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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 52 of 52 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2608.12090.

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pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2608.12090 v2

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measured 52 of 52 reference resolution

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Reference resolution

52 of 52 outbound references displayed

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External citation measurements

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Outbound references

Observation e2b586d2-d2cc-46a4-8f06-1148551677ee · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

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This paper cites Comparative assessment of protein large language models for enzyme commission number prediction.BMC bioinfor- matics, 26(1):68, 2025.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Comparative assessment of protein large language models for enzyme commission number prediction.BMC bioinfor- matics, 26(1):68, 2025

Reference 2

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This paper cites Language mod- els can identify enzymatic binding sites in pro- tein sequences.Computational and structural biotechnology journal, 23:1929–1937, 2024.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Language mod- els can identify enzymatic binding sites in pro- tein sequences.Computational and structural biotechnology journal, 23:1929–1937, 2024

Reference 3

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This paper cites Iglm: Infilling language model- ing for antibody sequence design.Cell systems, 14(11):979–989, 2023.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Iglm: Infilling language model- ing for antibody sequence design.Cell systems, 14(11):979–989, 2023

Reference 4

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Observation 66be9fb1-5ff8-4a0b-b682-d3697ca794da · outbound

This paper cites Protein language models: Applications and perspectives.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Protein language models: Applications and perspectives

Reference 5

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Observation 5ec56ba0-229c-4178-87b9-ceb0f44ee156 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes

Reference 6

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Observation 5e65019e-b04e-4107-a0de-5c93eaa6f23b · outbound

This paper cites Deep residual learning for image recognition.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Deep residual learning for image recognition

Reference 7

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Observation 347f3399-d8dd-46ef-8981-c7ff730b424f · outbound

This paper cites Imagenet: A large-scale hierarchical image database.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Imagenet: A large-scale hierarchical image database

Reference 8

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Observation a443e45f-a347-478e-80c8-954e4ca1b61b · outbound

This paper cites Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language un- derstanding.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language un- derstanding

Reference 9

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This paper cites The geometry of hidden representations of large transformer models.Ad- vances in Neural Information Processing Sys- tems, 36:51234–51252, 2023.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models The geometry of hidden representations of large transformer models.Ad- vances in Neural Information Processing Sys- tems, 36:51234–51252, 2023

Reference 10

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Observation 5d0dcaff-3911-463d-9c45-99b05533631d · outbound

This paper cites BERTology Meets Biology: Interpreting Attention in Protein Language Models.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models BERTology Meets Biology: Interpreting Attention in Protein Language Models

Reference 11

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Observation 62f72406-c10e-48c5-811f-6bbf8a4b46d6 · outbound

This paper cites Layer by Layer: Uncovering Hidden Representations in Language Models.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Layer by Layer: Uncovering Hidden Representations in Language Models

Reference 12

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This paper cites The underlying structures of self-attention: symmetry, directionality, and emergent dynamics in Transformer training.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models The underlying structures of self-attention: symmetry, directionality, and emergent dynamics in Transformer training

Reference 13

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Observation e8f32944-4ea1-4f36-98e7-69ac7f450143 · outbound

This paper cites Generative pretraining from pixels.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Generative pretraining from pixels

Reference 14

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Observation bc828bb8-22de-4f9b-b73f-0d7d552c9403 · outbound

This paper cites Evolutionary-scale prediction of atomic-level protein structure with a language model.Sci- ence, 379(6637):1123–1130, 2023.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Evolutionary-scale prediction of atomic-level protein structure with a language model.Sci- ence, 379(6637):1123–1130, 2023

Reference 15

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Observation 9a6fbca4-6151-4207-a1c1-f91619c249eb · outbound

This paper cites Layer probing improves kinase functional prediction with protein language models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.00376, 2025.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Layer probing improves kinase functional prediction with protein language models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.00376, 2025

Reference 16

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Observation 4927b43e-4f8c-446e-a58e-f632969c07be · outbound

This paper cites Visualizing and understanding convolutional networks.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Visualizing and understanding convolutional networks

Reference 17

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Observation 787edd45-84a6-490c-93e8-b5a8cf46d50b · outbound

