Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science

As of 11 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 13 of 13 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.18719.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.18719 v1

Coverage vector

measured 13 of 13 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T04:37:52.622120Z

measured 14 of 14 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T15:08:51.868365Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-10T15:08:52.146099Z

Reference resolution

13 of 13 outbound references displayed

verified exact5
verified fuzzy3
unresolved5
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 79ea391a-a218-4bfd-bf1e-2bc91c463331 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T04:37:52.672182Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation e9684989-f298-4a47-ae63-0c4f79c5660f · outbound

This paper cites 3 points: The author answers the question thoroughly and thoughtfully and references information from the course to support their perspective or claims.

Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science 3 points: The author answers the question thoroughly and thoughtfully and references information from the course to support their perspective or claims

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:37:52.972419Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 7716b378-91f9-48c2-bdbc-90139445b651 · outbound

This paper cites Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback.

Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T04:37:52.600889Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 05f1dc5c-b776-4fbb-b035-df2814be3c9e · outbound

This paper cites 3 points: The author answers the question thoroughly and thoughtfully and references information from the course to support their perspective or claims.

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:37:52.962427Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 7398d29f-445b-4814-9787-38882cbf5352 · outbound

This paper cites Shapiro, S.

Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science Shapiro, S

Reference 158

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T04:37:52.607755Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ed2b6d0f-5f31-4dc1-9fbb-efc51a1391b1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science Unresolved cited work

Reference 243

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:37:52.953006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation cdb0f033-d166-43ac-b160-182700667a49 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science Unresolved cited work

Reference 420

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T04:37:52.652028Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 7bfe9e27-7a72-487b-8ff1-3e426bf66494 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science Unresolved cited work

Reference 692

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T04:37:52.592864Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 12737303-9662-40ce-9fbe-7bd9782718db · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science Unresolved cited work

Reference 746

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:37:52.991548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 341636d5-7325-4ac8-8791-8c94fd3bff0f · outbound

This paper cites Factcheck-Bench: Fine-Grained Evaluation Benchmark for Automatic Fact-checkers.

Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science Factcheck-Bench: Fine-Grained Evaluation Benchmark for Automatic Fact-checkers

Reference 754

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T04:37:52.613947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0aeacaa2-9357-4fb4-9f3a-482a16fb53c6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science Unresolved cited work

Reference 2020

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T04:37:52.662051Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 217c25da-7580-4299-b151-cac84ee9ff53 · outbound

This paper cites https://www.classcentral.com/report/mooc-stats-2021/.

Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science https://www.classcentral.com/report/mooc-stats-2021/

Reference 2021

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:37:52.982163Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation e8bc5ffe-83f4-4bab-93e2-ae9d0672ec27 · outbound

This paper cites Can Large Language Models Discern Evidence for Scientific Hypotheses? Case Studies in the Social Sciences.

Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science Can Large Language Models Discern Evidence for Scientific Hypotheses? Case Studies in the Social Sciences

Reference 2024

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T04:37:52.794477Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 251a9bab-3fa4-479d-be4c-e3465d2df899 · inbound

Automated Assignment Grading with Large Language Models: Insights From a Bioinformatics Course cites this paper.

Automated Assignment Grading with Large Language Models: Insights From a Bioinformatics Course Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T15:08:52.184505Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.