Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 21 of 21 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2607.16934.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2607.16934 v1

Coverage vector

measured 21 of 21 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:15.337840Z

measured 21 of 21 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

21 of 21 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved21
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 5912fb36-9e12-423d-9dd3-d00090bec8f5 · outbound

This paper cites Assessing the gold standard—lessons from the history of RCTs.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Assessing the gold standard—lessons from the history of RCTs

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:14.196426Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9419cd40-ec08-45aa-9300-a1822e7ee147 · outbound

This paper cites Why do we need some large, simple randomized trials? Statistics in medicine.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Why do we need some large, simple randomized trials? Statistics in medicine

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:14.299489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation a0aae3da-636f-4e50-86c5-2ab9698be414 · outbound

This paper cites Challenges and lessons learned from COVID-19 trials: should we be doing clinical trials differently? Canadian Journal of Cardiology.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Challenges and lessons learned from COVID-19 trials: should we be doing clinical trials differently? Canadian Journal of Cardiology

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:14.361954Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0401a43a-97b1-4392-bf9f-3a4138f6ca03 · outbound

This paper cites A literature review on the representativeness of randomized controlled trial samples and implications for the external validity of trial results.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects A literature review on the representativeness of randomized controlled trial samples and implications for the external validity of trial results

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:14.422729Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7768cd28-e600-4f36-87d4-007f83850aec · outbound

This paper cites to whom do the results of this trial apply?.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects to whom do the results of this trial apply?

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:14.469361Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 9b028a4d-561f-4560-a77e-2b8807f97316 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating eligibility criteria of oncology trials using real-world data and AI.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Evaluating eligibility criteria of oncology trials using real-world data and AI

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:14.555368Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 164c73ab-37f2-48ca-8487-281404397311 · outbound

This paper cites Broadening eligibility criteria and diversity among patients for cancer clinical trials.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Broadening eligibility criteria and diversity among patients for cancer clinical trials

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:14.622482Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e3664f5e-206a-4756-a373-cbcb657783c6 · outbound

This paper cites GIST 2.0: A scalable multi-trait metric for quantifying population representativeness of individual clinical studies.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects GIST 2.0: A scalable multi-trait metric for quantifying population representativeness of individual clinical studies

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:14.693533Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7bce6f8e-7c0b-4d35-aa19-5c39493d7f66 · outbound

This paper cites Using big data to emulate a target trial when a randomized trial is not available.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Using big data to emulate a target trial when a randomized trial is not available

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:14.796079Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation da666142-7cb7-4367-970e-4eae026b07f5 · outbound

This paper cites Emulating randomized clinical trials with nonrandomized real-world evidence studies: first results from the RCT DUPLICATE initiative.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Emulating randomized clinical trials with nonrandomized real-world evidence studies: first results from the RCT DUPLICATE initiative

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:14.873003Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 2b5709ee-3562-4e8d-a934-d45b222a504e · outbound

This paper cites Real-world evidence and real-world data for evaluating drug safety and effectiveness.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Real-world evidence and real-world data for evaluating drug safety and effectiveness

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:14.929946Z

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Observation 9877fbfc-1130-4233-b8a1-61aae5df39e2 · outbound

This paper cites Emulation of randomized clinical trials with nonrandomized database analyses: results of 32 clinical trials.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Emulation of randomized clinical trials with nonrandomized database analyses: results of 32 clinical trials

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:14.990562Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 560960d5-60b8-4d5a-8fee-b8514f925cca · outbound

This paper cites Emulate randomized clinical trials using heterogeneous treatment effect estimation for personalized treatments: Methodology review and benchmark.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Emulate randomized clinical trials using heterogeneous treatment effect estimation for personalized treatments: Methodology review and benchmark

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:14.994029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5358da46-3e74-456b-90d3-79403d7fb5b4 · outbound

This paper cites Simulating Colorectal Cancer Trials Using Real-World Data.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Simulating Colorectal Cancer Trials Using Real-World Data

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:15.013112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation afc3ef9d-cbc5-493d-924b-ba2492fc078b · outbound

This paper cites Electronic medical records can be used to emulate target trials of sustained treatment strategies.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Electronic medical records can be used to emulate target trials of sustained treatment strategies

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:15.035844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 198111d6-ae30-4e40-849b-f5aff665f328 · outbound

This paper cites Estimation and inference of heterogeneous treatment effects using random forests.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Estimation and inference of heterogeneous treatment effects using random forests

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:15.074260Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation e259e0e3-ad67-4ca3-8798-639fbe2bb091 · outbound

This paper cites Metalearners for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects using machine learning.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Metalearners for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects using machine learning

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:15.108517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 7f82336c-c39d-4940-8006-2cd27d0f8562 · outbound

This paper cites Learning representations for counterfactual inference.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Learning representations for counterfactual inference

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:15.162966Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 11d6bcc4-1f1b-46be-a492-d2c92cd0110b · outbound

This paper cites Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:15.201993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation ba52d0d3-ff00-4414-8334-436a98b538be · outbound

This paper cites Rapid and intensive guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure: 5 core principles.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Rapid and intensive guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure: 5 core principles

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:15.261478Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0606e327-b89d-4b57-815e-fe1980b91c05 · outbound

This paper cites Machine learning methods for estimating heterogeneous causal effects.

Optimizing Clinical Trial Protocols Using EHR-Derived Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Machine learning methods for estimating heterogeneous causal effects

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:33:15.337840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.