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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 50 of 50 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.11935.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.11935 v3

Coverage vector

measured 50 of 50 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.191079Z

measured 50 of 50 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

50 of 50 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact2
  • verified fuzzy40
  • unresolved8
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 67ada104-1119-4047-ae09-ad86d0bc8ad0 · outbound

This paper cites https://www.perplexity.ai.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes https://www.perplexity.ai

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.796967Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:22.985283Z digest=sha256:e1bd791ce59a3acf8395c0385c4a73515230dc9d580e58d73ee64ab270b0c0cd

Observation 308f208f-60a5-45c5-a20e-bc101cf0e013 · outbound

This paper cites Student-ai interaction: A case study of cs1 students.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Student-ai interaction: A case study of cs1 students

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.785827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:22.990851Z digest=sha256:e893b3df77c7ea710eb18e1fc41acf7021428ecf968368f3d9519aed3f6eeffd

Observation e315f74f-4781-40e2-9988-50d81bb9feab · outbound

This paper cites Trust in generative ai among students: An exploratory study.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Trust in generative ai among students: An exploratory study

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.775384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:22.995476Z digest=sha256:4ab6afec5eba1eef28909f72b6e6141fa008a123798446da1b72f8ebdfac3713

Observation 992a61dc-d68b-4c15-a222-e39bfa364db7 · outbound

This paper cites AI-enhanced Auto-correction of Programming Exercises: How Effective is GPT-3.5?.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes AI-enhanced Auto-correction of Programming Exercises: How Effective is GPT-3.5?

Reference 4

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.275184Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:22.999978Z digest=sha256:6c9911d1c7c74ca657e7b0644e54115e238a95412a614cd484e991c32f2f7501

Observation a68cfb38-6bc4-461c-8872-81fc7a84c218 · outbound

This paper cites Becker, Paul Denny, James Finnie-Ansley, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, James Prather, and Eddie Antonio Santos.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Becker, Paul Denny, James Finnie-Ansley, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, James Prather, and Eddie Antonio Santos

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.764154Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.005225Z digest=sha256:09aa2259dc6a932312d9c1238eb61c6511c8d952e9a4a3983ac2e8778f624fcd

Observation 4b3401df-8691-40af-b6e2-6fc4e4eaf712 · outbound

This paper cites Bruce Croft, and Mark Sanderson.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Bruce Croft, and Mark Sanderson

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.751930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.009028Z digest=sha256:f1afb1c96a7ad12f7c4ff8be3ee412c7c183dcedca1959cac4e1bbcb89bc06a2

Observation 35853da6-eb04-4fbc-834f-78c0c76f2803 · outbound

This paper cites Two studies of opportunistic programming: interleaving web foraging, learning, and writing code.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Two studies of opportunistic programming: interleaving web foraging, learning, and writing code

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.738979Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.013411Z digest=sha256:7f5251e36b9dd6b00e6480413f6b1c27f0e48007ec5cbb42c04a0ec690b46a08

Observation 55d56c1c-e8d3-425d-a997-d1344a50d1aa · outbound

This paper cites A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.016970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.016970Z digest=sha256:f52d0bb8404352595b2fcbee7ca33644aabfc09b4b2d6e4ec464e3cef1a0eab3

Observation 2be44877-1f40-42f7-a710-8f94ef45c593 · outbound

This paper cites Can We Trust AI-Generated Educational Content? Comparative Analysis of Human and AI-Generated Learning Resources.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Can We Trust AI-Generated Educational Content? Comparative Analysis of Human and AI-Generated Learning Resources

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.020486Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.020486Z digest=sha256:fd03ffaf24f7bd2459320bae21447325d05be5fcc990d069da0563c8ba12d2e5

Observation 0e38ef93-b8af-4399-bec3-811394433e98 · outbound

This paper cites Robillard.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Robillard

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.719542Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.024079Z digest=sha256:aa0ee23b65edbbe0b4c4f0d59756a05ee559024cfc68c1da35798586a5dedc0e

Observation 9dfc2780-99cd-473a-a916-6aecf036333c · outbound

This paper cites Immediately invoked function expressions (iife) in javascript.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Immediately invoked function expressions (iife) in javascript

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.707325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.027937Z digest=sha256:5d96841660c46f0d7c03d2ce36476a19185f6e5dbb369a41294f22a412bf8172

Observation c87625d4-1c78-4ab5-8061-ea1e91fb7bef · outbound

This paper cites Six opportunities for scientists and engineers to learn programming using ai tools such as chatgpt.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Six opportunities for scientists and engineers to learn programming using ai tools such as chatgpt

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.695579Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.031783Z digest=sha256:eb52648f8c77bc53bdf28af5b3f87539b61aecbbea1f5396ec3301dfb640732b

