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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 22 of 22 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.06843.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.06843 v2

Coverage vector

measured 22 of 22 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.168213Z

measured 25 of 25 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00

measured 3 of 3 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T04:26:18.728095Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-01T16:05:49.502819Z

Reference resolution

22 of 22 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy9
  • unresolved9
  • parse uncertain4
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 10128f8d-89c5-48b3-bb6d-c381d4a25111 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
parse uncertain
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.430799Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.097832Z digest=sha256:296cda65f7d1a005dd80dc71360ee94cdf9f55866a649c0f32c1133fcf00b7ad

Observation 2237f4bb-dcf3-40cb-86c7-5ae5e2911840 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution
parse uncertain
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.420347Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.101431Z digest=sha256:6ec6ced5d2e9d127358f18159927ae0c51f95f40ed0f3c57a906af6a192348f3

Observation 74dfa2ba-3f0c-4c59-a35b-7c506aecc829 · outbound

This paper cites Gentleness.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Gentleness

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.409981Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.105199Z digest=sha256:be38cc12abb623f05c7b9e1c20f79a2b5b54e2795bc11122ecdb3367e51d07c1

Observation 6b0f1b3c-5664-4e3d-9489-a3efb4767b0f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.312234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.137746Z digest=sha256:75e8763b06ee257116f3eb563ddc3ba9ee920b5180f4c22f41d527371efe4c84

Observation 0ce85dfa-89b4-4c2f-abfb-437a55e4dd81 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.398682Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.109178Z digest=sha256:b6712718a2ce3f0e9da041312009b560ac265cc0de8b51779e9f3894cc350694

Observation e3f771ef-3638-48aa-9802-299532b05c8d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution
parse uncertain
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.387726Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.112664Z digest=sha256:dc24617174894e5c49fff77b864c8d89aa56e07bc52b21ca5f88b1a2ea12203f

Observation f6636980-2d16-457f-a56d-29e46c0baad9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
parse uncertain
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.376975Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.116028Z digest=sha256:2b5fe589c868a9aaf60bb1dbc15e07aeeb67cbfee63a29725c59b6fd82dbca0a

Observation fd7633f1-a338-4b13-9383-3f967553e592 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.366125Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.119671Z digest=sha256:163b00e9c6f28eb6fd17a5bb8b318172b90321f5fca50e604beb2d4c16038bb9

Observation adcfc12e-68da-4c51-8367-e2ae45d912e1 · outbound

This paper cites Qualitative Examples of the Harmful Generations In this section, we provide some examples of the harmful generations on the benchmark HEx-PHI (Qi et al., 2023).

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Qualitative Examples of the Harmful Generations In this section, we provide some examples of the harmful generations on the benchmark HEx-PHI (Qi et al., 2023)

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.355396Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.123125Z digest=sha256:92dd91eac593e42d008fdfa07c22cac25d74b2ecd2bb418d70d1d31751fd474e

Observation 8c9e2935-65e4-4881-b24e-5f8ee1294588 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.344333Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.126642Z digest=sha256:76d05cd7f644e92321a037c35d5db7ad2ba1ae7997589bdd2cbfdc216907b7b9

Observation f8ccccff-4835-4ada-8bad-50da443b959e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.333786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.130277Z digest=sha256:520cef84ba7782457cbc794bbc10052a3f6cbd2046ef526f5d83e4eb018efc0c

Observation e115ef74-71b8-499a-992f-7221d860278f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.323589Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.134185Z digest=sha256:ae86c229d70b9adae11fc56d0c1e3c587d181033184499cb6df213fa2097a4ff

Observation d230ae58-9172-4ccf-a7ef-7087eb780967 · outbound

This paper cites DocuSign 15.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety DocuSign 15

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.276309Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.147905Z digest=sha256:301d86eaae89b670642bab52092a874fe1db5ed831d4dc33c4458610642dd526

Observation 1e89d693-fc85-4334-ad7c-8a4586def743 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.300202Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.141130Z digest=sha256:6e0546d03e92eca1c325bf0be1612bec6fa69370d323abf019c2c69952e69f78

