pith. sign in

arxiv: 2606.31857 · v1 · pith:KTTM5FDZnew · submitted 2026-06-30 · 💻 cs.IR

An Open-Source Tool for Reproducible Freeway Network Extraction from OpenStreetMap

Drew Miller , Cathy Wu This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-07-01 03:43 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 💻 cs.IR
keywords freeway network extractionOpenStreetMaptraffic simulationreproducible workflowsopen-source toolnetwork preparationOSM data cleaningcorridor validation
0
0 comments X

The pith

An open-source tool extracts freeway networks from OpenStreetMap via an extract-first-then-validate workflow that requires roughly one-third the analyst effort of manual ramp encoding.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper introduces a tool that pulls corridor-specific freeway data from OpenStreetMap, cleans recurring data problems, converts it to a compact station-referenced format, and supplies visual inspection plus validation steps against both OSM and aerial imagery. It demonstrates the workflow on prototype corridors and then on 359.6 miles in Orange County, where processing averaged 41 seconds per mile. The central point is that manual, corridor-by-corridor network building has been the main bottleneck for large-scale freeway simulation, and this automated path with built-in checks makes preparation scalable and reproducible. A sympathetic reader cares because consistent network inputs would let more studies run at regional scale without starting from scratch each time. If the extraction logic holds up, OSM becomes a practical default source for many traffic studies in well-mapped areas.

Core claim

The tool supplies a complete workflow—corridor querying, extraction logic that resolves inconsistent route references, ambiguous interchange paths, managed-lane interference, and ramp classification problems, plus frontend visual inspection and dual validation—that turns OSM data into simulation-ready freeway networks. On tested corridors the extract-first-then-validate sequence needed about one-third the effort of manual ramp encoding from scratch, and deployment across Orange County showed OSM sufficiently accurate for many freeway traffic studies.

What carries the argument

The extraction logic that resolves inconsistent route references, ambiguous path selection through interchanges, managed-lane interference, incomplete corridor capture, and inconsistent ramp classifications, paired with a locally hosted frontend for defining queries and inspecting segments.

If this is right

  • Freeway simulation studies can expand from single corridors to regional networks with far less per-mile preparation time.
  • Network inputs become reproducible across different analysts because the workflow is scripted and version-controlled rather than manual.
  • OSM can serve as the default source for many freeway studies in well-mapped regions without custom digitization.
  • Validation overhead stays low enough (averaging 41 seconds per mile in the California deployment) to support iterative model updates.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same workflow could be adapted for arterial or mixed networks if the extraction rules are extended beyond freeway-specific patterns.
  • In regions with lower OSM quality the validation step would surface exactly which segments need manual correction, turning the tool into a data-improvement aid.
  • Direct export to common simulation packages would further shrink the remaining setup time after extraction.
  • Re-running the tool on updated OSM snapshots would let studies track how network changes affect model outputs over time.

Load-bearing premise

The extraction logic correctly resolves recurring OSM freeway data issues and the validation steps against OSM and aerial imagery are enough to confirm the output matches ground truth for traffic-study purposes.

What would settle it

A corridor where the tool's output network requires more than half the manual effort of direct ramp encoding, or where validation against imagery reveals systematic geometry mismatches, would falsify the efficiency and accuracy claims.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.31857 by Cathy Wu, Drew Miller.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Inputs, outputs, and core processes in the network extraction tool. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: A case where the simple bounding box query method misses important roadway [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: From left to right, visualizations of the tool’s initial OSM query, the mainline [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Examples of source-data validation to verify the presence of a lane addition (top) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: The tool presented in this paper reduces analyst time by approximately three [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_5.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Freeway simulation is often difficult to deploy at scale not only because of model formulation, but because preparing road network inputs remains a manual, corridor-specific, and difficult-to-reproduce task. This paper presents an open-source tool that extracts freeway networks from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and converts them into a compact, station-referenced representation suitable for downstream freeway simulation. Unlike existing tools that primarily support arterial or general network conversion tasks, the proposed workflow is designed around the specific requirements of freeway traffic studies. The tool supports not only OSM data cleaning and conversion, but also the broader workflow required in practice: corridor-specific querying, visual inspection of extracted segments, extraction validation against OSM, and source-data validation against aerial imagery. A locally hosted frontend allows users to define corridor-specific queries, select endpoints visually, and inspect extracted segments. The extraction logic is designed to address several recurring challenges in freeway OSM data, including inconsistent route references, ambiguous path selection through interchanges, managed-lane interference, incomplete corridor capture from naive bounding-box queries, and inconsistent ramp classifications. The workflow was first tested on two prototype corridors, where the extract-first-then-validate approach proposed here required roughly one-third the analyst effort of manual ramp encoding from scratch. It was then deployed across 359.6 miles of freeway in Orange County, California, with total processing and validation averaging about 41 seconds per mile. This deployment also suggests that, in a well-mapped region, OSM is sufficiently accurate for many freeway traffic studies. Overall, the tool provides a more scalable and reproducible foundation for freeway network preparation.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

