Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2504.17626.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2504.17626 v1

Coverage vector

measured 43 of 43 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.028307Z

measured 43 of 43 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

43 of 43 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy38
unresolved5
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 95f2d368-ac4a-45c9-91c8-a52ddbb5cd31 · outbound

This paper cites Mea- suring the objectness of image windows.IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 34(11):2189–2202,.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Mea- suring the objectness of image windows.IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 34(11):2189–2202,

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.418301Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 17d09651-4e70-4e83-b24d-058f56df8f02 · outbound

This paper cites Deep vit features as dense visual descriptors.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Deep vit features as dense visual descriptors

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.409892Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation d85ac9a3-ed47-43a8-8c8c-670862aaaea2 · outbound

This paper cites Multiscale combinatorial grouping.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Multiscale combinatorial grouping

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.402073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation d7f2b00c-ddbf-4e63-b7e8-609fb740cfbb · outbound

This paper cites Seam carving for content-aware image resizing.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Seam carving for content-aware image resizing

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.392918Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 23306c6d-e9d1-41ed-9bd9-6a504efd3cac · outbound

This paper cites Salient object detection: A survey.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Salient object detection: A survey

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.383680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 05132ccf-026e-4346-9c32-c95404bd82b6 · outbound

This paper cites Emerging properties in self-supervised vision transformers.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Emerging properties in self-supervised vision transformers

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.374607Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 011334be-7a7a-4895-8825-8ecb49871bbd · outbound

This paper cites MMDetection: Open MMLab Detection Toolbox and Benchmark.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background MMDetection: Open MMLab Detection Toolbox and Benchmark

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:46.922061Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation eeec078f-f149-4c0a-8a9a-f8b58a50bfc9 · outbound

This paper cites Imagenet: A large-scale hierarchical image database.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Imagenet: A large-scale hierarchical image database

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:46.924926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 623599c5-9de0-49a0-8eaa-e66ff0e1e0fd · outbound

This paper cites Category independent object proposals.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Category independent object proposals

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.360707Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 36475c7c-f62a-44de-ace4-5c836721f089 · outbound

This paper cites The pascal visual object classes (voc) challenge.International journal of computer vision, 88:303–338, 2010.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background The pascal visual object classes (voc) challenge.International journal of computer vision, 88:303–338, 2010

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.352034Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 55f0d3b1-347f-4c9a-baea-43325837ad5d · outbound

This paper cites Lvis: A dataset for large vocabulary instance segmentation.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Lvis: A dataset for large vocabulary instance segmentation

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.343576Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 7576524e-9c3f-4f13-b758-9dee07ddd329 · outbound

This paper cites Deep residual learning for image recognition.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Deep residual learning for image recognition

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:46.936084Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation a059d9ff-cbdc-4c0c-bf35-12d2e6e9980e · outbound

This paper cites Statistical color models with application to skin detection.International journal of computer vision, 46:81–96, 2002.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Statistical color models with application to skin detection.International journal of computer vision, 46:81–96, 2002

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.329758Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 0c342279-bf56-4404-95d3-b77c965b7e43 · outbound

This paper cites Learning open-world object proposals without learning to classify.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Learning open-world object proposals without learning to classify

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.322287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation c5923d0f-87bb-40f1-a3d3-fda946cab9e0 · outbound

This paper cites Deepbox: Learning objectness with convolutional networks.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Deepbox: Learning objectness with convolutional networks

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.314579Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 66ca6206-84b0-4c26-aeee-301c03e5a221 · outbound

This paper cites Zoom out-and-in network with map attention decision for region proposal and object detection.International Journal of Computer V ision, 127:225–238, 2019.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Zoom out-and-in network with map attention decision for region proposal and object detection.International Journal of Computer V ision, 127:225–238, 2019

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.306449Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 2e9df66a-1e67-4948-929c-cc188409a8d4 · outbound

This paper cites Microsoft coco: Common objects in context.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Microsoft coco: Common objects in context

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.297933Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation a61ff4f2-a9e9-4c08-a816-375cd239cd93 · outbound

This paper cites Prime object proposals with randomized prim’s algorithm.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Prime object proposals with randomized prim’s algorithm

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.289119Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation ac5d24dd-a6b1-47d9-bf61-ee26bec12fee · outbound

This paper cites Learning to segment object candidates.Advances in neural information processing systems, 28, 2015.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Learning to segment object candidates.Advances in neural information processing systems, 28, 2015

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.279358Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation dfd5de5f-e4ec-43f3-896f-fef7afd185d4 · outbound

This paper cites DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervision.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervision

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:46.959565Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 6be1f439-e55d-41d2-8a30-1c9a995bd897 · outbound

This paper cites A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms.Automatica, 11(285-296):23–27, 1975.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms.Automatica, 11(285-296):23–27, 1975

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.269485Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 1596e9ef-3fba-467d-9d3b-9100f0fa9d47 · outbound