Observation b6e507de-502b-4fd3-9767-33689ec05a7c · outbound

This paper cites Currying in javascript explained with examples.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Currying in javascript explained with examples

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.683541Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.036238Z digest=sha256:c2e67f18d00070472d6e1bcada3129b7f599be7034f026bacfc216fd6fbd4aad

Observation d629581b-0295-424f-9da4-6dc79634549b · outbound

This paper cites TELeR: A general taxonomy of LLM prompts for benchmarking complex tasks.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes TELeR: A general taxonomy of LLM prompts for benchmarking complex tasks

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.672763Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.040016Z digest=sha256:7559918234f0d5f27a9de574a66d327e0c69076cda9dc1375aa0b7d3c2f54390

Observation c2e8ffbb-4bc2-4252-bc30-9cdfa8ce22f2 · outbound

This paper cites How novices use llm-based code generators to solve cs1 coding tasks in a self-paced learning environment.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes How novices use llm-based code generators to solve cs1 coding tasks in a self-paced learning environment

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.655261Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.048122Z digest=sha256:aba37b2c6666ef9c3f1123c613d8d26fa7e30c377655c87591e537713cbc1385

Observation 3a528c96-0e28-4f99-ba19-e22083bc203c · outbound

This paper cites Codeaid: Evaluating a classroom deployment of an llm-based programming assistant that balances student and educator needs.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Codeaid: Evaluating a classroom deployment of an llm-based programming assistant that balances student and educator needs

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.643759Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.052728Z digest=sha256:667f3557ad72879fde27b4e8e739c6aaac5faea3977196bb8ee66b74ca44d331

Observation f94d2b6e-bb3e-41ad-8570-c6a5a5185876 · outbound

This paper cites Information needs in collocated software development teams.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Information needs in collocated software development teams

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.632508Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.057659Z digest=sha256:f981be5f5732c8db3868a88bd5460d0f98a2d6bbf729a28cfeaa8f6535282691

Observation d1dc32dc-d21d-48a6-b2bf-72426e105e39 · outbound

This paper cites Multimodality of ai for education: Towards artificial general intelligence, 2023.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Multimodality of ai for education: Towards artificial general intelligence, 2023

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.621231Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.061866Z digest=sha256:40c74ca6891dfba1e8da34548cfaefca11356166ad2fddc41120b794ca2f77f1

Observation 27e4ff26-fa14-4db0-b7ae-b49be6083fde · outbound

This paper cites The impact of generative ai on critical thinking: Self-reported reductions in cognitive effort and confidence effects from a survey of knowledge workers.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes The impact of generative ai on critical thinking: Self-reported reductions in cognitive effort and confidence effects from a survey of knowledge workers

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.609804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.066271Z digest=sha256:05ebb945f0abad897c759862a67e43f63c00f36b5809bf1bc5bc432ec3d6f6b1

Observation 1b899a51-9c10-40e7-af00-d4b631c1f3dc · outbound

This paper cites Comparing code explanations created by students and large language models.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Comparing code explanations created by students and large language models

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.598004Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.070325Z digest=sha256:a8af2587157a1a8994afa466ee86a0dd66251e13c26e57fe0b54a50cd8a49def

Observation 569af410-7878-4750-85a4-5ce021b3cd7c · outbound

This paper cites Experiences from using code explanations generated by large language models in a web software development e-book.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Experiences from using code explanations generated by large language models in a web software development e-book

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.586572Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.074425Z digest=sha256:9dafc15df00f7973d4c57c20387dbf8c4aa711f524993fb694278d266d648bb2

Observation 5bf35779-763e-499a-a53d-d2c728ab4adf · outbound

This paper cites Why computing students learn on their own: Motivation for self-directed learning of computing.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Why computing students learn on their own: Motivation for self-directed learning of computing

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.576481Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.078569Z digest=sha256:eeb6ef3ee5ec7f5c24d0dbe9297a03187694a92cc2492a7e4236455134d4af72

Observation a890a1a5-2764-4b5c-8505-8c368527a6d3 · outbound

This paper cites Computing students learning computing informally.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Computing students learning computing informally

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.566667Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.083181Z digest=sha256:3826b7dc104c99f09ba24a32bb81452bbf8ae7ea622e19ed5f2067ad12674833

Observation 056937c9-ed53-4fe0-81ca-a8bbd9cb2a9c · outbound

This paper cites Social media as a complementary learning tool for teaching and learning: The case of youtube.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Social media as a complementary learning tool for teaching and learning: The case of youtube

Reference 24

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.557474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.087408Z digest=sha256:7ba9b3d3d6fa94a6583030f09325eda921a194bf3cf98d1e858b64f781f14948