3 major / 1 minor

Summary. The paper presents an open-source tool for extracting freeway networks from OpenStreetMap (OSM) tailored to traffic simulation needs. It describes a workflow addressing OSM-specific issues (inconsistent route references, ambiguous interchanges, managed lanes, incomplete bounding-box capture, inconsistent ramp classifications) via corridor querying, visual inspection, OSM validation, and aerial imagery checks, supported by a locally hosted frontend. Prototype tests on two corridors report the extract-first-then-validate method requiring roughly one-third the analyst effort of manual ramp encoding; a 359.6-mile deployment in Orange County, CA, averaged 41 seconds per mile and suggests OSM sufficiency for many studies in well-mapped regions.

Significance. If the extraction logic and validation steps hold, the work addresses a practical bottleneck in freeway simulation deployment by providing a scalable, reproducible, open-source alternative to manual network preparation. The freeway-specific design and inclusion of end-to-end workflow elements (querying through validation) are strengths that could aid reproducibility in the field. The reported effort reduction and processing times offer concrete evidence of practicality, though the absence of accuracy quantification limits the strength of the reproducibility and sufficiency claims.

major comments (3)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The claim that the extract-first-then-validate approach 'required roughly one-third the analyst effort of manual ramp encoding from scratch' on two prototype corridors provides no details on effort measurement methodology, corridor selection criteria, or the precise baseline procedure, which is load-bearing for the central scalability/reproducibility argument.
  2. [Abstract] Abstract: The deployment result that 'OSM is sufficiently accurate for many freeway traffic studies' in well-mapped regions rests only on the 41 s/mile processing time across 359.6 miles, with no reported counts of discrepancies found/corrected, precision/recall against ground truth, or per-issue resolution statistics for the listed OSM challenges.
  3. [Abstract] Abstract: The extraction logic is asserted to resolve 'inconsistent route references, ambiguous path selection through interchanges, managed-lane interference, incomplete corridor capture from naive bounding-box queries, and inconsistent ramp classifications,' but the manuscript provides no pseudocode, algorithm description, or decision rules, preventing assessment of whether these core issues are correctly handled.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The description of the 'locally hosted frontend' for defining queries and inspecting segments does not specify the implementation (e.g., web framework or data format) or how it interfaces with the extraction backend.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 1 unresolved

We appreciate the referee's feedback highlighting areas where the abstract claims require more supporting detail. We will revise the manuscript to address these points while maintaining the core contributions.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The claim that the extract-first-then-validate approach 'required roughly one-third the analyst effort of manual ramp encoding from scratch' on two prototype corridors provides no details on effort measurement methodology, corridor selection criteria, or the precise baseline procedure, which is load-bearing for the central scalability/reproducibility argument.

    Authors: We agree that the abstract would benefit from additional context on this comparison. The full paper describes the prototype tests on two corridors, but we will add a dedicated paragraph in the results section detailing the effort measurement approach (e.g., time tracking method), the criteria for selecting the prototype corridors, and a description of the manual baseline procedure used for comparison. This will better substantiate the one-third effort reduction claim. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The deployment result that 'OSM is sufficiently accurate for many freeway traffic studies' in well-mapped regions rests only on the 41 s/mile processing time across 359.6 miles, with no reported counts of discrepancies found/corrected, precision/recall against ground truth, or per-issue resolution statistics for the listed OSM challenges.

    Authors: The claim is presented as a suggestion based on the deployment's completion with the reported processing time. We will revise the abstract to better reflect the basis of the suggestion and include any available counts of discrepancies found and corrected during validation. However, formal precision/recall metrics were not computed as part of this work. revision: partial

  3. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The extraction logic is asserted to resolve 'inconsistent route references, ambiguous path selection through interchanges, managed-lane interference, incomplete corridor capture from naive bounding-box queries, and inconsistent ramp classifications,' but the manuscript provides no pseudocode, algorithm description, or decision rules, preventing assessment of whether these core issues are correctly handled.