This paper cites Quantify- ing uncertainty in protein representations across models and tasks.Nature Methods, pages 1–9, 2026.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Quantify- ing uncertainty in protein representations across models and tasks.Nature Methods, pages 1–9, 2026

Reference 18

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Observation affba33a-c15a-4ff1-98ed-99d92615f57f · outbound

This paper cites Local fitness land- scape of the green fluorescent protein.Nature, 533(7603):397–401, 2016.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Local fitness land- scape of the green fluorescent protein.Nature, 533(7603):397–401, 2016

Reference 19

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This paper cites A comprehensive biophysical description of pairwise epistasis throughout an entire protein domain.Current biology, 24(22):2643–2651, 2014.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models A comprehensive biophysical description of pairwise epistasis throughout an entire protein domain.Current biology, 24(22):2643–2651, 2014

Reference 20

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This paper cites Global analysis of protein folding using mas- sively parallel design, synthesis, and testing.Sci- ence, 357(6347):168–175, 2017.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Global analysis of protein folding using mas- sively parallel design, synthesis, and testing.Sci- ence, 357(6347):168–175, 2017

Reference 21

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Observation 98f5cdba-1841-4feb-b522-0e6b455cdbf9 · outbound

This paper cites Mega-scale experimental analysis of protein folding stability in biology and design.Nature, 620(7973):434–444, 2023.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Mega-scale experimental analysis of protein folding stability in biology and design.Nature, 620(7973):434–444, 2023

Reference 22

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This paper cites Large language models generate functional protein se- quences across diverse families.Nature biotech- nology, 41(8):1099–1106, 2023.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Large language models generate functional protein se- quences across diverse families.Nature biotech- nology, 41(8):1099–1106, 2023

Reference 23

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This paper cites Meltome atlas—thermal proteome stability across the tree of life.Nature methods, 17(5):495–503, 2020.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Meltome atlas—thermal proteome stability across the tree of life.Nature methods, 17(5):495–503, 2020

Reference 24

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This paper cites Deepsol: a deep learning framework for sequence-based protein solubility prediction.Bioinformatics, 34(15):2605–2613, 2018.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Deepsol: a deep learning framework for sequence-based protein solubility prediction.Bioinformatics, 34(15):2605–2613, 2018

Reference 25

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This paper cites Deeploc 2.0: multi-label subcellular localization prediction using protein language models.Nucleic acids research, 50(W1):W228–W234, 2022.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Deeploc 2.0: multi-label subcellular localization prediction using protein language models.Nucleic acids research, 50(W1):W228–W234, 2022

Reference 26

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Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

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Observation 7ac8219f-c06e-4e3e-b970-3fa94f85d856 · outbound

This paper cites Protein embeddings and deep learning pre- dict binding residues for various ligand classes.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Protein embeddings and deep learning pre- dict binding residues for various ligand classes

Reference 28

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Reference 29

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This paper cites ESM Cambrian: Revealing the mysteries of proteins with unsupervised learn- ing.EvolutionaryScale Website, 12 2024.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models ESM Cambrian: Revealing the mysteries of proteins with unsupervised learn- ing.EvolutionaryScale Website, 12 2024

Reference 30

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This paper cites Prottrans: to- ward understanding the language of life through self-supervised learning.IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 44(10):7112–7127, 2021.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Prottrans: to- ward understanding the language of life through self-supervised learning.IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 44(10):7112–7127, 2021

Reference 31

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This paper cites Bilingual language model for protein sequence and structure.NAR Genomics and Bioinformat- ics, 6(4):lqae150, 2024.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Bilingual language model for protein sequence and structure.NAR Genomics and Bioinformat- ics, 6(4):lqae150, 2024

Reference 32

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This paper cites Progen2: exploring the boundaries of protein language models.Cell systems, 14(11):968–978, 2023.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Progen2: exploring the boundaries of protein language models.Cell systems, 14(11):968–978, 2023

Reference 33

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.579772Z digest=sha256:f6bbbf7e5881c6a8cdbe28d732490d297287b413fe27866741d061525218472b

