Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 35 of 35 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2510.19590.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2510.19590 v1

Coverage vector

measured 35 of 35 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:42.523721Z

measured 35 of 35 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

35 of 35 outbound references displayed

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verified fuzzy0
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation e757accf-afbc-4144-8c41-3ab114877701 · outbound

This paper cites Retrieved July 2025 from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds), 2022.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Retrieved July 2025 from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds), 2022

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:39.164443Z

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Observation 34e77df7-4c97-44eb-851d-735c8032387a · outbound

This paper cites Deep learning in ECG diagnosis: A review,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Deep learning in ECG diagnosis: A review,

Reference 2

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:39.285323Z

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Observation ee74906f-5427-4ef8-9568-26a1f3993901 · outbound

This paper cites Deep learning and electrocardio- graphy: Systematic review of current techniques in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and management,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Deep learning and electrocardio- graphy: Systematic review of current techniques in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and management,

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:39.361707Z

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Observation 9d80fdd9-645d-4046-893e-50df735c0c94 · outbound

This paper cites Deep Learning–Augmented ECG Analysis for Screening and Genotype Prediction of Congenital Long QT Syndrome,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Deep Learning–Augmented ECG Analysis for Screening and Genotype Prediction of Congenital Long QT Syndrome,

Reference 4

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:39.409377Z

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Observation ede8f68b-2418-44d4-a568-6fd66faea2dc · outbound

This paper cites Automatic multilabel electrocardio- gram diagnosis of heart rhythm or conduction ab- normalities with deep learning: A cohort study,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Automatic multilabel electrocardio- gram diagnosis of heart rhythm or conduction ab- normalities with deep learning: A cohort study,

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:39.479423Z

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Observation 4f42d54e-8fc7-4f62-977a-dbb9272e3404 · outbound

This paper cites Automatic diagnosis of the 12- lead ecg using a deep neural network,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Automatic diagnosis of the 12- lead ecg using a deep neural network,

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:39.493043Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 3c6272a5-8877-4c9a-80c6-d2a81d2ec7c6 · outbound

This paper cites Machine learning for ECG di- agnosis and risk stratification of occlusion myocar- dial infarction,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Machine learning for ECG di- agnosis and risk stratification of occlusion myocar- dial infarction,

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:39.510348Z

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Observation 63c583bb-0e27-46cd-9f10-8dc2b32a7d4a · outbound

This paper cites A deep learning algorithm to de- tect anaemia with ECGs: A retrospective, multicen- tre study,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research A deep learning algorithm to de- tect anaemia with ECGs: A retrospective, multicen- tre study,

Reference 8

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Observation 9e4044d1-f8d6-417d-8867-e24b87a931f6 · outbound

This paper cites Electrocardiographic deep learn- ingforpredictingpost-proceduralmortality:Amodel development and validation study,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Electrocardiographic deep learn- ingforpredictingpost-proceduralmortality:Amodel development and validation study,

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:39.645479Z

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Observation bfcc9691-1b7b-44e0-9451-26852cbd9c14 · outbound

This paper cites Age and sex estimation using ar- tificial intelligence from standard 12-lead ecgs,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Age and sex estimation using ar- tificial intelligence from standard 12-lead ecgs,

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:39.797195Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5fc1c5e8-9677-4d82-be05-470d8a5e5628 · outbound

This paper cites ECGScan: A method for conversion of pa- per electrocardiographic printouts to digital electro- cardiographic files,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research ECGScan: A method for conversion of pa- per electrocardiographic printouts to digital electro- cardiographic files,

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:39.969118Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation a2371280-d52d-41f6-a11a-3fc36c482406 · outbound

This paper cites Novel Tool for Complete Digitization of Paper Electrocardiog- raphy Data,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Novel Tool for Complete Digitization of Paper Electrocardiog- raphy Data,

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:40.135015Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 893d9d67-dda0-4153-b7cb-04fa31e5ce39 · outbound

This paper cites High Precision Digitization of Paper-Based ECG Records: A Step Toward Machine learning,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research High Precision Digitization of Paper-Based ECG Records: A Step Toward Machine learning,

Reference 13

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:40.300514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation cf66b9e3-e98a-406c-af7e-f49315d03cb2 · outbound

This paper cites ECG Paper Record Digitization and Diagnosis Using Deep Learning,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research ECG Paper Record Digitization and Diagnosis Using Deep Learning,

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:40.452766Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation ef2c139b-11f7-46a4-a4ac-bf2005e69bcd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-04T08:44:06.102085Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 7fb6ca72-4c25-4f4c-ba46-e2bb3e726a61 · outbound

This paper cites A fully-automated paper ECG digiti- sation algorithm using deep learning,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research A fully-automated paper ECG digiti- sation algorithm using deep learning,

Reference 16

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:40.690557Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 84908a5d-3746-4858-8ebe-44cb097fd1c4 · outbound