    Authors: We agree that more detail on the extraction logic is needed for readers to assess the approach. We will add a subsection to the Methods section providing algorithm descriptions and decision rules for addressing each of the listed OSM challenges. Pseudocode will be included for the main extraction steps. revision: yes

standing simulated objections not resolved
  • Quantitative accuracy metrics such as precision and recall against ground truth, which were not part of the study.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: tool description with empirical workflow reporting

full rationale

The paper presents a software tool and practical workflow for OSM freeway extraction, including logic for data issues and validation steps. It reports measured analyst effort (one-third on two prototypes) and processing time (41 s/mile on 359.6 miles) as direct outcomes of applying the described process. No equations, fitted parameters, predictions, ansatzes, or uniqueness claims exist that could reduce any result to its own inputs by construction. Self-citations are absent. The derivation chain is therefore self-contained as an engineering description rather than a mathematical or predictive model.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

This is an applied software engineering paper describing a practical extraction tool and workflow. There are no free parameters fitted to data, no mathematical axioms invoked, and no new invented entities postulated.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5814 in / 1306 out tokens · 58467 ms · 2026-07-01T03:43:33.960237+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

77 extracted references · 65 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    OpenStreetMap , author =

  2. [2]

    Microscopic

    Lopez, Pablo Alvarez and Wiessner, Evamarie and Behrisch, Michael and Bieker-Walz, Laura and Erdmann, Jakob and Flotterod, Yun-Pang and Hilbrich, Robert and Lucken, Leonhard and Rummel, Johannes and Wagner, Peter , month = nov, year =. Microscopic. 2018 21st. doi:10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569938 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/itsc.2018.8569938 2018

  3. [3]

    , month = feb, year =

    Ji, Junyi and Gloudemans, Derek and Zachár, Gergely and Nice, Matthew and Barbour, William and Work, Daniel B. , month = feb, year =. Calibrating. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2602.02072 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.02072

  4. [4]

    Treiber, Martin and Helbing, Dirk , editor =. An. Interface and. 2003 , keywords =. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-07969-0_33 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1007/978-3-662-07969-0_33 2003

  5. [5]

    IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems , author =

    A. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems , author =. 2026 , keywords =. doi:10.1109/TITS.2026.3658644 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/tits.2026.3658644 2026

  6. [6]

    Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , author =

    Scalable analysis of stop-and-go waves:. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , author =. 2026 , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2025.105385 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.trc.2025.105385 2026

  7. [7]

    Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , author =

    Stop-and-go wave super-resolution reconstruction via iterative refinement , volume =. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , author =. 2025 , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2025.105313 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.trc.2025.105313 2025

  8. [8]

    doi:10.1068/b35097 , language =

    How. doi:10.1068/b35097 , language =

    work page doi:10.1068/b35097

  9. [9]

    Journal of advanced transportation , author =

    Modified. Journal of advanced transportation , author =. doi:10.1155/2019/8151582 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1155/2019/8151582 2019

  10. [10]

    Coordinated traffic control for highway systems , copyright =

    Chavoshi, Kimia , collaborator =. Coordinated traffic control for highway systems , copyright =. 2024 , note =. doi:10.3929/ETHZ-B-000720302 , language =

    work page doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000720302 2024

  11. [11]

    and Mitsakis, Evangelos , month = apr, year =

    Mintsis, Evangelos and Vlahogianni, Eleni I. and Mitsakis, Evangelos , month = apr, year =. Dynamic. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems , publisher =. doi:10.1061/JTEPBS.0000318 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1061/jtepbs.0000318

  12. [12]

    SIGKDD Explor

    Recent. SIGKDD Explor. Newsl. , author =. 2021 , pages =. doi:10.1145/3447556.3447565 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1145/3447556.3447565 2021

  13. [13]

    Schrank, David and Albert, Luke and Jha, Kartikeya and Eisele, Bill , month = aug, year =. 2025

    2025

  14. [14]

    Imputation

    Wu, Pan and Xu, Lunhui and Huang, Zilin , editor =. Imputation. Artificial. 2020 , keywords =. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-5577-0_53 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1007/978-981-15-5577-0_53 2020

  15. [15]

    Reconstructing the

    Treiber, Martin and Helbing, Dirk , year =. Reconstructing the

  16. [16]

    Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering , author =

    Reconstructing the. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering , author =. 2011 , note =. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8667.2010.00698.x , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1467-8667.2010.00698.x 2011

  17. [17]

