Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 44 of 44 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.13910.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.13910 v2

Coverage vector

measured 44 of 44 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.129767Z

measured 45 of 45 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T04:16:01.887412Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T04:16:02.100438Z

Reference resolution

44 of 44 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy35
unresolved7
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier2
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 5b4b46e1-9d22-4bdc-949c-5bbb5a170507 · outbound

This paper cites Learning de- biased representations with biased representations.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Learning de- biased representations with biased representations

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.738304Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation ca8ab4f3-b224-481c-9daf-840e506f73de · outbound

This paper cites Domain generalization by solving jigsaw puzzles.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Domain generalization by solving jigsaw puzzles

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.679732Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation ae16d1e8-0073-4693-b2dc-acfac66e520c · outbound

This paper cites Environment inference for invariant learning.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Environment inference for invariant learning

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.668137Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 68ab8ac1-c3da-4461-8699-0e305559b8dc · outbound

This paper cites Class-balanced loss based on effective number of samples.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Class-balanced loss based on effective number of samples

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.656770Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation f5a5aac6-d4ad-4f43-a10c-f54c77c5f83b · outbound

This paper cites Imagenet: A large-scale hierarchical image database.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Imagenet: A large-scale hierarchical image database

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.645112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation bcbec904-4a94-4ccc-b391-5f40a0d6565c · outbound

This paper cites Images in the ImageNet-A dataset represent distribution shifts from the training images in the ImageNet- 9 dataset.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Images in the ImageNet-A dataset represent distribution shifts from the training images in the ImageNet- 9 dataset

Reference 10

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.274199Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 6ab40495-e75c-48cb-803f-d29770ca18e9 · outbound

This paper cites Shortcut learn- ing in deep neural networks.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Shortcut learn- ing in deep neural networks

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.003700Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c527b4c6-656b-4f3a-b5f6-aeef6cf4f6db · outbound

This paper cites Learning from imbalanced data.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Learning from imbalanced data

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.007169Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 768dea9a-8364-4c09-93bd-38c63b6b758b · outbound

This paper cites To- wards non-iid image classification: A dataset and base- lines.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models To- wards non-iid image classification: A dataset and base- lines

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.604946Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation e8c456c0-fea1-4acb-a668-bf876e4eee09 · outbound

This paper cites Natural adversarial examples.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Natural adversarial examples

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.591857Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 25624fd9-2925-470b-bfcd-f1f4f8e091be · outbound

This paper cites Adversarial examples are not bugs, they are features.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Adversarial examples are not bugs, they are features

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.579442Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 927bb0af-7447-4bd3-bb34-97c072383ce8 · outbound

This paper cites Chexpert: A large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert comparison.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Chexpert: A large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert comparison

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.566793Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 9a4e6839-90ca-4034-bd88-336c97abb273 · outbound

This paper cites Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for lan- guage understanding.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for lan- guage understanding

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.555756Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation f16379ee-6b40-4235-8a84-360efabab84a · outbound

This paper cites Learning debiased clas- sifier with biased committee.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Learning debiased clas- sifier with biased committee

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.543578Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation e3e5ec98-ebb3-4f98-a151-c00b8b98207d · outbound

This paper cites Out-of-distribution generalization via risk extrapolation (rex).

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Out-of-distribution generalization via risk extrapolation (rex)

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.520070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 9e7866aa-e7bb-49b0-9053-31bd66e6e7b3 · outbound

This paper cites Towards last-layer retraining for group robustness with fewer annotations.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Towards last-layer retraining for group robustness with fewer annotations

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.508747Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation f2515ea0-58e0-41ac-a0ca-08916a17c7be · outbound

This paper cites Deep learning face attributes in the wild.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Deep learning face attributes in the wild

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.496803Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 903a2a8e-565b-476b-94fd-93593b7ab307 · outbound

This paper cites Learning from failure: De-biasing classifier from biased classifier.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Learning from failure: De-biasing classifier from biased classifier

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.470530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation f8e7de27-499e-4171-9b2b-ca525302d210 · outbound

This paper cites Spread spurious attribute: Improving worst-group accuracy with spurious attribute estimation.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Spread spurious attribute: Improving worst-group accuracy with spurious attribute estimation

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.457180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 10572f57-492c-4f4b-a479-300ad4302d7a · outbound

This paper cites Simple and fast group robustness by automatic feature reweighting.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Simple and fast group robustness by automatic feature reweighting

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.441233Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 2068797e-f8de-456b-a9d9-e5a774ff86e4 · outbound

This paper cites Distributionally robust neural networks.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Distributionally robust neural networks

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.426808Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 54c47afe-ae14-40c4-a85d-2430a0b28be3 · outbound

This paper cites Distributionally robust neural networks.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Distributionally robust neural networks

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.414683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation d8c7dc46-f55d-44fc-a9ca-56647ed5664f · outbound

This paper cites An overview of statisti- cal learning theory.IEEE transactions on neural networks,.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models An overview of statisti- cal learning theory.IEEE transactions on neural networks,

