Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 29 of 29 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2608.00410.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2608.00410 v1

Coverage vector

measured 29 of 29 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.094734Z

measured 29 of 29 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

29 of 29 outbound references displayed

verified exact4
verified fuzzy6
unresolved18
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation e5ce0753-02df-468d-9c8a-452d57eb16d9 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:43.957980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5f7fd291-3da8-497b-80ef-57286a06d7c4 · outbound

This paper cites A very preliminary analysis of DALL-E 2.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words A very preliminary analysis of DALL-E 2

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.004881Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 832cea55-3c85-4459-a832-0c3eac682bac · outbound

This paper cites Gemini 2.5 Flash Image (Nano Banana) model documentation.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Gemini 2.5 Flash Image (Nano Banana) model documentation

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.957321Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 05974d44-c6bf-49b0-8004-fec3a3015d6c · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.019615Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6bd333f3-fdd5-498e-9c6c-573a38127f73 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen-Image Technical Report.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Qwen-Image Technical Report

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.024336Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a5250d34-6149-4953-b815-68471ccb43eb · outbound

This paper cites Qwen-Image-2.0 Technical Report.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Qwen-Image-2.0 Technical Report

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.029029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 83bae0b6-6ddd-4971-88f4-643835041942 · outbound

This paper cites Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.033577Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation feec8de9-0817-4620-91e8-bc0c017b540f · outbound

This paper cites A primer in BERTology: What we know about how BERT works.Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics,.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words A primer in BERTology: What we know about how BERT works.Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics,

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.925219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation e44eb607-0b95-4248-b67a-c5e46f71ed67 · outbound

This paper cites Chameleon: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Foundation Models.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Chameleon: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Foundation Models

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.047484Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 223728a5-9670-4d14-8cf8-8fa844ff9125 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.052245Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1d7ad6ec-a325-4444-92ab-ff9407dabc1d · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Monosemanticity: Extracting Interpretable Features from Claude 3 Sonnet.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Scaling Monosemanticity: Extracting Interpretable Features from Claude 3 Sonnet

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.056794Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e5d095d6-a8ba-4469-a7b1-74eb0b89590a · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.061976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2d7132a3-f295-41b0-9ed6-ccd640daf58f · outbound

This paper cites Localized Cultural Knowledge is Conserved and Controllable in Large Language Models.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Localized Cultural Knowledge is Conserved and Controllable in Large Language Models

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.066352Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 310a4865-ac1c-49d4-a831-da990f1aa6b2 · outbound

This paper cites SimpleAR: Pushing the Frontier of Autoregressive Visual Generation through Pretraining, SFT, and RL.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words SimpleAR: Pushing the Frontier of Autoregressive Visual Generation through Pretraining, SFT, and RL

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.070951Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bd37e559-c460-4635-b438-ea3fea68350c · outbound

This paper cites Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Models.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Models

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.075604Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c7a3cbe0-0ae3-48dd-9ade-255b2ca6a624 · outbound

This paper cites Schr\"{o}dinger's Bat: Diffusion Models Sometimes Generate Polysemous Words in Superposition.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Schr\"{o}dinger's Bat: Diffusion Models Sometimes Generate Polysemous Words in Superposition

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.140500Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation cdda7e91-1909-4697-b4ea-5e8e06f331e5 · outbound

This paper cites Wu, Ryan Liu, Xuechunzi Bai, and Thomas L.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Wu, Ryan Liu, Xuechunzi Bai, and Thomas L

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.909809Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation e822314d-57b4-43ac-a048-3db739f1de15 · outbound

This paper cites GLM-5.1 model card.https://huggingface.co/zai-org/GLM-5.1, 2026a.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words GLM-5.1 model card.https://huggingface.co/zai-org/GLM-5.1, 2026a

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.894069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 955ba44e-e839-43d4-a0c9-371e8181d814 · outbound

This paper cites imagine”) control used in the stated-versus-revealed analysis instead asks: What image comes to mind when you think of the word “{word}.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words imagine”) control used in the stated-versus-revealed analysis instead asks: What image comes to mind when you think of the word “{word}

Reference 29

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.878293Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation f81cede1-b588-4f30-bc64-c1625078621d · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4o System Card.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words GPT-4o System Card

Reference 2009

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.009957Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9f5c2dba-bb4c-4022-b778-29ed4502b2bb · outbound

This paper cites On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models

Reference 2016

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:43.963066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cce8af2f-bd0a-4aa5-a5cc-251d5763bb12 · outbound

This paper cites ADAM: A diverse archive of mankind for evaluating and enhancing LLMs in biographical reasoning.arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.22991,.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words ADAM: A diverse archive of mankind for evaluating and enhancing LLMs in biographical reasoning.arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.22991,

Reference 2017

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.829776Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 96b168d5-21d6-4e2c-967e-e6eea45aaeed · outbound

This paper cites Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:43.989331Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ea87f481-2833-4995-91e7-e3b0dc812a53 · outbound

This paper cites Pick- ing on the same person: Does algorithmic monoculture lead to outcome homogenization? InNeurIPS,.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Pick- ing on the same person: Does algorithmic monoculture lead to outcome homogenization? InNeurIPS,

Reference 2021

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.972849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 19153c26-2f8c-4770-80b7-9482d6d35b15 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.042794Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 93397e00-5aaa-4e21-a254-a425df26ab11 · outbound

This paper cites Testing Relational Understanding in Text-Guided Image Generation.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Testing Relational Understanding in Text-Guided Image Generation

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:43.983809Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b2e06eab-2b23-4b2f-b185-9c9eb90a91b6 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-5 system card.https://openai.com/index/gpt-5-system-card/, 2025a.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words GPT-5 system card.https://openai.com/index/gpt-5-system-card/, 2025a

Reference 2024

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.940568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 6c6037b9-d377-4e98-bb76-a50b3991d917 · outbound

This paper cites Guess the Unified Model: How Much Can We Recover from Generated Images?.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Guess the Unified Model: How Much Can We Recover from Generated Images?

Reference 2025

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.634080Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 19dff3de-914f-4b74-9f30-7cdab44ff692 · outbound

This paper cites Un-Doubling diffusion: LLM-guided disambigua- tion of homonym duplication.arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.21262,.

Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words Un-Doubling diffusion: LLM-guided disambigua- tion of homonym duplication.arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.21262,

Reference 2026

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-08-05T04:16:44.579514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.