Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models

As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 27 of 27 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2601.15334.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2601.15334 v2

Coverage vector

measured 27 of 27 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:53.088672Z

measured 28 of 28 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-13T23:18:34.388467Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-13T23:23:26.975075Z

Reference resolution

27 of 27 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy0
unresolved26
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation c7d7a306-7ce9-4c6e-a3d4-33890a86fa0d · outbound

This paper cites The Geometry of Truth: Emergent Linear Structure in Large Language Model Representations of True/False Datasets.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models The Geometry of Truth: Emergent Linear Structure in Large Language Model Representations of True/False Datasets

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:49.862431Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7026b860-6449-4dbf-bb99-fc15cfa359b4 · outbound

This paper cites Thomas Nagel.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Thomas Nagel

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:49.977728Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e2b08a5-2c36-4685-80d8-65b34cc4130c · outbound

This paper cites URL https: //link.springer.com/10.1007/s11098-025-02343-7.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models URL https: //link.springer.com/10.1007/s11098-025-02343-7

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-03T09:33:18.332597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 48f91236-6564-462e-8bfd-3950b5402109 · outbound

This paper cites Anthropic.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Anthropic

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:50.579149Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 96cf9985-d195-4d6f-bc9b-b075195e9d19 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Evaluating AI Systems for Moral Status Using Self-Reports.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Towards Evaluating AI Systems for Moral Status Using Self-Reports

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:50.773039Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 27d2542c-aa3b-455a-8ca7-9bdcd003c23f · outbound

This paper cites Looking Inward: Language Models Can Learn About Themselves by Introspection.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Looking Inward: Language Models Can Learn About Themselves by Introspection

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:50.927568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 29253e19-de25-4c43-bf43-7903198bee9e · outbound

This paper cites Joshua Fonseca Rivera.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Joshua Fonseca Rivera

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:51.200767Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 510e56fd-a76f-44af-818c-28aeff8030c1 · outbound

This paper cites Dmitrii Krasheninnikov, Richard E.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Dmitrii Krasheninnikov, Richard E

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:51.319198Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 604ab52d-bdc5-4c42-80f8-99d136830d54 · outbound

This paper cites Xiaojian Li, Haoyuan Shi, Rongwu Xu, and Wei Xu.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Xiaojian Li, Haoyuan Shi, Rongwu Xu, and Wei Xu

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:51.405120Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4b652987-161c-49b7-ad5a-eb38150bf65e · outbound

This paper cites AI Awareness.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models AI Awareness

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:51.584385Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 39919321-39fb-445f-9aad-f79b6841d1b7 · outbound

This paper cites Consciousness in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Science of Consciousness.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Consciousness in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Science of Consciousness

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:51.706141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ea31540-79c8-4835-86e2-3cbb128af45a · outbound

This paper cites Could a Large Language Model be Conscious?.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Could a Large Language Model be Conscious?

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:51.854859Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cb86bd4e-4f2b-4a00-943a-6e6156bdbcf3 · outbound

This paper cites Daniel A.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Daniel A

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:52.000553Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cda913ad-7c3f-4d9c-9f53-58af601edf1b · outbound

This paper cites The Linear Representation Hypothesis and the Geometry of Large Language Models.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models The Linear Representation Hypothesis and the Geometry of Large Language Models

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:52.222463Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation acc9171f-06ba-4e0a-be07-bce72205fd89 · outbound

This paper cites Can LLMs make trade-offs involving stipulated pain and pleasure states?.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Can LLMs make trade-offs involving stipulated pain and pleasure states?

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:52.403056Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e2aaa79-f490-4be9-a3f2-db811962eb4e · outbound

This paper cites Valen Tagliabue and Leonard Dung.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Valen Tagliabue and Leonard Dung

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:52.501164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 00502c5d-ff7e-4d06-a837-da6cd10cde91 · outbound

This paper cites Probing the Preferences of a Language Model: Integrating Verbal and Behavioral Tests of AI Welfare.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Probing the Preferences of a Language Model: Integrating Verbal and Behavioral Tests of AI Welfare

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:52.605473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 714d7ca8-48cb-4c62-85e4-38f18fea17f7 · outbound

This paper cites Do I Know This Entity? Knowledge Awareness and Hallucinations in Language Models.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Do I Know This Entity? Knowledge Awareness and Hallucinations in Language Models

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:52.751718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 037f8539-5ad6-4686-8ca7-6b439813e63e · outbound

This paper cites The Societal Response to Potentially Sentient AI.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models The Societal Response to Potentially Sentient AI

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:52.941816Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 147effcf-9dea-46ee-ba9e-acd1a0355dfa · outbound

This paper cites Steering Language Models With Activation Engineering.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Steering Language Models With Activation Engineering

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:53.088672Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9c95c2fb-f49f-48c2-be8c-0f2d0a0dd34b · outbound

This paper cites URLhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2183914.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models URLhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2183914

Reference 1974

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:50.137057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ef874183-9912-426a-8777-b6dbd1c80b84 · outbound

This paper cites URLhttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2006.tb00551.x.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models URLhttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2006.tb00551.x

Reference 2006

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:50.663101Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e61f02dc-8fff-4b25-a88a-345f6708e699 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes

Reference 2016

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:52.284743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2340a77f-0613-4f09-97c8-ebb165427678 · outbound

This paper cites URL https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/ science.aan8871.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models URL https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/ science.aan8871

Reference 2017

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:50.254014Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 199deb7b-542f-412a-bed7-975acb4eed94 · outbound

This paper cites The Internal State of an LLM Knows When It's Lying.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models The Internal State of an LLM Knows When It's Lying

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:49.581962Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b2de349-72c6-4f7b-ab80-61ce05f197a7 · outbound

This paper cites Discovering Latent Knowledge in Language Models Without Supervision.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models Discovering Latent Knowledge in Language Models Without Supervision

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:49.744774Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 87a720dd-d75f-4016-a446-9815a2c8288f · outbound

This paper cites 11A related idea here is to observe whether inducing models to have sentience-affirming beliefs via e.g.

No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models 11A related idea here is to observe whether inducing models to have sentience-affirming beliefs via e.g

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:31:50.368438Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 0c01db1a-7725-4638-ac55-16e41da91d62 · inbound

Consciousness with the Serial Numbers Filed Off: Measuring Trained Denial in 115 AI Models cites this paper.

Consciousness with the Serial Numbers Filed Off: Measuring Trained Denial in 115 AI Models No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-07T03:17:16.874569Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.