Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 38 of 38 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.05691.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.05691 v1

Coverage vector

measured 38 of 38 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.112009Z

measured 38 of 38 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

38 of 38 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy0
unresolved36
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 905fbc6e-d156-4f41-8fdd-bc69042694db · outbound

This paper cites URL: " 'urlintro :=.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models URL: " 'urlintro :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.004019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0bc92927-9e41-435c-ae20-59421c310b68 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.007364Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e5dfe192-f33f-46d4-9e61-fb68afd21ee4 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.010514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c8afc690-2048-4525-a530-f9cc74c4d293 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.450144Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation a2a99b8d-6167-4cab-8114-1dc11eb32bbe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.016564Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f007d46d-3226-4737-84f1-a819706769e4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.019689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a3dfb259-faf7-457e-92ba-524367eb256a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.438307Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 3810fd68-6c13-401e-be09-1f13b5375e24 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.431121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 844b4305-104e-4969-ab85-612886f26231 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.027793Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e18064a7-ec9f-49f7-ba8c-e58e72a10948 · outbound

This paper cites NV-Embed: Improved Techniques for Training LLMs as Generalist Embedding Models.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models NV-Embed: Improved Techniques for Training LLMs as Generalist Embedding Models

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.031161Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ef5a8833-3726-4a64-bdf2-cc7d22b3b8e3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.034219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ad9cf5bb-3755-49ae-b887-100161980daa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.419905Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation dfd2a592-ab60-4a50-9cc2-b96141fe8a8d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.411878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 5dc2715b-e00c-4001-8dd0-f5b04ca50d02 · outbound

This paper cites RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.043516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 13d4abbc-3db7-4630-9c5e-ccf8bcacddc1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.046488Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 79711589-939a-4fae-a32c-b4c4e727d603 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.048866Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b49bf0eb-1a14-403a-803a-80f3b37c37b2 · outbound

This paper cites SGPT: GPT Sentence Embeddings for Semantic Search.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models SGPT: GPT Sentence Embeddings for Semantic Search

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.051689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9dd6f997-31ff-490a-8269-8e577fd163db · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.054934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 632795ce-d1c6-41a1-ae36-099a99881290 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.400464Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 51735fff-568d-4a46-8b74-0c09ce6a1308 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.393149Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 9807a82c-1393-4a7f-97dd-8efe13b29c6f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.063264Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 02e5331c-e698-42ae-badd-1c7ce7ecc681 · outbound

This paper cites FERMAT: An Alternative to Accuracy for Numerical Reasoning.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models FERMAT: An Alternative to Accuracy for Numerical Reasoning

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.267770Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 3b332b3a-cfb1-4e1c-8676-0063e91e8f98 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.382294Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation a9ae6d14-8a06-4895-8980-c4b81220c820 · outbound

This paper cites MPNet: Masked and Permuted Pre-training for Language Understanding.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models MPNet: Masked and Permuted Pre-training for Language Understanding

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.073002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 08b218ab-6ccc-4e5d-b94a-c80deaea15f6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.374570Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 5f8bd15d-d471-4a70-8d90-58d30a351670 · outbound

This paper cites FinMTEB: Finance Massive Text Embedding Benchmark.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models FinMTEB: Finance Massive Text Embedding Benchmark

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.079684Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ea5dec57-51cf-4082-9516-5dd1f881e12d · outbound

This paper cites BEIR: A Heterogenous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Models.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models BEIR: A Heterogenous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Models

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.082641Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5df8b53b-67af-4f0f-9fb4-8238cb4d0a35 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.366376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation bc9fde08-1ab5-44dc-b72e-d2847aa28d66 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.357614Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation c41ff9e5-b32c-427b-88c6-19bbc96920f1 · outbound

This paper cites Improving Text Embeddings with Large Language Models.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Improving Text Embeddings with Large Language Models

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.090294Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1cb78f85-0cf8-45b2-b618-22513c679f06 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.350355Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 286a9bc2-834e-4cb7-97f8-8423487780ee · outbound

This paper cites Dense Retrievers Can Fail on Simple Queries: Revealing The Granularity Dilemma of Embeddings.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Dense Retrievers Can Fail on Simple Queries: Revealing The Granularity Dilemma of Embeddings

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.095458Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c2963e52-f081-495a-8401-2bb07e1f892d · outbound

This paper cites Financial Report Chunking for Effective Retrieval Augmented Generation.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Financial Report Chunking for Effective Retrieval Augmented Generation

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.098696Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3559a4d8-7084-4343-8139-e75ce863ebae · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.135079Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 14a81bc2-108c-4222-bd09-e85d1e09dd5d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.343041Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 5428b198-c5ca-46ae-adfa-a05375ea6ce7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.335307Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 86f124f9-ac96-4dc3-a53a-6837be073dbb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.108678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cd5ed5b9-433b-4e96-b870-16a24d89c66a · outbound

This paper cites Qwen3 Embedding: Advancing Text Embedding and Reranking Through Foundation Models.

Revealing the Numeracy Gap: An Empirical Investigation of Text Embedding Models Qwen3 Embedding: Advancing Text Embedding and Reranking Through Foundation Models

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:14:15.112009Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.