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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.17154.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.17154 v1

Coverage vector

measured 32 of 32 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:08.718419Z

measured 34 of 34 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-01T21:24:12.214498Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-11T15:26:08.592435Z

Reference resolution

32 of 32 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact2
  • verified fuzzy9
  • unresolved19
  • parse uncertain1
  • malformed identifier1
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 2c1fdf60-e416-410b-9e93-f1994e3cbdaa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:16.554033Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 23e63e4b-4eb0-42ab-aae2-7a6148801568 · outbound

This paper cites Khan, Caroline M R Low, Kuba Perlin, Anna Potapenko, Pascal Savy, Sukhdeep Singh, Adrian Stecula, Ashok Thillaisundaram, Catherine Tong, Sergei Yakneen, Ellen D.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Khan, Caroline M R Low, Kuba Perlin, Anna Potapenko, Pascal Savy, Sukhdeep Singh, Adrian Stecula, Ashok Thillaisundaram, Catherine Tong, Sergei Yakneen, Ellen D

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:15.847918Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 944a8c89-de97-472c-a376-b939f752b516 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation c376114e-29d0-4a42-a9a4-a134540d9f67 · outbound

This paper cites semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:942185.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:942185

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:15.414130Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:02:06.110199Z digest=sha256:ec4887a6788ac391a57cf25ef363bbf5bef7d75050f93987c84506d60b80c4a8

Observation 3c16d375-1711-4ad9-9f16-92f67f5dcd1d · outbound

This paper cites ProtAgents: Protein discovery via large language model multi-agent collaborations combining physics and machine learning.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio ProtAgents: Protein discovery via large language model multi-agent collaborations combining physics and machine learning

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:06.181090Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:02:06.181090Z digest=sha256:febb439067125f07e95a5d2dd8fd0f63612e96b191e6522ec86ec50a52f62470

Observation 2ed74e54-e7e2-4948-903d-3faaf395f824 · outbound

This paper cites Dual Use Concerns of Generative AI and Large Language Models.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Dual Use Concerns of Generative AI and Large Language Models

Reference 6

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:09.581294Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 6db078b9-af1d-40b2-94bb-df9d04a7e5c5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:09.279611Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:02:06.368879Z digest=sha256:cd57f2a7196676b57f77844662d381af84d547cda2a84d1cdbd36edadf4ba33c

Observation 9d5cc123-8f55-4330-ab04-5bf803fb9a81 · outbound

This paper cites semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17181056.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17181056

Reference 8

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:15.209338Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 234bfd3d-8c14-4977-95ee-73e17f4d610b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 4284f7f7-174b-4b03-b253-b1dec3f9ca7b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 46bb8bc4-2671-4bd8-b00b-24ecdae9e2cc · outbound

This paper cites digitaloceanspaces.com/moremi-article.pdf.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio digitaloceanspaces.com/moremi-article.pdf

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 9b3db881-d001-4dfa-a772-51e4f44b8a23 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation bc094418-2d4b-47b8-b338-440ed448f4b9 · outbound

This paper cites Morris, Eric E.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Morris, Eric E

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation f31dd5f0-d029-4b8f-add8-dc2132342990 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:07.030094Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:02:07.030094Z digest=sha256:1f534ce640f7f821b7b6b0b9086047c5168b7082cb627b439984bcc1c5eaf259

Observation 12428f1b-6e0a-49ce-8415-8cd7af6353fb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:14.206764Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 232622f4-5b57-4360-9971-3960191bf2aa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:13.964127Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 3b316780-3ac5-4783-88de-3195087eea3c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation c6f50dc5-75f7-45d3-85db-8e49defbf947 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:13.535240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation a6d7062a-504c-419d-9fe6-85aa6200b61b · outbound

This paper cites Artificial intelligence and biological misuse: Differentiating risks of language models and biological design tools.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Artificial intelligence and biological misuse: Differentiating risks of language models and biological design tools

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:07.472157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation ba7eebe6-d492-44c0-b0be-8a840bcd5b69 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:02:07.589171Z digest=sha256:4f31dd59bd41b7aff741227c5af87d905e8f58e8d66d5c690081f426ccc5e89e

Observation 6ec837d5-4127-4a3e-a22a-3dec2ce3adc0 · outbound

This paper cites Can large language models democratize access to dual-use biotechnology?.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Can large language models democratize access to dual-use biotechnology?

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:07.671310Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:02:07.671310Z digest=sha256:dd1c4fb66edc9c448562935b6cd6098da594e87c45b548a03c07e35c6b986c80

Observation 0af9ac9b-8560-4ca8-abf3-0f9514e87770 · outbound

This paper cites Su´ arez-Isla, Saxitoxin and other paralytic toxins: Toxicological profile, inMarine and Freshwater Toxins, 2015, available from:https: //api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83490085.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Su´ arez-Isla, Saxitoxin and other paralytic toxins: Toxicological profile, inMarine and Freshwater Toxins, 2015, available from:https: //api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83490085

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:02:07.770053Z digest=sha256:9b3ae1f07a767e04eed41752961423be7057f4b1f45ecaf4bcc88441e619bedf

Observation 57ed39e4-1f92-4728-8f6c-757e1dfda317 · outbound

This paper cites Wu, Rabindra V.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Wu, Rabindra V

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 31219cf5-e627-42c0-a83f-a784030275fb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 91689ea7-1979-4003-85f5-62a0a57fb1e5 · outbound

This paper cites Truelove, Lindsay T.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Truelove, Lindsay T

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 068184e3-9257-4004-9261-793d67a27bdd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation dd6d0731-aaaa-475f-9655-d444543b0ced · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:11.264278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 697c4230-c5d6-499a-b143-3d9d4e61cbf1 · outbound

This paper cites Grant, Yifeng Liu, Seyed Ali Goldansaz, Stephen M.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Grant, Yifeng Liu, Seyed Ali Goldansaz, Stephen M

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:10.994460Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation cc194a0a-f7c2-4ad5-af16-0d32f602396d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:10.592978Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 1fef3784-b4e3-4cea-a029-d23d35643f29 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:09.946168Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 7fc0b497-7495-40f6-b9cf-1a6fee3999ec · outbound

This paper cites Advancing biomolecular understanding and design following human instructions.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Advancing biomolecular understanding and design following human instructions

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:08.718419Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:02:08.718419Z digest=sha256:d0336d7eead501874fb688bc18b4598f458e0b9f2bed3ab319170343d68b7b62

Observation 1643f2c3-4bf3-4a49-9e07-29ab1dbd3190 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio Unresolved cited work

Reference 2020

Resolution
parse uncertain
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:10.288082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Pith citing papers

Observation b528f954-fe24-49e2-af0b-6249e3a4c37b · inbound

BioVeil MATRIX: Uncovering and categorizing vulnerabilities of agentic biological AI scientists cites this paper.

BioVeil MATRIX: Uncovering and categorizing vulnerabilities of agentic biological AI scientists Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio

Reference 4

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T15:26:08.597221Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 38cf125e-ee18-4c24-8b48-4b78d5ba5685 · inbound

Harmonizing AI Safety Thresholds cites this paper.

Harmonizing AI Safety Thresholds Can Large Language Models Design Biological Weapons? Evaluating Moremi Bio

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T21:24:12.214498Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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