Observation 0da90fa4-31d1-4ecb-89b6-75c94efe179f · outbound

This paper cites Protgpt2 is a deep unsupervised lan- guage model for protein design.Nature commu- nications, 13(1):4348, 2022.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Protgpt2 is a deep unsupervised lan- guage model for protein design.Nature commu- nications, 13(1):4348, 2022

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Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:23.040928Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.584750Z digest=sha256:b9847224d8af45cf8f3fda9482e3f08b54abfdace25720023d3762e9caec0499

Observation dc7a5a5d-2b50-49c3-a959-a369965e136f · outbound

This paper cites A new algorithm for data com- pression.The C Users Journal, 12(2):23–38, 1994.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models A new algorithm for data com- pression.The C Users Journal, 12(2):23–38, 1994

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:23.026298Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.588991Z digest=sha256:424e4bc4935955dc54588bfc82f9ab772cfdd5395f24e0c12643d49a12855df8

Observation 94dbf839-807e-42fd-9695-17a334e5a92e · outbound

This paper cites Attention is all you need.Advances in neural information processing systems, 30, 2017.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Attention is all you need.Advances in neural information processing systems, 30, 2017

Reference 36

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.593624Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.593624Z digest=sha256:2384db4d8a1e84430eff033fafa9424d96c49ed478b25853af85f16f50fd1a0b

Observation b82ec052-1763-4f1e-a2a1-247daaa0045c · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text- to-text transformer.Journal of machine learning research, 21(140):1–67, 2020.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text- to-text transformer.Journal of machine learning research, 21(140):1–67, 2020

Reference 37

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.598320Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.598320Z digest=sha256:51aaa3b444ce7cd9f9396aa929532e71b1e3ee18e3307a325a7b72298fb03f0a

Observation b01ff8e6-3a95-42d8-9f72-49bd30b1f195 · outbound

This paper cites Improving language understanding by generative pre-training, 2018.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Improving language understanding by generative pre-training, 2018

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.996272Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.602776Z digest=sha256:2a47120677ebf0ddd097eac7567e887fdf6b01837aaa6e0d3e5720f251a6affe

Observation 505a94e6-87b6-4391-b8c7-4cdf28040293 · outbound

This paper cites Estimating the intrinsic dimension of datasets by a minimal neighbor- hood information.Scientific reports, 7(1):12140, 2017.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Estimating the intrinsic dimension of datasets by a minimal neighbor- hood information.Scientific reports, 7(1):12140, 2017

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.983483Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.606977Z digest=sha256:e9afde3773905df7ba8a2b2d78748b4297af9a17929d51d756607df86018a260

Observation c7e8de6a-1124-4b18-bdbb-ee0359f5db26 · outbound

This paper cites Hierarchical nucleation in deep neural networks.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 33:7526–7536, 2020.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Hierarchical nucleation in deep neural networks.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 33:7526–7536, 2020

Reference 40

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.970591Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.611548Z digest=sha256:b412a06157fe29b84a9d3f3775d31171ea8d802aa8cea9ebf523d019c41a6556

Observation 57120472-2682-4746-81d2-b1f5e2ce2285 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.615709Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.615709Z digest=sha256:6e200a7b38f97e65a2bd1f4583f56e35bfb5868f8d63758710706c64827e97ba

Observation c55c9f16-10be-4c00-8cf9-25f2dd9193fd · outbound

This paper cites Supervised learning of protein melting temperature: Cross-species vs.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Supervised learning of protein melting temperature: Cross-species vs

Reference 42

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.949301Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.620030Z digest=sha256:a897796bfb94b43703522b34c94d555c07bdf4e35e7918af35ccdb6b8bd5f4f7

Observation 2333d5cc-af7b-426c-9024-0b885ce5865a · outbound

This paper cites Data splitting to avoid information leakage with datasail.Nature Communications, 16(1):3337, 2025.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Data splitting to avoid information leakage with datasail.Nature Communications, 16(1):3337, 2025

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.936098Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.625050Z digest=sha256:42e2b14c71b2e34a4a1ea4933c767065a867fee1d91670a5289796e8d8ed5127

Observation 038a28ee-0d4c-4795-9a68-e352c6b85eb9 · outbound

This paper cites Bert rediscovers the classical nlp pipeline.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Bert rediscovers the classical nlp pipeline

