Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 22 of 22 outbound references and 12 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.11072.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.11072 v2

Coverage vector

measured 22 of 22 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.366934Z

measured 34 of 34 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 12 of 12 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T11:26:53.009551Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

22 of 22 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy1
unresolved17
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch4

External citation measurements

2
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

Observation cb481f7f-fc87-421d-9d71-e1d0ad370e4f · outbound

This paper cites The Impact of Preference Agreement in Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback: A Case Study in Summarization.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey The Impact of Preference Agreement in Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback: A Case Study in Summarization

Reference 6

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.671245Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 1e3e3ea0-4d6b-463e-bfde-346f8bac35e2 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating the Elementary Multilingual Capabilities of Large Language Models with MultiQ.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey Evaluating the Elementary Multilingual Capabilities of Large Language Models with MultiQ

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.280700Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8053affd-c9d5-4be1-b31b-fa81205ea4fa · outbound

This paper cites Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCode.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCode

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.297023Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f8291b8a-675b-4762-9d4e-bd983e98c13a · outbound

This paper cites MaLA-500: Massive Language Adaptation of Large Language Models.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey MaLA-500: Massive Language Adaptation of Large Language Models

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.303875Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 207b8a75-3ba5-4531-8015-212217d4e506 · outbound

This paper cites What Drives Performance in Multilingual Language Models?.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey What Drives Performance in Multilingual Language Models?

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.317305Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation db11eea4-a6aa-4b4f-8fc7-ba9e9055c849 · outbound

This paper cites Empowering Cross-lingual Abilities of Instruction-tuned Large Language Models by Translation-following demonstrations.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey Empowering Cross-lingual Abilities of Instruction-tuned Large Language Models by Translation-following demonstrations

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.329349Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2c029025-305e-4494-8f62-821e935cfa33 · outbound

This paper cites UL2: Unifying Language Learning Paradigms.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey UL2: Unifying Language Learning Paradigms

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.340181Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 029e93d2-1262-47d7-8f49-bf00e819f581 · outbound

This paper cites CRAFT: Extracting and Tuning Cultural Instructions from the Wild.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey CRAFT: Extracting and Tuning Cultural Instructions from the Wild

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.345291Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b3d39c0f-1994-47c6-be48-c35aeab3d023 · outbound

This paper cites Do Llamas Work in English? On the Latent Language of Multilingual Transformers.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey Do Llamas Work in English? On the Latent Language of Multilingual Transformers

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.356183Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5918f534-acd5-4a7f-8981-d919afe89c61 · outbound

This paper cites SLiC-HF: Sequence Likelihood Calibration with Human Feedback.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey SLiC-HF: Sequence Likelihood Calibration with Human Feedback

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.366934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 812bed17-c780-4f37-bc6b-e284bc08fa35 · outbound

This paper cites MEGAVERSE: Benchmarking Large Language Models Across Languages, Modalities, Models and Tasks.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey MEGAVERSE: Benchmarking Large Language Models Across Languages, Modalities, Models and Tasks

Reference 211

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.244576Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 934a5bad-32a6-466f-870e-bae9a138a449 · outbound

This paper cites MPN: Leveraging Multilingual Patch Neuron for Cross-lingual Model Editing.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey MPN: Leveraging Multilingual Patch Neuron for Cross-lingual Model Editing

Reference 224

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.769717Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 1b6c38d5-309e-4c09-a4a7-6618e4cfe693 · outbound

This paper cites CIVICS: Building a Dataset for Examining Culturally-Informed Values in Large Language Models.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey CIVICS: Building a Dataset for Examining Culturally-Informed Values in Large Language Models

Reference 617

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.323499Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 05f68617-605e-4e68-8d5e-c5b420b91bc6 · outbound

This paper cites Investigating Multilingual Instruction-Tuning: Do Polyglot Models Demand for Multilingual Instructions?.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey Investigating Multilingual Instruction-Tuning: Do Polyglot Models Demand for Multilingual Instructions?

Reference 715

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.350688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6f33a859-4ee9-4637-b09f-694cc737aa8b · outbound

This paper cites Unraveling Babel: Exploring Multilingual Activation Patterns of LLMs and Their Applications.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey Unraveling Babel: Exploring Multilingual Activation Patterns of LLMs and Their Applications

Reference 818

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.544909Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 9e281db3-4395-443d-800d-940b5425d36d · outbound

This paper cites Improving Translation Faithfulness of Large Language Models via Augmenting Instructions.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey Improving Translation Faithfulness of Large Language Models via Augmenting Instructions

Reference 1356

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.252253Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ae6ad2a1-1c44-42df-82f7-332999f4735a · outbound

This paper cites Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale

Reference 2018

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.262797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bd0c3723-1a1b-456b-8a76-bb3b7c4c7130 · outbound

This paper cites Turning English-centric LLMs Into Polyglots: How Much Multilinguality Is Needed?.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey Turning English-centric LLMs Into Polyglots: How Much Multilinguality Is Needed?

