Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 46 of 46 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2502.05867.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.05867 v1

Coverage vector

measured 46 of 46 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.351017Z

measured 47 of 47 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T08:55:58.676999Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

46 of 46 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy1
unresolved45
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 5a6dfd48-a41e-45c5-bba9-a9d36e6ce5c2 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.187179Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 56cb0211-ae51-4b7a-803c-16f5fbdbccf7 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.192142Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e42d22ba-b494-44b4-94ac-c7ef54b2101d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.786639Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 9d0f2914-dbb4-499d-a6e8-5b8861dded6b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.200702Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3b07bd08-4e69-4792-bcce-d4c99c9b01fc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.769368Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 8bc50d21-9a52-47e0-a6b8-d2a3c5d8bced · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.208725Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 94e9bc6b-70a1-4ec7-920c-ab3ef2d0fa1f · outbound

This paper cites No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.212877Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a3b7aebb-b018-43cb-8a6f-36f49ef45952 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.758757Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 747ebe8e-7bed-48e0-b8f5-820fe5a16f88 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.748351Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 89715121-d190-49a6-9e8c-abb45856a940 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.224408Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fa95ade2-f7fc-4b5c-8b7e-37ceb159dff3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.228290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6a3e447b-20c5-4766-8e9d-17884e552a98 · outbound

This paper cites The Hallucinations Leaderboard -- An Open Effort to Measure Hallucinations in Large Language Models.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations The Hallucinations Leaderboard -- An Open Effort to Measure Hallucinations in Large Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.231844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 90bb6b99-f2dd-428c-ad4e-4f0ca97d49b7 · outbound

This paper cites Tool Documentation Enables Zero-Shot Tool-Usage with Large Language Models.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Tool Documentation Enables Zero-Shot Tool-Usage with Large Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.235575Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 89056c65-1c4e-472c-82d4-3743a04ffec4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.730977Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b4bc8f48-3cc9-4f96-8f2f-7b69e4ffb775 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.243081Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4879226e-a187-4741-bc65-8a26c9bd65c4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.246773Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 17cd3f1a-03d5-4828-a31c-3b47f634c3df · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.250100Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a4dd3c26-c573-403f-a9b3-6800a2db014c · outbound

This paper cites u ttler, Mike Lewis, Wen-tau Yih, Tim Rockt\.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations u ttler, Mike Lewis, Wen-tau Yih, Tim Rockt\

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.713551Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 05d28fd7-db87-4053-b0ed-422b37c5a3b0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.701865Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation f7ef6908-8c6b-4863-a144-87707b2856be · outbound

This paper cites Liu, Kevin Lin, John Hewitt, Ashwin Paranjape, Michele Bevilacqua, Fabio Petroni, and Percy Liang.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Liu, Kevin Lin, John Hewitt, Ashwin Paranjape, Michele Bevilacqua, Fabio Petroni, and Percy Liang

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.260523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d1c72029-f1d4-4a8d-9efd-56238db32948 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.263782Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 06f99afa-715e-4997-99f8-2d4cd0d58ab5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.684946Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 1893485d-27ff-42f7-ab0b-c7d23a51a47f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.270524Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2b1ff1eb-9d69-4b15-887d-d2985d7ba2e8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.674513Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ae470bb7-f412-4ac4-992c-c6ac288808d4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.663439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 98c3064b-7657-4379-b02b-aae8e8e7b958 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.653222Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c95c52ec-c849-4c0c-802b-4490c33a4806 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.283963Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6d1740ca-cf78-4c0f-8a02-d4b03b6d1714 · outbound

This paper cites Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIs.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIs

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.287437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 39749c56-e42d-4a3c-89d2-a0638cede427 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.291288Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bdc01c36-49df-4ad5-90dc-0a3a6cbae1ac · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.636354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 73793382-90f4-46bd-9187-80d1dc7866ee · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.625289Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7b4d1243-7848-4e72-a4ac-65756e0ca53b · outbound

This paper cites BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.302085Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 15ff65c6-b416-4c56-94b7-a8f30343e33c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.614330Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 18394d43-c006-46fa-8c7c-c1ab2ea4d003 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.602968Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 77aeaa92-1e05-43b2-9a61-31f9599d9985 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.312943Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 09873fa5-43cf-46f0-8fa2-2aa5541492ce · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.316884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d926c3a2-3df5-435b-aabc-8ecf1c10f770 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.320659Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1cf77885-afbd-465a-84e8-d6a45f46aaf8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.324149Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f4f3c343-4482-4415-b5ca-f4172466a9bc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.327588Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7fee97ef-04a0-4e3d-b928-982f9bb17832 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.578241Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 6b07331e-9dd0-4483-8ffe-943e95973357 · outbound

This paper cites Dai, and Quoc V Le.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Dai, and Quoc V Le

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.334234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a9dfcd5f-e374-438f-8716-0b3e9b841dae · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.558677Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b42073f7-72d4-4332-919b-b55917d15239 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.546924Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 61e6fbe3-eab8-4ef3-a5ad-f73f02f29854 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.535029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c072c966-0db9-40cb-882a-b50c8b2f47f8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.524720Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 251a8f53-5063-49b0-9b3b-aee8f5c41d42 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T17:40:56.513511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation fabb6a06-c309-4768-ad9b-bd27b5184468 · inbound

MENTOR: Reinforcement Learning via Flexible Teacher-Optimized Rewards for Tool-Use Distillation cites this paper.

MENTOR: Reinforcement Learning via Flexible Teacher-Optimized Rewards for Tool-Use Distillation Self-Training Large Language Models for Tool-Use Without Demonstrations

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:55:58.676999Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.