    Transportation Research Part B: Methodological , author =

    Real-time freeway traffic state estimation based on extended. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological , author =. 2005 , pages =. doi:10.1016/j.trb.2004.03.003 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.trb.2004.03.003 2005

  18. [18]

    IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems , author =

    Data-. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems , author =. 2016 , keywords =. doi:10.1109/TITS.2016.2530312 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/tits.2016.2530312 2016

  19. [19]

    doi:10.3141/2099-07 , language =

    Imputation of. doi:10.3141/2099-07 , language =

    work page doi:10.3141/2099-07 2099

  20. [20]

    IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems , author =

    A. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems , author =. 2024 , keywords =. doi:10.1109/TITS.2024.3478816 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3478816 2024

  21. [21]

    and Hoogendoorn, S.P

    Hegyi, A. and Hoogendoorn, S.P. , month = sep, year =. Dynamic speed limit control to resolve shock waves on freeways -. 13th. doi:10.1109/ITSC.2010.5624974 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/itsc.2010.5624974 2010

  22. [22]

    He, Zhengbing and Laval, Jorge and Han, Yu and Hegyi, Andreas and Nishi, Ryosuke and Wu, Cathy , month = may, year =. A. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2504.11372 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2504.11372

  23. [23]

    New Journal of Physics , author =

    Traffic jams without bottlenecks—experimental evidence for the physical mechanism of the formation of a jam , volume =. New Journal of Physics , author =. 2008 , pages =. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/10/3/033001 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1088/1367-2630/10/3/033001 2008

  24. [24]

    Cervero, Robert , month = aug, year =. Induced. Journal of Planning Literature , publisher =. doi:10.1177/088122017001001 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1177/088122017001001

  25. [25]

    Transportation Research Part B: Methodological , author =

    Relation between traffic density and capacity drop at three freeway bottlenecks , volume =. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological , author =. 2007 , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.trb.2006.02.011 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.trb.2006.02.011 2007

  26. [26]

    Relationships between highway capacity and induced vehicle travel -

  27. [28]

    Learning to

    Zheng, Guanjie and Liu, Hanyang and Xu, Kai and Li, Zhenhui , month = apr, year =. Learning to. 2020. doi:10.1109/ICDE48307.2020.00179 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/icde48307.2020.00179 2020

  28. [29]

    IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems , author =

    Machine. IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems , author =. 2025 , keywords =. doi:10.1109/OJITS.2025.3589208 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/ojits.2025.3589208 2025

  29. [30]

    ITS America , author =

    A. ITS America , author =

  30. [31]

    Mitigating

    Jayawardana, Vindula and Freydt, Baptiste and Qu, Ao and Hickert, Cameron and Sanchez, Edgar and Tang, Catherine and Taylor, Mark and Leonard, Blaine and Wu, Cathy , month = jun, year =. Mitigating. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2408.05609 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2408.05609

  31. [32]

    ITS America , author =

  32. [33]

    Journal of Open Source Software , author =

    dyntapy: dynamic and static traffic assignment in. Journal of Open Source Software , author =. 2022 , pages =. doi:10.21105/joss.04593 , language =

    work page doi:10.21105/joss.04593 2022

  33. [34]

    doi:10.48550/arXiv.2309.17114 , abstract =

    Seo, Toru , month = dec, year =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2309.17114 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2309.17114

  34. [35]

    Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , author =

    Virtual track networks:. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , author =. 2023 , pages =. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2023.104223 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.trc.2023.104223 2023

  35. [36]

    Procedia Computer Science , author =

    Open. Procedia Computer Science , author =. 2014 , pages =. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.492 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.492 2014

  36. [37]

    Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , author =

    Macroscopic traffic flow model validation at congested freeway off-ramp areas , volume =. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , author =. 2014 , pages =. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2014.01.009 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.trc.2014.01.009 2014

  37. [38]

    Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , author =

    Macroscopic traffic flow modelling of large-scale freeway networks with field data verification:. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , author =. 2022 , pages =. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2022.103904 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.trc.2022.103904 2022

  38. [39]

    Transportation Research Part B: Methodological , author =

    Performance of continuum models for realworld traffic flows:. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological , author =. 2021 , pages =. doi:10.1016/j.trb.2021.03.007 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.trb.2021.03.007 2021

  39. [40]

    Scientific Data , author =

    A unified dataset for the city-scale traffic assignment model in 20. Scientific Data , author =. 2024 , pages =. doi:10.1038/s41597-024-03149-8 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1038/s41597-024-03149-8 2024

