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arxiv: 2606.04897 · v1 · pith:3XC3OGICnew · submitted 2026-06-03 · ❄️ cond-mat.dis-nn

Experimental observation of three-dimensional Anderson localization of electromagnetic waves

classification ❄️ cond-mat.dis-nn
keywords andersonlocalizationexperimentalthree-dimensionaldisorderedmetalphenomenonsystems
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A prominent phenomenon in contemporary condensed matter physics is Anderson localization -- suppression of wave propagation in disordered systems as a result of interference effects. Despite being observed with various types of waves over the years, all prior attempts to reach Anderson localization of light in three-dimensional systems have been hampered by experimental artifacts. Here, we report an unambiguous experimental proof of three-dimensional Anderson localization of microwaves in disordered metal aggregates. By studying samples with different metal volume fractions, we show a clear difference between diffusive and localized behaviors, and the latter is confirmed by a scaling analysis of transmitted beam width in excellent agreement with theoretical and numerical results. Our demonstration opens avenues for both fundamental studies and practical applications of this extraordinary phenomenon.

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