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.629326Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.629326Z digest=sha256:34aaef254901d7eb22556e64468ac248a56e0191b2d5ad42891c43c7e8cbdcef

Observation 7079a065-90e6-4582-9f3f-37b07189fba0 · outbound

This paper cites Uniprot: the universal protein knowledgebase in 2025.Nucleic acids research, 52(D 1):D609– D617, 2024.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Uniprot: the universal protein knowledgebase in 2025.Nucleic acids research, 52(D 1):D609– D617, 2024

Reference 45

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.914030Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.633252Z digest=sha256:eb7c0ca2cc3d3f326e5601f0a414a4f0e01ef0c8df08f981cd81216fb989c5cd

Observation 702b9f0f-3f7e-4e3d-88cd-14993b7b4dc0 · outbound

This paper cites Mgnify: the microbiome sequence data analy- sis resource in 2023.Nucleic acids research, 51(D1):D753–D759, 2023.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Mgnify: the microbiome sequence data analy- sis resource in 2023.Nucleic acids research, 51(D1):D753–D759, 2023

Reference 46

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.901606Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.637567Z digest=sha256:404be3fb84805471ba49b3c01308c7199cdbd3024d7c964539f163d5e23249df

Observation d8e46ead-7a25-4d08-940e-9e656c8f5589 · outbound

This paper cites The genome portal of the de- partment of energy joint genome institute: 2014 updates.Nucleic acids research, 42(D1):D26– D31, 2014.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models The genome portal of the de- partment of energy joint genome institute: 2014 updates.Nucleic acids research, 42(D1):D26– D31, 2014

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.888881Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.641738Z digest=sha256:618b6b858d6708ec4f170bcf67cca88a053387b6b6fa4846993a6b84b7e1b241

Observation c4204ce7-ed48-4e50-aa84-2c4e76e6257b · outbound

This paper cites Protein-level assembly increases pro- tein sequence recovery from metagenomic sam- 17 ples manyfold.Nature methods, 16(7):603–606, 2019.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Protein-level assembly increases pro- tein sequence recovery from metagenomic sam- 17 ples manyfold.Nature methods, 16(7):603–606, 2019

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.874828Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.645690Z digest=sha256:d7662d636a7f7943befb7f0710212f726618c6cc6c25a93ddb74e73cae5c800e

Observation d753ca65-2053-4d42-afab-7dde942d2669 · outbound

This paper cites Cd-hit: a fast program for clustering and comparing large sets of protein or nucleotide sequences.Bioinformat- ics, 22(13):1658–1659, 2006.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Cd-hit: a fast program for clustering and comparing large sets of protein or nucleotide sequences.Bioinformat- ics, 22(13):1658–1659, 2006

Reference 49

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.861405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.649584Z digest=sha256:837dad7a8dea37779913e934d1d3dd534081ed49e889acc5889fe58c7ef01014

Observation c4231b2b-06df-411c-bea7-74a50a8568ae · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating protein transfer learning with tape.Advances in neural information processing systems, 32, 2019.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Evaluating protein transfer learning with tape.Advances in neural information processing systems, 32, 2019

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.653467Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.653467Z digest=sha256:23f8b5a7e333434b0eb5f4a0711d08291ad6a05b08a9b26b89a7efa1fc302e8d

Observation e8f0e8f7-6f26-4c0e-92fb-f1baf6f94c3c · outbound

This paper cites Proteingym: Large- scale benchmarks for protein fitness prediction and design.Advances in neural information processing systems, 36:64331–64379, 2023.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Proteingym: Large- scale benchmarks for protein fitness prediction and design.Advances in neural information processing systems, 36:64331–64379, 2023

Reference 51

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.839603Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.657311Z digest=sha256:b4725520a38705583d3a0e8bb0ebf18bcf047076167c78f8c963bea1c92d8dea

Observation 6a449864-71e8-4a6e-aabb-9a2d6ab84b6b · outbound

This paper cites Kalinina.

Task- and dataset-specific information in protein language models Kalinina

Reference 52

Resolution
malformed identifier
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T00:21:22.826276Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T00:21:22.661675Z digest=sha256:c12442b8f7ac545542bf72cfcc9420201628af0720c4206807e9d9d212c00005

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.