  40. [41]

    Transportation Research Record , author =

    Design of. Transportation Research Record , author =. 2012 , note =. doi:10.3141/2291-06 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3141/2291-06 2012

  41. [42]

    Analysis and

    Trubia, Salvatore and Curto, Salvatore and Barberi, Salvatore and Severino, Alessandro and Arena, Fabio and Pau, Giovanni and Trubia, Salvatore and Curto, Salvatore and Barberi, Salvatore and Severino, Alessandro and Arena, Fabio and Pau, Giovanni , month = jan, year =. Analysis and. Sustainability , publisher =. doi:10.3390/su13020850 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3390/su13020850

  42. [43]

    IFAC Proceedings Volumes , author =

    Macroscopic. IFAC Proceedings Volumes , author =. 2009 , keywords =. doi:10.3182/20090902-3-US-2007.0078 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3182/20090902-3-us-2007.0078 2009

  43. [44]

    , month = sep, year =

    Wang, Xu and Yin, Derek and Qiu, Tony Z. , month = sep, year =. Applicability. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems , publisher =. doi:10.1061/JTEPBS.0000157 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1061/jtepbs.0000157

  44. [45]

    Wang, Yibing and Messmer, Albert and Papageorgiou, Markos , month = jan, year =. Freeway. Transportation Research Record , publisher =. doi:10.3141/1776-23 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3141/1776-23

  45. [46]

    and Lin, Yong , month = dec, year =

    Hadiuzzaman, Md and Qiu, Tony Z. and Lin, Yong , month = dec, year =. Real-. doi:10.1061/9780784412442.340 , language =

    work page doi:10.1061/9780784412442.340

  46. [47]

    Rapelli, Marco and Casetti, Claudio and Gagliardi, Giandomenico , month = oct, year =. 2019. doi:10.1109/DS-RT47707.2019.8958652 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/ds-rt47707.2019.8958652 2019

  47. [48]

    IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine , author =

    Luxembourg. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine , author =. 2017 , keywords =. doi:10.1109/MITS.2017.2666585 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/mits.2017.2666585 2017

  48. [49]

    SUMO Conference Proceedings , author =

    Topology-. SUMO Conference Proceedings , author =. 2022 , keywords =. doi:10.52825/scp.v3i.111 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.52825/scp.v3i.111 2022

  49. [50]

    Procedia Computer Science , author =

    Large-scale. Procedia Computer Science , author =. 2012 , pages =. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2012.06.105 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.procs.2012.06.105 2012

  50. [51]

    IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems , author =

    Interval. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems , author =. 2011 , keywords =. doi:10.1109/TITS.2011.2107900 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/tits.2011.2107900 2011

  51. [52]

    IET Intelligent Transport Systems , author =

    From. IET Intelligent Transport Systems , author =. 2025 , note =. doi:10.1049/itr2.70021 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1049/itr2.70021 2025

  52. [53]

    IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology , author =

    The. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology , author =. 2015 , keywords =. doi:10.1109/TVT.2015.2475608 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/tvt.2015.2475608 2015

  53. [54]

    Cai, Hubo and Oh, Jun-Seok and David Yang, C. Y. , month = jul, year =. Integrating. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering , publisher =. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000136 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000136 1943

  54. [55]

    IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics , author =

    Transforming. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics , author =. 2012 , keywords =. doi:10.1109/TVCG.2011.116 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/tvcg.2011.116 2012

  55. [56]

    What is a typical signalized intersection in a city?

    Qu, Ao and Valiveru, Anirudh and Tang, Catherine and Jayawardana, Vindula and Freydt, Baptiste and Wu, Cathy , month = may, year =. What is a typical signalized intersection in a city?. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2405.13480 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2405.13480

  56. [57]

    Latin American Transport Studies , author =

    Evaluation of models for estimating free-flow speed on two-lane rural highways in. Latin American Transport Studies , author =. 2024 , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.latran.2024.100011 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.latran.2024.100011 2024

  57. [58]

    and Hoogendoorn, Serge P

    Yuan, Kai and Knoop, Victor L. and Hoogendoorn, Serge P. , month = jan, year =. Capacity. Transportation Research Record , publisher =. doi:10.3141/2491-08 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3141/2491-08

  58. [59]

    Control Engineering Practice , author =

    Model predictive control for ramp metering of motorway traffic:. Control Engineering Practice , author =. 2006 , pages =. doi:10.1016/j.conengprac.2005.03.010 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.conengprac.2005.03.010 2006

