Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:47.498041Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles
As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 58 of 58 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2508.10550.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
58 of 58 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy35
- unresolved22
- parse uncertain1
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 0ab518bc-7796-4b85-9f42-19ea0a603870 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 1
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:59.636129Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation ea813a90-00df-4d55-ba1c-657eb4702c20 · outbound
This paper cites Analogous to the case of kernels and fixed-parameter tractable problems, we get the following.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Analogous to the case of kernels and fixed-parameter tractable problems, we get the following
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:59.503546Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 6399cd9c-d4c8-4441-b530-cc425636ee9b · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 3
- Resolution
- parse uncertain
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:59.397274Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 1ffd5fbb-21bb-4807-9ef1-a3e84eebe822 · outbound
This paper cites classical.
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:59.239467Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation bb136642-f5a0-4c83-89f7-b07cb0f96db9 · outbound
This paper cites |y| ∈rO(1)), and.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles |y| ∈rO(1)), and
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:59.102180Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 66b4bc81-1b98-4d47-a3ce-defe0016d3a7 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 6
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:58.970418Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 27373520-80d7-4c85-b47a-3462e32b2507 · outbound
This paper cites selection vertices.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles selection vertices
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:58.827428Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation ecec2065-8917-40f3-a01c-104ed8a0dbab · outbound
This paper cites Cygan, F.
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:58.648539Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation afb24dea-769d-45b8-b36f-4532ba08414a · outbound
This paper cites Damaschke and L.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Damaschke and L
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:58.454463Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation ac815172-a793-434e-b879-282be15a2d76 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 14
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:58.314915Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 2b41267c-e80f-4742-85fa-62fb5d87e4fa · outbound
This paper cites Dell and D.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Dell and D
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:58.113558Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation fae83360-2aa6-486a-a9c8-12f3513d916e · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:57.904150Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 314237c6-4135-47ae-a64e-20e9a1359b90 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:57.751363Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 57c5ea7c-7dc8-4199-9d64-307252f7253e · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 18
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:57.564172Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation e38e039c-6686-4d4a-be26-8ee3e8f18f9f · outbound
This paper cites Endriss, R.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Endriss, R
Reference 19
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:57.323817Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 399c43c6-b1c1-4208-98bf-f9f0e5677353 · outbound
This paper cites Fafianie and S.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Fafianie and S
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:57.115256Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 13d3faa5-1b11-4efb-b9cc-360462359e75 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 21
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:56.913185Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation c346fea5-8b00-4294-9634-e794db3098e5 · outbound
This paper cites Flum and M.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Flum and M
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:56.706991Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation d057c40f-75f6-4c0b-9134-a8d6f55f3070 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 23
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:56.484223Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 0ef2d528-211e-4ed5-af84-6b1c480856cd · outbound
This paper cites Fortnow and R.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Fortnow and R
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:56.297908Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation c3bd9a81-f170-400e-8d67-5bbde2eb73ad · outbound
This paper cites Onthekernelsizeofcliquecoverreductionsforrandomintersection graphs.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Onthekernelsizeofcliquecoverreductionsforrandomintersection graphs
Reference 25
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:56.097205Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation eb5046d4-5646-4b33-9818-5e7d7f1e9bb2 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:55.843307Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 1bf6ea15-d833-4947-bc1f-8c1743cc8ebf · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:55.678902Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation f5649236-6d66-436a-bc70-4aa02646d77a · outbound
This paper cites Gong and X.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Gong and X
Reference 28
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:55.413443Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 14100ab4-a866-43ee-8b02-bc65a6779607 · outbound
This paper cites Guo and R.