Observation a9bf1ee7-b022-4a41-bdcd-30874f2e3428 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.546317Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.092160Z digest=sha256:669fdc4694894b88066514bb5e38f3f5045b6de3bac191b7e5240929ae064217

Observation cb5e7feb-098a-4e8d-b9de-209f9c5dd169 · outbound

This paper cites The impact of prompt engineering and a generative ai-driven tool on autonomous learning: A case study.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes The impact of prompt engineering and a generative ai-driven tool on autonomous learning: A case study

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.533858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.096054Z digest=sha256:5a25dbc0b2d893f64dd94c1fe6bf38a06f06a5a00d6998490ff744346c42c8c9

Observation 80845adb-46ac-46d1-b920-ed0e682c39b2 · outbound

This paper cites How beginning programmers and code llms (mis)read each other.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes How beginning programmers and code llms (mis)read each other

Reference 27

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.522302Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.100384Z digest=sha256:008a8ea3457cab1f97ae10fdb52fe8c8f881467a2bbb3365f249b6d325d434aa

Observation c787c3eb-d14f-4f2c-8908-38baa5bda3c3 · outbound

This paper cites Information foraging in information access environments.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Information foraging in information access environments

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.510632Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.104782Z digest=sha256:15eac661165ac2cbcb305d58e347126a65ae2d54dec428ce6df0f0e73a25efc1

Observation 4ed1f235-ed06-4503-9ebd-d615881d9c97 · outbound

This paper cites The Robots are Here: Navigating the Generative AI Revolution in Computing Education.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes The Robots are Here: Navigating the Generative AI Revolution in Computing Education

Reference 29

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.245070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.109219Z digest=sha256:6ea39fb5c2d4e09febd173cf2be4c1713e4e71102d0824c77ae54472fca283a8

Observation 8d6d5bc5-b3ef-4183-bbe4-6f761c90e44e · outbound

This paper cites The widening gap: The benefits and harms of generative ai for novice programmers.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes The widening gap: The benefits and harms of generative ai for novice programmers

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.498321Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.113555Z digest=sha256:a50cff5265b24730bd7fc92479ffb5008a6e19a778eab870e4a64103acf702af

Observation 5041d52b-a019-4cb4-89eb-5237848bce08 · outbound

This paper cites Randrianasolo, Brett Becker, Bailey Kimmel, Jared Wright, and Ben Briggs.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Randrianasolo, Brett Becker, Bailey Kimmel, Jared Wright, and Ben Briggs

Reference 31

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.486815Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.117355Z digest=sha256:08dd0d25f1effafe22395849af5d57356f5958f03e0738f1881da2ebc5d8fa8d

Observation 56b29d47-f0c6-43b5-a24f-d867b45c7793 · outbound

This paper cites "It's Weird That it Knows What I Want": Usability and Interactions with Copilot for Novice Programmers.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes "It's Weird That it Knows What I Want": Usability and Interactions with Copilot for Novice Programmers

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.121242Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.121242Z digest=sha256:c4a06c0233354f24479038f1305aef40d61f6cf4d824d502e5766547c27e75d3

Observation 68606d49-c02c-4795-9aa2-47ae37db1095 · outbound

This paper cites Chatgpt in computer science curriculum assessment: An analysis of its successes and shortcomings.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Chatgpt in computer science curriculum assessment: An analysis of its successes and shortcomings

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.475165Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.125115Z digest=sha256:5e2113b183a69a38a4bab88bd1cb9a707563ce5bc2367486049325e2c295c63d

Observation 7b687e52-fe9e-45e8-a1db-f24b0d03f290 · outbound

This paper cites Next-step hint generation for introductory programming using large language models, 2023.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Next-step hint generation for introductory programming using large language models, 2023

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.463874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.129301Z digest=sha256:a61729d0c2424d6684dfd9eea14aee363134dd10316f29ede8acf02a48e2a0aa

Observation f37b7bca-fc04-4ab6-b178-df8e643cee1c · outbound

This paper cites Gordon, Carina Negreanu, Christian Poelitz, Sruti Srinivasa Ragavan, and Ben Zorn.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Gordon, Carina Negreanu, Christian Poelitz, Sruti Srinivasa Ragavan, and Ben Zorn

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.453073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.133271Z digest=sha256:6da5ff0b106b95569611fb17daf9f468b23289f7b947896d41f83dc6e7688896

Observation a8e88129-9213-43ca-8f4f-c61f9c4ddba5 · outbound

This paper cites How knowledge workers use the web.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes How knowledge workers use the web

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.441558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.137870Z digest=sha256:8a6dd4ef13b6b2c63c91a3d4744407193b0127d3ae4973b89445a3b7c191a15c

Observation 3e03af5b-c3e4-4f6d-809c-4a3308816e9c · outbound

This paper cites Sellen, Rachel Murphy, and Kate L.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Sellen, Rachel Murphy, and Kate L