This paper cites Digitization and Classification of ECG Images: The George B. Moody PhysioNet Challenge 2024,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Digitization and Classification of ECG Images: The George B. Moody PhysioNet Challenge 2024,

Reference 17

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:40.844559Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 8ca1e440-68d9-4a19-a6d9-162c0e00b152 · outbound

This paper cites Combining Hough Transform and Deep Learning Approaches to Reconstruct ECG Signals From Print- outs,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Combining Hough Transform and Deep Learning Approaches to Reconstruct ECG Signals From Print- outs,

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-04T08:44:05.759725Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 8a9aa77a-a89d-4f79-8f73-a1ba7efb0f08 · outbound

This paper cites Segmentation-based Ex- traction of Key Components from ECG Images: A Framework for Precise Classification and Digitiza- tion,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Segmentation-based Ex- traction of Key Components from ECG Images: A Framework for Precise Classification and Digitiza- tion,

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-04T08:44:05.463022Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 70f84803-d941-4050-ac1a-9ae5d9970e1e · outbound

This paper cites ECG- DUaL: Pose-invariant Digitization of printed electro- cardiograms via U-net and Local edge detection,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research ECG- DUaL: Pose-invariant Digitization of printed electro- cardiograms via U-net and Local edge detection,

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-04T08:44:05.107585Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation e6bc4010-ef71-4fcf-ac09-3af92e647ec4 · outbound

This paper cites High precision ECG digitiza- tion using artificial intelligence,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research High precision ECG digitiza- tion using artificial intelligence,

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:41.241842Z

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Observation 49844a79-1a87-4d09-b635-79217fe4f2db · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

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Observation 5a4cb548-d8b4-4791-b5fb-ae163e0eb725 · outbound

This paper cites Data quality in health- care for the purpose of artificial intelligence: A case study on ecg digitalization,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Data quality in health- care for the purpose of artificial intelligence: A case study on ecg digitalization,

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:41.388996Z

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Observation 78fab018-c95b-4b9f-94d2-f7ba6c27a243 · outbound

This paper cites Enabling clinical trials of artificial intelligence: In- frastructure for heart failure predictions.,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Enabling clinical trials of artificial intelligence: In- frastructure for heart failure predictions.,

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:41.492535Z

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Observation dfec1322-695b-4a00-9e29-27e7703f38c9 · outbound

This paper cites Layout-Invariant U-Net Segmentation for Time-Series Reconstruction from Noisy ECG Im- ages,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Layout-Invariant U-Net Segmentation for Time-Series Reconstruction from Noisy ECG Im- ages,

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-04T08:44:04.923559Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5a781ee4-d664-4517-8bfa-ecf5d895aa12 · outbound

This paper cites Diagnos- tic accuracy of the PMcardio smartphone application for artificial intelligence–based interpretation of elec- trocardiograms in primary care (AMSTELHEART- 1),.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Diagnos- tic accuracy of the PMcardio smartphone application for artificial intelligence–based interpretation of elec- trocardiograms in primary care (AMSTELHEART- 1),

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:41.660840Z

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Observation 86e5e0b5-ff47-4986-8a33-759c9ca80f4e · outbound

This paper cites U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:41.757835Z

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Observation 0ff07efe-5932-4930-bc68-c3865074aff3 · outbound

This paper cites Medical image segmentation review: The success of u-net,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Medical image segmentation review: The success of u-net,

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:41.847712Z

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Observation 2cc39adc-e4d0-4022-bfe6-c03885623af8 · outbound

This paper cites Use of the Hough trans- formation to detect lines and curves in pictures,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Use of the Hough trans- formation to detect lines and curves in pictures,

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:41.912467Z

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Observation e8085a8a-781a-4db6-b2ff-e699953875f9 · outbound

This paper cites On implementing 2D rectangu- lar assignment algorithms,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research On implementing 2D rectangu- lar assignment algorithms,

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:41.974796Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 08c23abb-df19-4183-82fe-ee23ff933cfa · outbound

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Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

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Observation bcb7772d-6734-499b-9574-74a1bda97c58 · outbound

This paper cites ECG-Image-Kit: A synthetic image generation toolbox to facilitate deep learning- based electrocardiogram digitization,.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research ECG-Image-Kit: A synthetic image generation toolbox to facilitate deep learning- based electrocardiogram digitization,

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-04T08:44:04.727925Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation be0de635-a336-4426-a3fc-95130cb2658d · outbound

This paper cites Segmentation Loss Odyssey.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Segmentation Loss Odyssey

Reference 33

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-04T08:44:04.577851Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation ff42ed07-4660-4105-bf49-39c03797a52e · outbound

This paper cites Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:42.371836Z

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Observation b91fde3e-c855-41f0-9564-3fed90a1a385 · outbound

This paper cites Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization.

Digitizing Paper ECGs at Scale: An Open-Source Algorithm for Clinical Research Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:40:42.523721Z

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Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.