Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 42 of 42 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2606.23042.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2606.23042 v1

Coverage vector

measured 42 of 42 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

measured 42 of 42 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

42 of 42 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy0
unresolved37
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch2

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation e32b8cb3-9874-4cb1-be14-10d3ad40aa9d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 0fd7e570-580d-45b7-975e-9856042789ef · outbound

This paper cites (1957).An Economic Theory of Democracy.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel (1957).An Economic Theory of Democracy

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation fe9117e5-5426-416d-89ac-f91546991d52 · outbound

This paper cites T., & Rosenthal, H.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel T., & Rosenthal, H

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation cb0508a1-847d-4968-9055-f6de7f9b999e · outbound

This paper cites (2001).Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments, 1945–1998.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel (2001).Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments, 1945–1998

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation f51bd678-445b-470d-b7be-46c966767414 · outbound

This paper cites (2006).Mapping Policy Preferences II: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments in Eastern Europe, European Union and OECD 1990–2003.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel (2006).Mapping Policy Preferences II: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments in Eastern Europe, European Union and OECD 1990–2003

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation dc8d4eca-6fce-478c-8833-a08e6b4e0912 · outbound

This paper cites (2021).The Manifesto Project Dataset (MARPOR), V ersion 2021a.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel (2021).The Manifesto Project Dataset (MARPOR), V ersion 2021a

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 2426a86f-c83b-42b1-8198-82a77e099c35 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation b64847cd-ad2f-4f84-8c8e-ececa6028011 · outbound

This paper cites B., & Proksch, S.-O.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel B., & Proksch, S.-O

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 4223752e-b023-46c5-8cb8-79057e291e5d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation eaab67bf-34f4-4bdf-b15d-9bb0a67ea75b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 6117cea6-d14b-4b17-80b2-5e670099cd0e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation ca90d712-401e-41e3-b394-08aa71d1100c · outbound

This paper cites E., & Stewart, B.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel E., & Stewart, B

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 34e35c77-4854-4cd8-b814-517faf1be527 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 6f85b9c0-353b-4861-80fa-989474ac621f · outbound

This paper cites (2006).Party Policy in Modern Democracies.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel (2006).Party Policy in Modern Democracies

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation ee61b749-a3fd-4331-81d4-c34210b29a71 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 40014399-61d0-4f5c-9d12-fb51ec4e53be · outbound

This paper cites H., Lindberg, S.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel H., Lindberg, S

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 545ee8df-dcec-4aff-bb9c-8ae95f24c0f9 · outbound

This paper cites L., T zelgov, E., W ang, Y.-T., Krusell, J., & Miri, F.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel L., T zelgov, E., W ang, Y.-T., Krusell, J., & Miri, F

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation f24a0728-f120-4d0b-be26-a7ea49acbdaf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 27d86518-6609-4686-b48e-598966d9e2a9 · outbound

This paper cites H., & McKelvey, R.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel H., & McKelvey, R

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 39498676-2f2e-47dc-9acb-64930f6681ff · outbound

This paper cites A., Bakker, R., Carroll, R., & Poole, K.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel A., Bakker, R., Carroll, R., & Poole, K

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 3e82fdf0-df77-4c27-8b56-9b16c007d11f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 27e892b8-5115-49c5-a927-af038d0a724d · outbound

This paper cites ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T12:39:49.403028Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation bd98da38-16c3-432e-a20d-4656380235a5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation de043efc-4110-4a25-aaff-0f1d876ab016 · outbound

This paper cites Automated Annotation with Generative AI Requires Validation.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Automated Annotation with Generative AI Requires Validation

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T12:39:49.405965Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 5c7b5760-c597-4e98-be56-f5c6eb28c3b0 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models Can Be Used to Estimate the Latent Positions of Politicians.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Large Language Models Can Be Used to Estimate the Latent Positions of Politicians

Reference 25

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c2355e18-89c5-4ecc-8714-ffe409e246e5 · outbound

This paper cites Positioning Political Texts with Large Language Models by Asking and Averaging.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Positioning Political Texts with Large Language Models by Asking and Averaging

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T12:39:49.400413Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 9d59c606-532b-4e38-9445-ff34b87932ed · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 31a2fcd9-9ab5-4189-badd-92cfed223ca5 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Measuring the Representation of Subjective Global Opinions in Language Models.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Towards Measuring the Representation of Subjective Global Opinions in Language Models

Reference 28

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 9d2e31fd-fc3a-4d33-a43e-60dc39d4ff8f · outbound

This paper cites J., Park, P.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel J., Park, P

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation a4028603-1346-4020-a879-96f484c215f9 · outbound

This paper cites Y., Liu, Y., & T svetkov, Y.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Y., Liu, Y., & T svetkov, Y

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 1631630a-23fc-468f-b777-aa95fb256329 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation e1635f70-488a-49ec-a720-88a97f2ed762 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation c201f9fc-a2f4-4166-88fe-07f90a9708a6 · outbound

This paper cites P., Busby, E.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel P., Busby, E

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation b8f45e48-e4d5-4568-885f-5b7132b0c2a5 · outbound

This paper cites D., Dorff, C., Kenkel, B., & Larson, J.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel D., Dorff, C., Kenkel, B., & Larson, J

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation ab433693-6336-4592-9fb1-8f26fb83557d · outbound

This paper cites M., Gebru, T., McMillan-Major, A., & Shmitchell, S.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel M., Gebru, T., McMillan-Major, A., & Shmitchell, S

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation db179d75-f69f-43f4-84d0-60d1192fc652 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation a0caec38-4c00-44ab-baf7-60baffb06fa5 · outbound

This paper cites (2019).Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology(4th ed.).

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel (2019).Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology(4th ed.)

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 9c938d7f-b738-47a3-bba2-5473bd2e5fab · outbound

This paper cites F., & Krippendorff, K.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel F., & Krippendorff, K

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 8dad73de-17f4-447c-afbd-5546eb96fa16 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 002e2ac3-c7b8-41fa-81a2-ffe978f1358b · outbound

This paper cites (2016).The New Arab W ars: Uprisings and Anarchy in the Middle East.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel (2016).The New Arab W ars: Uprisings and Anarchy in the Middle East

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation 411126e8-2969-4aaa-b2e2-6feccb83e013 · outbound

This paper cites (2001).Syria: Revolution from Above.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel (2001).Syria: Revolution from Above

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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Observation c360464d-24f6-4dc7-911b-3a4b5e726b5a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-26T06:23:58.873694Z

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