Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches

As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 26 of 26 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2606.19982.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2606.19982 v1

Coverage vector

measured 26 of 26 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

measured 26 of 26 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00

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Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

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measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

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Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

26 of 26 outbound references displayed

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External citation measurements

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Outbound references

Observation bffb4b6d-5dee-4e8b-b1ef-842397217cf6 · outbound

This paper cites Regression models and life-tables.J R Stat Soc, Ser B (Methodol), 34(2):187–202, 1972.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Regression models and life-tables.J R Stat Soc, Ser B (Methodol), 34(2):187–202, 1972

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation a28bfa28-bd7c-4da9-b859-1b59117d04c0 · outbound

This paper cites The hazards of hazard ratios.Epidemiology, 21(1):13–15, 2010.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches The hazards of hazard ratios.Epidemiology, 21(1):13–15, 2010

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation 31df3d08-696c-4d6b-ab02-fc49ab97189c · outbound

This paper cites Quantifying biases in causal models: classical confounding vs collider- stratification bias.Epidemiology, 14(3):300–306, 2003.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Quantifying biases in causal models: classical confounding vs collider- stratification bias.Epidemiology, 14(3):300–306, 2003

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation bd8a6764-b924-4dc1-85f4-5227ed27274e · outbound

This paper cites Simulating survival data using the simsurv R package.J Stat Software, 97:1–27, 2021.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Simulating survival data using the simsurv R package.J Stat Software, 97:1–27, 2021

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation 301e1a1e-53dc-4f57-9be7-f9e4d064be0b · outbound

This paper cites A tutorial on frailty models.Stat Meth Med Res, 29(11):3424–3454, 2020.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches A tutorial on frailty models.Stat Meth Med Res, 29(11):3424–3454, 2020

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation 8d0fee9b-591f-4402-b4d7-a8dd4716291c · outbound

This paper cites Why use methods that require proportional hazards?Am J Epidemiol, 194(6):1504–1506, 2025.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Why use methods that require proportional hazards?Am J Epidemiol, 194(6):1504–1506, 2025

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation d09e5483-be2e-4efd-bb70-bfbfaa3fde03 · outbound

This paper cites Duration of androgen deprivation in locally advanced prostate cancer: long-term update of NRG oncology RTOG 9202.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 98(2):296–303, 2017.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Duration of androgen deprivation in locally advanced prostate cancer: long-term update of NRG oncology RTOG 9202.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 98(2):296–303, 2017

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation a9bfff1c-b50a-43c9-abca-88682dd6e296 · outbound

This paper cites Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation b4495e74-9630-4ac6-bd61-60cbada25738 · outbound

This paper cites The built-in selection bias of hazard ratios formalized using structural causal models.Lifetime Data Anal, 30(2):404–438, 2024.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches The built-in selection bias of hazard ratios formalized using structural causal models.Lifetime Data Anal, 30(2):404–438, 2024

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation 858be98d-19a2-4a60-bcf4-887c84fd068a · outbound

This paper cites Does Cox analysis of a randomized survival study yield a causal treatment effect?Lifetime Data Anal, 21(4):579–593, 2015.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Does Cox analysis of a randomized survival study yield a causal treatment effect?Lifetime Data Anal, 21(4):579–593, 2015

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation 01956520-ea81-4ef5-975d-c7b89b6476d6 · outbound

This paper cites Misspecified proportional hazard models.Biometrika, 73(2):363–369, 1986.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Misspecified proportional hazard models.Biometrika, 73(2):363–369, 1986

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation ae55fb79-d889-4880-a627-333a5699d2e0 · outbound

This paper cites Making apples from oranges: comparing noncollapsible effect estimators and their standard errors after adjustment for different covariate sets.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Making apples from oranges: comparing noncollapsible effect estimators and their standard errors after adjustment for different covariate sets

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation cce7c76c-09c8-4f73-95f5-a856d4d3223c · outbound

This paper cites Assumption-lean Cox regression.J Am Stat Assoc, 119(545):475–484, 2024.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Assumption-lean Cox regression.J Am Stat Assoc, 119(545):475–484, 2024

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation e6e11dc1-deb2-4c6b-a397-4a798617137a · outbound

This paper cites Consistency and efficiency of regression coefficient estimates in location-scale models.Biometrika, 75(3):535–540, 1988.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Consistency and efficiency of regression coefficient estimates in location-scale models.Biometrika, 75(3):535–540, 1988

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation c9799ab7-2ae9-4454-b4ef-5c0c6872824d · outbound

This paper cites A flexible parametric accelerated failure time model and the extension to time-dependent acceleration factors.Biostatistics, 24(3):811– 831, 2023.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches A flexible parametric accelerated failure time model and the extension to time-dependent acceleration factors.Biostatistics, 24(3):811– 831, 2023

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation 3b75c7ab-7f28-491a-96be-87f346a4469f · outbound

This paper cites The impact of heterogeneity in individual frailty on the dynamics of mortality.Demography, 16(3):439–454, 1979.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches The impact of heterogeneity in individual frailty on the dynamics of mortality.Demography, 16(3):439–454, 1979

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation 1b69b1ff-ef23-4e8d-bf3c-4a68c39806f8 · outbound

This paper cites Maximum penalized likelihood estimation in a gamma-frailty model.Lifetime Data Anal, 9(2):139–153, 2003.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Maximum penalized likelihood estimation in a gamma-frailty model.Lifetime Data Anal, 9(2):139–153, 2003

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation 4f30af7f-e23e-46ab-8bd1-b497ed420356 · outbound

This paper cites The Cox model.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches The Cox model

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation 422f7b58-4114-467f-9465-d57f9b728af2 · outbound

This paper cites Why test for proportional hazards?J Am Med Assoc, 323(14):1401–1402, 2020.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Why test for proportional hazards?J Am Med Assoc, 323(14):1401–1402, 2020

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation af60b756-2409-4b68-bbd4-937b5b63ea28 · outbound

This paper cites Tutorial: survival estimation for Cox regression models with time-varying coefficients using SAS and R.J Stat Software, 61:1–23, 2014.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Tutorial: survival estimation for Cox regression models with time-varying coefficients using SAS and R.J Stat Software, 61:1–23, 2014

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation d933aaaf-ce85-4082-b77a-362fd1d7c775 · outbound

This paper cites URL https://CRAN.R- project.org/package=survival.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches URL https://CRAN.R- project.org/package=survival

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation 2b6b4840-7175-4e63-9d3c-824c1a615a9c · outbound

This paper cites URL https://cran.r- project.org/package=eha.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches URL https://cran.r- project.org/package=eha

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation 3d48f7b1-82e2-4768-a0be-f25ae731831f · outbound

This paper cites URL https://cran.r-project.org/package=rstpm2.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches URL https://cran.r-project.org/package=rstpm2

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation 69b48ac3-42dd-4081-8ae0-495adada0454 · outbound

This paper cites URL https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=frailtypack.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches URL https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=frailtypack

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation 0da2502a-3f71-4b66-aa96-8d6493105b34 · outbound

This paper cites Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, 2023.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, 2023

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Observation cb51404b-8047-444e-b7f9-9f88dc09f1b7 · outbound

This paper cites Springer, New York, 2007.

Built-in Selection Bias in Proportional Hazards Models with Omitted Covariates: Simulation Evidence and Alternative Approaches Springer, New York, 2007

Reference 26

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T16:34:48.452389Z

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Pith citing papers

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