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.401681Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 72a77a7e-74a3-4eb1-9778-4104866946ee · outbound

This paper cites Welinder, S.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Welinder, S

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.378348Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation d022f11e-656b-4f4b-b24d-55e5b6d9bab6 · outbound

This paper cites Spurious correla- tions in machine learning: A survey.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Spurious correla- tions in machine learning: A survey

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.097240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3940b4a8-57b8-4028-9d29-91638640f923 · outbound

This paper cites Variable generalization performance of a deep learning model to detect pneumonia in chest radiographs: a cross-sectional study.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Variable generalization performance of a deep learning model to detect pneumonia in chest radiographs: a cross-sectional study

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.347448Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 58f7a0eb-9add-405b-ae4a-fcfe3774f6d6 · outbound

This paper cites Correct-n-contrast: a contrastive approach for improving robustness to spurious correlations.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Correct-n-contrast: a contrastive approach for improving robustness to spurious correlations

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.335527Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 7b6868ca-5186-4174-8512-9eec231f0552 · outbound

This paper cites Places: A 10 million image database for scene recognition.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Places: A 10 million image database for scene recognition

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.322453Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 554a8053-ce01-4977-ac48-7617d1e9a845 · outbound

This paper cites (4.4) in [Bombari and Mondelli, 2024].

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models (4.4) in [Bombari and Mondelli, 2024]

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.311010Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 58292f15-8806-44b1-80cf-276014fe1949 · outbound

This paper cites No Finding.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models No Finding

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.298235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 5216ccd5-0a58-420c-a773-e3fb1d0a7ac4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.286549Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 8db66713-9075-4e2d-b233-d6d302be9f69 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 200

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.084406Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2bbe4e1e-cde8-4ee7-a1a7-75192be62021 · outbound

This paper cites Causal attention for unbiased vi- sual recognition.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Causal attention for unbiased vi- sual recognition

Reference 1999

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.389882Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation be5929de-655f-4e1c-9ab8-94c123eab0fe · outbound

This paper cites Robust Learning with Progressive Data Expansion Against Spurious Correlation.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Robust Learning with Progressive Data Expansion Against Spurious Correlation

Reference 2009

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:55.995473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1d172415-a640-40fc-8a97-753e8d58c67b · outbound

This paper cites A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for Sentence Understanding through Inference.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for Sentence Understanding through Inference

Reference 2010

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.088283Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e285f151-aa9c-4030-8daf-7a22ed54e04d · outbound

This paper cites Just train twice: Improv- ing group robustness without training group information.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Just train twice: Improv- ing group robustness without training group information

Reference 2015

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.483677Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation d4f04ddb-210d-48f2-8a7e-4ef1ff45796d · outbound

This paper cites Change is hard: A closer look at subpopulation shift.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Change is hard: A closer look at subpopulation shift

Reference 2017

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.359592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation a6489b10-1684-4b40-a6e0-00f7569d4c1e · outbound

This paper cites mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimization.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimization

Reference 2018

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.105081Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c26330a5-9659-44aa-aae1-a1c6f689363f · outbound

This paper cites What is the effect of importance weighting in deep learn- ing? In International Conference on Machine Learning , pages 872–881.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models What is the effect of importance weighting in deep learn- ing? In International Conference on Machine Learning , pages 872–881

Reference 2019

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.692173Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 4a68b751-5bbd-40c0-acc6-646233e85e04 · outbound

This paper cites Decaug: Out-of-distribution generaliza- tion via decomposed feature representation and semantic augmentation.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Decaug: Out-of-distribution generaliza- tion via decomposed feature representation and semantic augmentation

Reference 2020

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.726200Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 34990282-eb5d-4d09-b787-c60ed965415b · outbound

This paper cites How spurious features are memorized: Pre- cise analysis for random and ntk features.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models How spurious features are memorized: Pre- cise analysis for random and ntk features

Reference 2021

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.715302Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation f8fc88d6-4599-4f82-91c4-4b148089abd6 · outbound

This paper cites Last layer re-training is suf- ficient for robustness to spurious correlations.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Last layer re-training is suf- ficient for robustness to spurious correlations

Reference 2022

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.531464Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 4a2926cf-8bed-4380-9fc5-8390cfe5c42f · outbound

This paper cites Wichmann, and Wieland Brendel.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Wichmann, and Wieland Brendel

Reference 2023

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.631183Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation abb35d09-2c3a-447e-87b0-5c1d67ead6f7 · outbound

This paper cites Nuanced metrics for measuring unintended bias with real data for text classification.

ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models Nuanced metrics for measuring unintended bias with real data for text classification

Reference 2024

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:56.703423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 6b8ff4b2-2175-4fd9-b16f-9ebc25eacba2 · inbound

Improving Group Robustness on Spurious Correlation via Evidential Alignment cites this paper.

Improving Group Robustness on Spurious Correlation via Evidential Alignment ShortcutProbe: Probing Prediction Shortcuts for Learning Robust Models

Reference 53

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:16:02.154280Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.