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:55.164068Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation a560f943-5ac9-4dbd-8dbf-28e1668d924d · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 30
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:54.962678Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 658c2a1c-f18c-4a04-8045-52a1040a0dac · outbound
This paper cites de Haan.Parameterized Complexity in the Polynomial Hierarchy.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles de Haan.Parameterized Complexity in the Polynomial Hierarchy
Reference 31
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:54.734445Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 1483af88-6e18-4e1c-9661-0bcc7ecb499d · outbound
This paper cites de Haan and S.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles de Haan and S
Reference 32
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:54.520707Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation ac3e9019-8b85-4d83-ada3-13ce8cece7eb · outbound
This paper cites de Haan and S.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles de Haan and S
Reference 33
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:54.288332Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 5696e109-8924-4008-88a7-afc29aa3a744 · outbound
This paper cites de Haan and S.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles de Haan and S
Reference 34
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:54.064791Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 20702bf9-836f-4ba4-8a91-b0979a409086 · outbound
This paper cites de Haan and S.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles de Haan and S
Reference 35
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:53.847475Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 9321294d-6d2d-402f-8a6d-28e30c3fc211 · outbound
This paper cites de Haan and S.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles de Haan and S
Reference 36
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:53.669165Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 48c33182-752e-48c3-9769-359708f76b3c · outbound
This paper cites de Haan and S.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles de Haan and S
Reference 37
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:53.402841Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 2b13ea57-c038-448b-b04e-825498dbc36a · outbound
This paper cites de Haan, M.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles de Haan, M
Reference 38
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:53.153683Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 3034da37-f365-41fe-8bb4-0bc5ea683a42 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 39
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:52.876302Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation c6cb3a75-58c0-4a93-a39b-2f5209bbdf67 · outbound
This paper cites Jünger, T.
Reference 40
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:52.605302Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation b07c0569-cc4e-4f65-8616-41c15ca902b0 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 41
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:52.329846Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation b24a99c5-a344-4051-8aa1-4beb562d3076 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 42
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:52.009704Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 837136dc-8af1-4176-829a-75461ecfc509 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 43
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:51.726683Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation bf9b7ce8-b288-4210-9a68-0b0ee4c67c79 · outbound
This paper cites Lokshtanov.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Lokshtanov
Reference 44
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:51.415317Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 8d757f6f-9e9b-4873-b773-b0dbdaa802e8 · outbound
This paper cites Lokshtanov, N.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Lokshtanov, N
Reference 45
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:51.045647Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 0837da0c-c46f-43cf-9557-0cbadd060a51 · outbound
This paper cites Lokshtanov, F.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Lokshtanov, F
Reference 46
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:50.811526Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation bdb7e3d0-dd36-4a01-aa5b-628a957cff2c · outbound
This paper cites Lokshtanov, P.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Lokshtanov, P
Reference 47
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:50.454159Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation b0607dae-0d88-4f0e-b313-0dd587c46e4a · outbound
This paper cites Lokshtanov, P.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Lokshtanov, P
Reference 48
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:50.030828Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation c4dcd20f-b488-4621-b3c8-abe27f3dba28 · outbound
This paper cites Malik and L.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Malik and L
Reference 49
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:49.798268Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation f209ba72-f1ab-47b5-ad59-4e55f266e14f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 50
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:49.641778Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 0ec47e6c-6bd3-4670-bd59-f67ed97615e4 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 51
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:49.462738Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 23013651-ff51-4a2c-ada1-dbd20c4a436d · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 52
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:49.250203Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 81d3a4b3-a8df-4bdd-8ab0-bd5c7467d44a · outbound
This paper cites Niedermeier.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Niedermeier
Reference 53
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:49.074938Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 9c9376f1-cac1-4fca-83c8-8f7588230300 · outbound
This paper cites Pfandler, S.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Pfandler, S
Reference 54
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:48.915376Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 231896db-7af9-4c13-bac9-92af4e13cad3 · outbound
This paper cites van Rooij, M.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles van Rooij, M
Reference 55
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:48.749156Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 69d6fdc7-631c-43c3-96c4-8237dac89147 · outbound
This paper cites Rutenburg.
Reference 56
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:48.590990Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 409a8f17-0e72-4a8f-a12a-f5bc9c03a51c · outbound
This paper cites Saikko, J.
Reference 57
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:48.447663Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 039c7ffa-c51a-455c-8329-37fd0d163c6a · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 58
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:48.295535Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation bd60c1f1-c9a8-4b61-9471-e8a43e469e01 · outbound
This paper cites Schrijver.Theory of linear and integer programming.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Schrijver.Theory of linear and integer programming
Reference 59
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:48.151798Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation a8442df6-fd1a-42a5-988c-d721792336f1 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 60
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:47.949287Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 52c5a938-ede7-4cf8-808f-b45e5d38dddf · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 61
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:47.765664Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation d225a205-399b-4cab-b98d-b28424de3a65 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
On Kernelization with Access to NP-Oracles Unresolved cited work
Reference 62
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T20:32:47.643554Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.