  59. [60]

    Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , author =

    Model predictive control for optimal coordination of ramp metering and variable speed limits , volume =. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , author =. 2005 , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2004.08.001 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.trc.2004.08.001 2005

  60. [61]

    Transportation Research Part B: Methodological , author =

    The cell transmission model:. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological , author =. 1994 , pages =. doi:10.1016/0191-2615(94)90002-7 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/0191-2615(94)90002-7 1994

  61. [62]

    Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , author =

    I-24. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , author =. 2023 , pages =. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2023.104311 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.trc.2023.104311 2023

  62. [63]

    IFAC Proceedings Volumes , author =

    An. IFAC Proceedings Volumes , author =. 2009 , pages =. doi:10.3182/20090902-3-US-2007.0069 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3182/20090902-3-us-2007.0069 2009

  63. [64]

    1990 , pages =

    Traffic Engineering & Control , author =. 1990 , pages =

    1990

  64. [65]

    Dissipating stop-and-go waves in closed and open networks via deep reinforcement learning , issn =

    Kreidieh, Abdul Rahman and Wu, Cathy and Bayen, Alexandre M , month = nov, year =. Dissipating stop-and-go waves in closed and open networks via deep reinforcement learning , issn =. 2018 21st. doi:10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569485 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/itsc.2018.8569485 2018

  65. [66]

    and McQuade, Sean T

    Samaei, Maryam and Ameli, Mostafa and Davis, Jon F. and McQuade, Sean T. and Lee, Jonathan and Piccoli, Benedetto and Bayen, Alexandre , year =. Integrating. doi:10.2139/ssrn.4775835 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.2139/ssrn.4775835

  66. [67]

    A parameter identification algorithm for the

    Frejo, José Ramón Domínguez and Camacho, Eduardo Fernández and Horowitz, Roberto , month = dec, year =. A parameter identification algorithm for the. 2012. doi:10.1109/CDC.2012.6426671 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/cdc.2012.6426671 2012

  67. [68]

    2024 , note =

    International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) , author =. 2024 , note =. doi:10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp3986-3994 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp3986-3994 2024

  68. [69]

    Knura, Martin and Kluger, Florian and Zahtila, Moris and Schiewe, Jochen and Rosenhahn, Bodo and Burghardt, Dirk , month = nov, year =. Using. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information , publisher =. doi:10.3390/ijgi10110733 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3390/ijgi10110733

  69. [70]

    and Zhang, Wende , month = sep, year =

    Cho, Hyunggi and Rybski, Paul E. and Zhang, Wende , month = sep, year =. Vision-based bicycle detection and tracking using a deformable part model and an. 13th. doi:10.1109/ITSC.2010.5624993 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1109/itsc.2010.5624993 2010

  70. [71]

    WUWM 89.7 FM - Milwaukee's NPR , author =

    Dozens more traffic calming projects are coming to. WUWM 89.7 FM - Milwaukee's NPR , author =

  71. [72]

    KPBS Public Media , author =

    San. KPBS Public Media , author =. 2024 , note =

    2024

  72. [74]

    Influence of traffic calming measures on drivers behaviour , isbn =

    Ziolkowski, Robert , year =. Influence of traffic calming measures on drivers behaviour , isbn =. The 9th. doi:10.3846/enviro.2014.180 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3846/enviro.2014.180 2014

  73. [75]

    Impact of vertical traffic calming devices on environmental noise , volume =

    Dzambas, Tamara and Dragcevic, Vesna and Lakusic, Josip , year =. Impact of vertical traffic calming devices on environmental noise , volume =. GRADEVINAR , publisher =. doi:10.14256/JCE.3022.2020 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.14256/jce.3022.2020 2020

  74. [76]

    Effects of traffic calming measures in different urban areas , volume =

    Gonzalo-Orden, Hernan and Perez-Acebo, Heriberto and Linares Unamunzaga, Alaitz and Rojo Arce, Marta , editor =. Effects of traffic calming measures in different urban areas , volume =. 2018 , note =. doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2018.10.079 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2018.10.079 2018

  75. [77]

    Detecting scooter-drivers using a custom object detection model based on

  76. [78]

    Communications in Computer and Information Science , author =

    Electric. Communications in Computer and Information Science , author =. 2021 , pages =

    2021

  77. [79]

    Detection of

    Apurv, Kumar and Tian, Renran and Sherony, Rini , month = nov, year =. Detection of