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.429896Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.141967Z digest=sha256:96a49b303d3e71dc62936656f8cb250a5d27d04dd54ff4704790e77849c07453

Observation 63eafb3d-32b1-40ad-a043-62d910cc0fea · outbound

This paper cites An investigation of the drivers of novice programmers’ intentions to use web search and genai.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes An investigation of the drivers of novice programmers’ intentions to use web search and genai

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.417776Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.146245Z digest=sha256:2caad589831c236b881343da302396c5c4cd794f50471ff6b40c17f51fa9aa5b

Observation 8f68f732-3aa5-42e3-8063-82063b4412db · outbound

This paper cites Stack overflow developer survey 2024, 2024.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Stack overflow developer survey 2024, 2024

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.397593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.154584Z digest=sha256:4ba6269609dc814213d7609207b22722928c0622debea7a55134f9574a40b809

Observation 690d9586-26af-4b15-baee-7e089ef6964b · outbound

This paper cites Investigating students’ programming behaviors, interaction qualities and perceptions through prompt-based learning in ChatGPT.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Investigating students’ programming behaviors, interaction qualities and perceptions through prompt-based learning in ChatGPT

Reference 40

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.384781Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.158479Z digest=sha256:e60dac849a669286596f85bbda94ce38b31a11f9ac499d728b72b7debb916470

Observation 383bfaf0-1cce-41e5-b2c7-c3f6f76750ec · outbound

This paper cites Investigating students’ programming behaviors, interaction qualities and perceptions through prompt-based learning in chatgpt.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Investigating students’ programming behaviors, interaction qualities and perceptions through prompt-based learning in chatgpt

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.372218Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.162609Z digest=sha256:1c3b4a39e5a6a295acdbf369e1b1b559a5cfe65b51a2aa8c993224689fbe1207

Observation 63ee306e-1153-4a30-8a5b-ba7f787154f7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.361151Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.166589Z digest=sha256:f3fe1c3cfc445828dae720e6632f13678e45fcc78bd7c74892d83f55d7a00667

Observation 6510076d-55c8-4c8f-bb9c-b9a7b3c960fd · outbound

This paper cites Comparing non-visual and visual information foraging on the web.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Comparing non-visual and visual information foraging on the web

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.350045Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.170824Z digest=sha256:cf9e4687318173e3840e0768f17f984b83d15ac63739fae9c6e3458a25cd6ec5

Observation fb8f1a00-97dd-46b4-b99a-4d8b0641ab7d · outbound

This paper cites Fostering postgraduate student engagement: online resources supporting self-directed learning in a diverse cohort.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Fostering postgraduate student engagement: online resources supporting self-directed learning in a diverse cohort

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.337324Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.175090Z digest=sha256:6fba7cfb72a229f57b66be7d0688eba10c7b36ba83a6c961dfc5f356ae821472

Observation 69611bd8-564e-43a8-8843-0e28d385233a · outbound

This paper cites The rise and development of digital education.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes The rise and development of digital education

Reference 45

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.324212Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.178769Z digest=sha256:f7b323775b7fbb58e74d1c132bded34c89956b3382860e3488d578851c196ec5

Observation 7117cad8-c6fa-4be4-bb69-cc3e3c9ecd98 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.312303Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.182768Z digest=sha256:0b1dfdd17cdeb6f50d98eb491ef14e7551fa63f8f235080a3d8ed5d5344bac21

Observation b7fd15b8-9722-4477-91aa-6836b1eac00e · outbound

This paper cites A comprehensive systematic review of ai-driven approaches to self-directed learning.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes A comprehensive systematic review of ai-driven approaches to self-directed learning

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.300150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.186965Z digest=sha256:883173f8ee33e37957108cfcc8e75902085dbe0f47706ed12b25492303a29f5e

Observation 915d7c59-981c-4c7a-b468-11ad110026c4 · outbound

This paper cites A comprehensive systematic review of ai-driven approaches to self-directed learning.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes A comprehensive systematic review of ai-driven approaches to self-directed learning

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.287249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.191079Z digest=sha256:7e6bf85aaa2fd82d99a51eefa2791fdea18681e251f6e7c3114cb7ed6a0f9f65

Observation b2e9a2ea-93aa-461e-bf7c-b137cdeac09f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Unresolved cited work

Reference 2023

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.044098Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.044098Z digest=sha256:49f2459123494204dc603dde45b89591796108ab91581f902de3abe8212a78ea

Observation 3170a29f-41e6-4f6b-8d02-d929ab96fcc5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Unresolved cited work

Reference 2024

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.150523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.150523Z digest=sha256:82bca060cf7e3123bee9a5d591bc87ed8d920c4960af8482b0c4d54af9f0f858

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.