Reference 2020

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.291413Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 63e1a1a1-c07b-4587-bc57-b34595337dff · outbound

This paper cites Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language Models.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language Models

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.361493Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f0f32969-43de-406f-9c45-8a1a6439d4fe · outbound

This paper cites LegalRelectra: Mixed-domain Language Modeling for Long-range Legal Text Comprehension.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey LegalRelectra: Mixed-domain Language Modeling for Long-range Legal Text Comprehension

Reference 2022

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.628472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 08fc02ac-72ba-4c99-bdd1-b6add7258865 · outbound

This paper cites AlexisConneauandGuillaumeLample.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey AlexisConneauandGuillaumeLample

Reference 2023

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.835086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation bf210cf8-e972-4eb9-abe3-8823642ed61a · outbound

This paper cites Towards Boosting Many-to-Many Multilingual Machine Translation with Large Language Models.

Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey Towards Boosting Many-to-Many Multilingual Machine Translation with Large Language Models

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:00:14.269379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 8bcd7c7a-6ac4-461e-985c-19c1f2d93834 · inbound

The Bitter Lesson Learned from 2,000+ Multilingual Benchmarks cites this paper.

The Bitter Lesson Learned from 2,000+ Multilingual Benchmarks Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey

Reference 55

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:26:53.009551Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0a2196b9-842f-4f8c-940d-2433013a04c4 · inbound

FuxiMT: Sparsifying Large Language Models for Chinese-Centric Multilingual Machine Translation cites this paper.

FuxiMT: Sparsifying Large Language Models for Chinese-Centric Multilingual Machine Translation Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:41:17.973211Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0b826cfc-c2cb-4d77-9f7c-3cfa23910ef3 · inbound

A quantitative analysis of semantic information in deep representations of text and images cites this paper.

A quantitative analysis of semantic information in deep representations of text and images Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-22T14:41:41.524278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 7eded918-224c-4d23-b36f-4ec57ba54c8f · inbound

A quantitative analysis of semantic information in deep representations of text and images cites this paper.

A quantitative analysis of semantic information in deep representations of text and images Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:27:27.970091Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c09be27e-ef1a-4fac-bf7e-f2598641301e · inbound

Just Go Parallel: Improving the Multilingual Capabilities of Large Language Models cites this paper.

Just Go Parallel: Improving the Multilingual Capabilities of Large Language Models Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey

Reference 73

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:11:20.443623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 73259d88-f851-4ef2-85d1-b752a93d74be · inbound

From Curated Data to Scalable Models: Continual Pre-training of Dense and MoE Large Language Models for Tibetan cites this paper.

From Curated Data to Scalable Models: Continual Pre-training of Dense and MoE Large Language Models for Tibetan Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey

Reference 45

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-19T04:57:04.358393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 3758fbd8-d69e-45f0-a149-634b6a2d5cb0 · inbound

HKGAI-V1: Towards Regional Sovereign Large Language Model for Hong Kong cites this paper.

HKGAI-V1: Towards Regional Sovereign Large Language Model for Hong Kong Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey

Reference 64

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:38:18.882563Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 934235e9-fd83-4e87-b1dd-1c014919adc5 · inbound

LLaVA-NeuMT: Selective Layer-Neuron Modulation for Efficient Multilingual Multimodal Translation cites this paper.

LLaVA-NeuMT: Selective Layer-Neuron Modulation for Efficient Multilingual Multimodal Translation Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T18:10:55.976962Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dccb1653-7e37-4aff-8044-5805b4604376 · inbound

VisR-Bench: An Empirical Study on Visual Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Multilingual Long Document Understanding cites this paper.

VisR-Bench: An Empirical Study on Visual Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Multilingual Long Document Understanding Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T22:10:08.255901Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 90a24fe8-89de-462b-a77a-f0e989f96761 · inbound

APPSI-139: A Parallel Corpus of English Application Privacy Policy Summarization and Interpretation cites this paper.

APPSI-139: A Parallel Corpus of English Application Privacy Policy Summarization and Interpretation Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey

Reference 4

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:01:27.858823Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 4e66d668-1864-4e08-98cb-af1a7800cd8c · inbound

SARA: Unlocking Multilingual Knowledge in Mixture-of-Experts via Semantically Anchored Routing Alignment cites this paper.

SARA: Unlocking Multilingual Knowledge in Mixture-of-Experts via Semantically Anchored Routing Alignment Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey

Reference 50

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T20:00:09.057645Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 455b24bf-68bc-4181-a298-8fd080eab083 · inbound

YOMI-Bench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Kanji Reading and Phonological Understanding of LLMs for Japanese cites this paper.

YOMI-Bench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Kanji Reading and Phonological Understanding of LLMs for Japanese Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey

Reference 8

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T13:06:58.274241Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.