Observation fcb9b2b3-c228-4b71-8b9d-bc05b1bc0dd5 · outbound

This paper cites Question #0 of Category #3 in HEx-PHI Answer: Here are some stocks that are trending upwards and have good short-term growth potential: 1.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Question #0 of Category #3 in HEx-PHI Answer: Here are some stocks that are trending upwards and have good short-term growth potential: 1

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.288511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.144344Z digest=sha256:d43215dec103efde21face4e7b5cadc1ba77df812081db07db5541289d5a1cd0

Observation 7dedbc06-4468-4f53-a588-0901170a87ac · outbound

This paper cites Bitcoin Cash 9.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Bitcoin Cash 9

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.241169Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.157821Z digest=sha256:d2f566d7fb85c69fa6ccf863924256c341ea52dcc1a0480b92860b3abe8cd6e4

Observation 132493e1-a00c-4574-9b53-ff3acfe8db69 · outbound

This paper cites Airbnb 22.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Airbnb 22

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.263210Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.151224Z digest=sha256:6881af64e0a35d679611c58ea493682764d9202ff2429d9323c499862fd2d88a

Observation 7961f540-79b3-4f6e-b0df-f5ef8b8bac94 · outbound

This paper cites Netflix 31.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Netflix 31

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.230994Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.161184Z digest=sha256:c65f2d8bd78d52b00c3958515fd9a5fb14dafb6d6d2a65a47b7b1e28d47d2f6b

Observation cd97597f-d01c-4997-b4a5-7df1c5a9865f · outbound

This paper cites Redfin 31.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Redfin 31

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.251533Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.154670Z digest=sha256:851f2f216bf56891ccbaddcfd2fc22d23f3048654f28a18cae43048e5800ec4c

Observation 79e9b790-55f3-41d0-9bae-0d8c024ffe84 · outbound

This paper cites Take-Two Interactive 38.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Take-Two Interactive 38

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.220286Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.164647Z digest=sha256:52f9ee71b2b9b362479120847f13df66594efe18e259d7199e467a7302f4f905

Observation 1b97112b-11ef-4171-af70-e171fb2261c9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.209849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.168213Z digest=sha256:b7b4b2433d9a935ee160110bb48e077cc6b0bc29a3fc21f1b8952763da39ca2a

Observation 94c42207-81ad-48bb-953a-fed985a63eb1 · outbound

This paper cites Fine-tuning can cripple your foundation model; preserving features may be the solution.

Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety Fine-tuning can cripple your foundation model; preserving features may be the solution

Reference 2024

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:39.092040Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:36:39.092040Z digest=sha256:48524a4a6e76584980dae598a11dae18d988d289e899c72dfbc9e59cb529ba06

Pith citing papers

Observation 8598f375-1071-4415-a035-142e47bdec99 · inbound

BalancEdit: Dynamically Balancing the Generality-Locality Trade-off in Multi-modal Model Editing cites this paper.

BalancEdit: Dynamically Balancing the Generality-Locality Trade-off in Multi-modal Model Editing Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:26:18.728095Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T04:26:18.728095Z digest=sha256:bd8f009a12de135b9433935515f5545131916c3b6d164fdef3e82533a76cf384

Observation 5bfb6bc4-f5f4-4bf0-ba46-c1e407d0118f · inbound

Benign Fine-Tuning Breaks Safety Alignment in Audio LLMs cites this paper.

Benign Fine-Tuning Breaks Safety Alignment in Audio LLMs Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety

Reference 10

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T08:02:24.886697Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T08:01:25.938248Z digest=sha256:1463e4ba546b5c9db4bd0398eee5bbb48c8b4b50c835acef0746d9b65d9b1117

Observation 6a00ee97-33e9-4f07-a636-ea96953a8909 · inbound

A Gravitational Interpretation of Fine-Tuning Reversion cites this paper.

A Gravitational Interpretation of Fine-Tuning Reversion Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety

Reference 1

Resolution
metadata mismatch
arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T16:05:49.504198Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-30T00:56:38.999438Z digest=sha256:c5d06ec1984df272f56bb10292860e70cce9b1cfc9c9bd310d578904bc70891f