A comparative study on the bottleneck flow between preschool children and adults under different movement motivations

Understanding on children's movement characteristics is significant to improve their safety levels especially under emergencies. In this work, we performed laboratory experiment to investigate the dynamics of preschool children passing through bottlenecks under high movement motivation. It is found that the relations between flow and bottleneck width for adults and children can be unified when the body size and movement motivation are considered in certain way. High movement motivation leads to competition among pedestrians, which results in different spatial-temporal distribution of the density and speed compared to normal movement of adult. Based on Voronoi method, an arch-like distribution is observed for the children movement with competition, whereas it is teardrop-shaped for the adults without competition. The peak density of children, which reaches nearly 14 ped/m2, appears at the place 30 cm away from the bottleneck entrance. However, it is about 100 cm to the bottleneck for adults. Besides, several typical behaviors of children like guiding, pushing as well as playing are observed in the experiment. The findings in this study will benefit the evacuation drill design as well as the facility design for children.