Syzygies of projective varieties of large degree: recent progress and open problems

This paper is a survey of recent work on the asymptotic behavior of the syzygies of a smooth complex projective variety as the positivity of the embedding line bundle grows. After a quick overview of results from the 1980s and 1990s concerning the linearity of the first few terms of a resolution, we discuss a non-vanishing theorem to the effect that from an asymptotic viewpoint, essentially all of the syzygy modules that could be non-zero are in fact non-zero. We explain the quick new proof of this result in the case of Veronese varieties due to Erman and authors, and we explore some results and conjectures about the asymptotics of Betti numbers. Finally we discuss the case of syzygies of weight one, and the gonality conjecture on the syzygies of curves of large degree. The exposition also discusses numerous open questions and conjectures.