This paper cites Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:46.965591Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e2f93d78-24e4-475a-9498-5ecc0f3f543b · outbound

This paper cites Figure/ground assignment in natural images.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Figure/ground assignment in natural images

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.259406Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation e27f5524-1b0e-4069-826d-5c0ed40c1d7c · outbound

This paper cites Generalized intersec- tion over union: A metric and a loss for bounding box regression.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Generalized intersec- tion over union: A metric and a loss for bounding box regression

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.251036Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation e7603616-cfe6-43ea-b417-ca6cb4d114ba · outbound

This paper cites Learn- ing to detect every thing in an open world.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Learn- ing to detect every thing in an open world

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.241654Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation b94de1a9-7a75-4e9f-b849-fa13eb26e287 · outbound

This paper cites Localizing objects with self-supervised transformers and no labels.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Localizing objects with self-supervised transformers and no labels

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.233036Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 14d8dbc9-5424-4fe1-8ede-d1a1dc538bde · outbound

This paper cites Unsupervised object local- ization: Observing the background to discover objects.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Unsupervised object local- ization: Observing the background to discover objects

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.223350Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 71fbb6cd-820a-410a-848f-4aa57af8df3f · outbound

This paper cites Unsupervised object localization in the era of self-supervised vits: A survey.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Unsupervised object localization in the era of self-supervised vits: A survey

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.214318Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation aff58662-6e9c-464d-bce6-35ea8ac9d655 · outbound

This paper cites Unsuper- vised discovery of mid-level discriminative patches.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Unsuper- vised discovery of mid-level discriminative patches

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.206006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation b3f58a93-8940-4acb-accb-05983a5b9c12 · outbound

This paper cites Fcos: A simple and strong anchor-free object detector.IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 44(4):1922–1933,.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Fcos: A simple and strong anchor-free object detector.IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 44(4):1922–1933,

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.197855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 42f57296-75ca-42d7-86e3-670630011bab · outbound

This paper cites Selective search for object recognition.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Selective search for object recognition

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.189106Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation b82ac0c8-f1ea-4170-806f-a215fe6ecd58 · outbound

This paper cites A tutorial on spectral clustering.Statistics and computing, 17:395–416, 2007.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background A tutorial on spectral clustering.Statistics and computing, 17:395–416, 2007

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.180534Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation cc56a83c-1d18-4901-a684-5d9e49172e8c · outbound

This paper cites Region proposal by guided anchoring.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Region proposal by guided anchoring

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.172025Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 21039648-57ce-49ea-a789-aac27caa41fe · outbound

This paper cites Open-world instance segmentation: Exploiting pseudo ground truth from learned pairwise affinity.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Open-world instance segmentation: Exploiting pseudo ground truth from learned pairwise affinity

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.163347Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 1df249a7-184a-4cee-95c8-3e81a28aefe7 · outbound

This paper cites Tokencut: Segmenting objects in images and videos with self- supervised transformer and normalized cut.IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 2023.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Tokencut: Segmenting objects in images and videos with self- supervised transformer and normalized cut.IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 2023

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.154278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 736b0172-1325-429d-9fcc-5e0e0534d9d5 · outbound

This paper cites Color segmentation and figure-ground segregation of natural images.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Color segmentation and figure-ground segregation of natural images

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.144976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 6315b2d0-945c-4025-9eb5-871711513f9f · outbound

This paper cites Shape constrained figure-ground segmentation and tracking.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Shape constrained figure-ground segmentation and tracking

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.135977Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 1e093c18-0524-4578-879a-41d1ff28e48a · outbound

This paper cites Object-specific figure-ground segregation.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Object-specific figure-ground segregation

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.126849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation ba884827-f9aa-45c8-b910-534ce2117a9e · outbound

This paper cites A hierarchical markov random field model for figure-ground segregation.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background A hierarchical markov random field model for figure-ground segregation

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.117170Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation dd90c415-b7c5-4692-8154-1759d9816b7c · outbound

This paper cites Semantic understanding of scenes through the ade20k dataset.International Journal of Computer V ision, 127:302–321, 2019.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Semantic understanding of scenes through the ade20k dataset.International Journal of Computer V ision, 127:302–321, 2019

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.107941Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 5540b2c0-353e-41a9-babd-54a5e85cbfa7 · outbound

This paper cites Edge boxes: Locating object proposals from edges.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background Edge boxes: Locating object proposals from edges

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.099213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 76c6dc4a-23d9-42cb-b594-034d674277d7 · outbound

This paper cites We also provide visualization of the patches selected as exemplars to represent non-object information.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background We also provide visualization of the patches selected as exemplars to represent non-object information

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.091058Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 462c9887-e00c-41ab-bd98-8e2f2a981c7d · outbound

This paper cites The results are generated using models trained on the20 VOC categories.

Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background The results are generated using models trained on the20 VOC categories

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:41:47.081585Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.