Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 17 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2303.10845.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2303.10845 v1

Coverage vector

measured 0 of 0 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 17 of 17 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00

measured 17 of 17 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T16:36:50.358163Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

0 of 0 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved0
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

7
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.

Pith citing papers

Observation 4ba9a870-4e0e-4131-8415-b4d30dcb7e32 · inbound

A Survey of Large Language Models cites this paper.

A Survey of Large Language Models PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 121

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T22:46:40.211139Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 1310ef44-2d01-4585-83d4-f4e97129c305 · inbound

A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models cites this paper.

A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 92

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-19T20:28:39.329561Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation ae70ef80-b5ef-446b-aa35-51beaf83df88 · inbound

DeepSeekMoE: Towards Ultimate Expert Specialization in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models cites this paper.

DeepSeekMoE: Towards Ultimate Expert Specialization in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T22:50:08.528385Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation ddead3ba-2780-4335-91eb-6fa7e4ef1dc9 · inbound

Re-Parameterization of Lightweight Transformer for On-Device Speech Emotion Recognition cites this paper.

Re-Parameterization of Lightweight Transformer for On-Device Speech Emotion Recognition PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:49:48.161202Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 785180cf-d561-41d9-a1dd-051adb4e1950 · inbound

Survey of different Large Language Model Architectures: Trends, Benchmarks, and Challenges cites this paper.

Survey of different Large Language Model Architectures: Trends, Benchmarks, and Challenges PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:41:12.844818Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7ee50cd7-c019-4cdb-8556-c7a3b3aded3a · inbound

Deploying Foundation Model Powered Agent Services: A Survey cites this paper.

Deploying Foundation Model Powered Agent Services: A Survey PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 168

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T13:09:46.346619Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2869ae3e-2b13-46c0-a802-9cc1f6fdf728 · inbound

FuxiMT: Sparsifying Large Language Models for Chinese-Centric Multilingual Machine Translation cites this paper.

FuxiMT: Sparsifying Large Language Models for Chinese-Centric Multilingual Machine Translation PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:41:16.351697Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 084b05a6-4f5a-47db-801b-fb9d6b952adf · inbound

Subspace Networks: Scaling Decentralized Training with Communication-Efficient Model Parallelism cites this paper.

Subspace Networks: Scaling Decentralized Training with Communication-Efficient Model Parallelism PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:14.338207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3ed3d23f-fb28-40c6-8035-d1376c321ca4 · inbound

Containerized In-Storage Processing and Computing-Enabled SSD Disaggregation cites this paper.

Containerized In-Storage Processing and Computing-Enabled SSD Disaggregation PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:40.422651Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d4f9ec71-2ff4-4ae9-b6eb-66e4b6769594 · inbound

Mixture-of-Clustered-Experts: Advancing Expert Specialization and Generalization in Instruction Tuning cites this paper.

Mixture-of-Clustered-Experts: Advancing Expert Specialization and Generalization in Instruction Tuning PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:36:50.358163Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b3d5063-e5c5-41b3-af68-1e9a91b4b261 · inbound

DEER: Disentangled Mixture of Experts with Instance-Adaptive Routing for Generalizable Machine-Generated Text Detection cites this paper.

DEER: Disentangled Mixture of Experts with Instance-Adaptive Routing for Generalizable Machine-Generated Text Detection PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T00:27:29.009428Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fcb41f25-646a-4bd6-8a09-59f9e468d634 · inbound

StackingNet: Collective Inference Across Independent AI Foundation Models cites this paper.

StackingNet: Collective Inference Across Independent AI Foundation Models PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T23:31:21.770053Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cbd4f9fb-7741-40cf-aea3-80b4d0ebeea7 · inbound

Universal Pansharpening Model cites this paper.

Universal Pansharpening Model PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T19:05:48.571719Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b03a233e-6da8-4cee-9555-2f1996a466da · inbound

Fine-grained Approaches for Confidence Calibration of LLMs in Automated Code Revision cites this paper.

Fine-grained Approaches for Confidence Calibration of LLMs in Automated Code Revision PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 79

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T00:50:50.396685Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 09f36bea-bda9-4566-8d71-d9d8006526de · inbound

SAMoRA: Semantic-Aware Mixture of LoRA Experts for Task-Adaptive Learning cites this paper.

SAMoRA: Semantic-Aware Mixture of LoRA Experts for Task-Adaptive Learning PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T02:27:36.456117Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 7a638aa8-a87a-47df-a28f-c152466447ba · inbound

HetCCL: Enabling Collective Communication For Mixed-Vendor Heterogeneous Clusters cites this paper.

HetCCL: Enabling Collective Communication For Mixed-Vendor Heterogeneous Clusters PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-28T20:22:37.223894Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation ffd7830d-380b-4942-badd-80fed5cdca26 · inbound

From Chatbot to Digital Colleague: The Paradigm Shift Toward Persistent Autonomous AI cites this paper.

From Chatbot to Digital Colleague: The Paradigm Shift Toward Persistent Autonomous AI PanGu-{\Sigma}: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing

Reference 237

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T11:29:42.392700Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.