44726fb15a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

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Observation c0544543-b8fc-4edc-aca2-92e43722ffd8 · outbound

This paper cites Data-to-text summarisation of patient records: Using computer-generated summaries to access patient histories.Patient Education and Counseling, 92(2):153–159, 2013.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Data-to-text summarisation of patient records: Using computer-generated summaries to access patient histories.Patient Education and Counseling, 92(2):153–159, 2013

Reference 34

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Observation a399bc19-fa0c-4a30-be89-dc207b1e71cf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

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Observation d5c43936-71b7-4501-bab7-cb93cd3130a9 · outbound

This paper cites Lee, Sujay Jain, Alex Chen, Kyoka Ono, Arabdha Biswas, Ákos Rudas, Jennifer Fang, and Jeffrey N.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Lee, Sujay Jain, Alex Chen, Kyoka Ono, Arabdha Biswas, Ákos Rudas, Jennifer Fang, and Jeffrey N

Reference 36

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no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z digest=sha256:a6203e1b7b3bd0aa1ab669bd595265e7360f6395f1195053de7639a4ba9ed252

Observation 059deb63-de58-4bf1-aab3-ff0969aa4be7 · outbound

This paper cites SimSUM – simulated benchmark with structured and unstructured medical records.Journal of Biomedical Semantics, 16(1):20, 2025.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis SimSUM – simulated benchmark with structured and unstructured medical records.Journal of Biomedical Semantics, 16(1):20, 2025

Reference 37

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z digest=sha256:aee8ad9677a2437a37cf9b312a995acc17651e70d7c7d15fdb302a4c49b08897

Observation c7181cb5-4ff1-4182-9510-4f7c44b1854e · outbound

This paper cites MedGemma Technical Report.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis MedGemma Technical Report

Reference 38

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metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-04T00:29:16.659904Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z digest=sha256:78869cfe3276357b1067c549c3fd475217b45d45b2ef8b940ad8cfbecc3dc4d8

Observation 1ea14d90-dc58-4666-9325-3a29d25fdf26 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 39

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verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-04T00:29:16.662370Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z digest=sha256:b418e3e894b08abeab263453cc45d0d2335ba8890418e809f1a388ef7091c1af

Observation 3f03fa46-9163-44d1-8025-5e7859c6b7dd · outbound

This paper cites GPT-5.5 system card.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis GPT-5.5 system card

Reference 40

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z digest=sha256:04791c34d21ee1c8aced4a3fd94fb45db4d32c425735f9a2e66c110950a726b0

Observation bc4e326b-0cce-4b93-b236-00606313466d · outbound

This paper cites OpenAI o3 and o4-mini system card.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis OpenAI o3 and o4-mini system card

Reference 41

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no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z digest=sha256:a06b5efdbf2e6fe5556912bb909bde78865c4429e15572d4912466523905030c

Observation 564fae3b-11de-4ff1-bf67-cd218d8c1a29 · outbound

This paper cites Claude Opus 4.7 system card.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Claude Opus 4.7 system card

Reference 42

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z digest=sha256:112cdc231739acda528eb51046b3311e907359f4ccb86996e2194ad6927fe839

Observation fb31d4cf-dbd4-4082-bf1b-79dae206e98c · outbound

This paper cites Openassistant conversations-democratizing large language model alignment.Advances in neural information processing systems, 36:47669–47681, 2023.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Openassistant conversations-democratizing large language model alignment.Advances in neural information processing systems, 36:47669–47681, 2023

Reference 43

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z digest=sha256:b0b7f5a1c947f1fc770bf9b200e958cd4cb0025771e2f9546f478cb371eee769

Observation 5d3229d1-4fc7-4a7f-91b9-288c06d990dd · outbound

This paper cites Fleming, Michael A.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Fleming, Michael A

Reference 44

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z digest=sha256:40a04c4781f1c0cd73be0109bd22589950c45b45b0028dc76a319978d9ae8f3b

Observation 3e1adfe5-3043-40a1-abc5-8395b19db145 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models in healthcare and medical applications: A review.Bioengineering, 12(6):631, 2025.

Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis Large language models in healthcare and medical applications: A review.Bioengineering, 12(6):631, 2025

Reference 45

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no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-26T21:08:16.712236Z digest=sha256:b2fe2b4adee03d14a598b16d3f7353c4b657e01d933d0bc9a1a30bb5b278313f

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.