Pith. sign in

REVIEW 2 major objections 2 minor 100 references

Automatic Semantic Alignment of Flow Pattern Representations for Exploration with Large Language Models

T0 review · 2 major / 2 minor · reviewed 2026-08-05 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read The paper claims that flow visualization can be queried in natural language by mapping autoencoded streamline segments into an LLM's semantic space, without manual labeling, and matching them to text through attention.

desk verdict The abstract describes a plausible CLIP-style flow-pattern alignment framework, but the supplied full text is a different arXiv paper, so there is nothing to verify. read the letter →

arxiv 2508.06300 v1 pith:5TOZR5WC submitted 2025-08-08 cs.HC

Weihan Zhang , Jun Tao This is my paper
classification cs.HC
keywords flowvisualizationnaturallanguagequerysemanticalignmentlargemodelsdenoisingautoencoderstreamlinesegmentsattentionmechanismzero-shotretrieval
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The authors try to show that a user can describe a flow structure—say, a vortex core or a separation line—and have the visualization system pull out the streamline segments that fit, without anyone hand-labeling training examples. Their method encodes streamline segments with a denoising autoencoder, projects those encodings into the semantic space of a large language model, and uses attention to align text embeddings with flow representations. If it works, scientists exploring flow data no longer need to learn specialized interaction widgets; they can ask in plain language. The stake is whether similarity to language can serve as a retrieval criterion for scientific data with no annotated pairs.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the projector layer that maps denoising-autoencoder flow representations into LLM embedding space, paired with an attention mechanism that scores how well a textual query matches each projected flow vector. The attention scores are what convert "language similarity" into a practical retrieval ranking for flow segments.

What would settle it

Build a benchmark of flow fields with expert-annotated ground-truth streamline segments for a fixed set of query phrases; if top-k retrieval accuracy on unseen phrases is no better than a text-blind baseline such as random or frequency-based ranking, the claimed semantic alignment is not doing the work.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that flow pattern representations and natural-language descriptions can be brought into the same metric space automatically. A denoising autoencoder compresses streamline segments into fixed vector representations; a projector layer then maps these vectors into the embedding space of an LLM. Because textual embeddings live in the same space, an attention mechanism can compute semantic similarity between a query phrase and each flow candidate, so the highest-scoring streamline segments can be extracted as the requested pattern. The authors present this as eliminating the manual labeling step that earlier text-based flow retrieval would require.

Load-bearing premise

The alignment learned without manually labeled pairs must genuinely capture the flow structures a user means; if the training signal correlates with something else, such as global field statistics, the attention scores will retrieve plausible-looking but semantically wrong segments.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Flow-domain users can issue free-form natural-language queries instead of navigating specialized flow-visualization controls.
  • New flow datasets can be searched for scientifically relevant structures without building a labeled training set first, as long as the alignment space transfers.
  • The same projector-plus-attention arrangement should generalize to any flow pattern that can be represented by streamline segments.
  • The interactive interface makes retrieval usable by domain experts who are not visualization specialists.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Editorial inference: the same architecture—autoencoder, projector, attention—could be applied to other scientific data types, such as scalar-field isosurfaces or vector-field glyphs, if they admit a vector encoding; the paper does not test this.
  • Editorial inference: the method's success depends on the LLM's embedding space already containing usable geometry for flow vocabulary; a concrete test is whether retrieval works for rare or coined terms like "saddle point in a streamline field" without task-specific fine-tuning.
  • Editorial inference: attention-based matching also opens a route to multi-modal refinement, such as combining text with spatial regions selected in the view, which the authors do not discuss.
  • Editorial inference: because the alignment is claimed to be learned without manual labels, the paper should be read as claiming similarity-based retrieval, not that the model understands the causal or dynamical meaning of the flow structures.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript declares itself to be arXiv:2508.06300 (cs.HC), 'Automatic Semantic Alignment of Flow Pattern Representations for Exploration with Large Language Models.' Its abstract claims a framework that aligns streamline-based flow pattern representations with LLM embeddings via a denoising autoencoder, a projector layer, and an attention mechanism, thereby enabling text-based extraction of flow structures without manual labeling, with qualitative case studies in an interactive interface. However, the full text supplied for review is arXiv:2508.06307 (hep-ph), 'Quarkonium Parton Shower in Herwig 7,' by M.R. Masouminia and P. Richardson. This document contains NRQCD factorization theory, parton shower splitting functions, and LHC comparisons for quarkonia production. It contains no mention of flow visualization, streamline segments, autoencoders, projector layers, attention mechanisms, natural-language querying, or any component named in the abstract. Thus, the submitted manuscript—as an artifact—provides no method, derivation, implementation, or evaluation for the central claim. The only element related to the declared topic is the abstract itself, which cannot be verified or falsified from the supplied text.

Significance. If the framework described in the abstract were fully realized and validated, it could be a useful contribution to exploratory flow visualization, enabling natural-language access to flow structures and reducing the need for specialized interface training. The abstract articulates a plausible architecture, and the idea of aligning a learned flow representation with LLM embeddings is timely and interesting. However, the significance assessment is entirely prospective. No equations, training objective, network architecture details, dataset descriptions, quantitative evaluation, comparison baselines, or falsifiable predictions are present in the supplied full text. There is also no released code or artifact to inspect. The potential significance is real, but the evidence base is zero; the paper in its current form cannot support any substantive claim.

major comments (2)
  1. [Full Text (entire document)] The full text supplied for this submission is not the declared paper. It is arXiv:2508.06307, a JHEP-style paper on quarkonium parton showers in Herwig 7. None of the sections, equations, figures, or tables address flow pattern representations, LLMs, semantic alignment, the projector layer, or the attention mechanism. Consequently, the abstract's central claim—'aligns flow pattern representations with the semantic space of large language models... eliminating the need for manual labeling'—is entirely unsupported by any technical content. No derivation, no training signal, and no evaluation exist in the manuscript to check. This is a load-bearing deficiency that cannot be addressed through local revision; the wrong full text has been submitted.
  2. [Abstract] Even abstracting away from the full-text mismatch, the abstract alone provides no quantitative evaluation protocol. It mentions 'case studies' but gives no metrics, baselines, error bars, or comparisons. The claimed 'semantic matching' effectiveness cannot be assessed. In particular, the mechanism for learning the alignment 'without manual labeling' is not specified; if the training uses text-flow pairs in any form, the claimed label-free property and potential circularity in evaluation remain unexamined. A paper whose only evidentiary content is its abstract cannot satisfy the standard for a publishable claim.
minor comments (2)
  1. [General] The arXiv identifier in the header (2508.06300) does not correspond to the supplied full text (2508.06307). This is more than a typographical issue; it prevents identification of the actual submission. The authors should ensure the correct manuscript is associated with the submission.
  2. [Abstract] Key terms—'flow pattern representations,' 'semantic space of LLMs,' 'semantic matching'—are used informally. Even in a revised submission, these need formal definitions, and the alignment objective should be stated precisely.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No circularity can be assessed: the supplied full text is a different paper (Quarkonium Parton Shower in Herwig 7) and contains no portion of the claimed derivation chain.

full rationale

The declared submission is arXiv:2508.06300 (cs.HC), 'Automatic Semantic Alignment of Flow Pattern Representations for Exploration with Large Language Models,' whose abstract claims a denoising autoencoder, projector layer, attention mechanism, and natural-language flow-pattern retrieval. However, the full text supplied is arXiv:2508.06307 (hep-ph), 'Quarkonium Parton Shower in Herwig 7,' by M.R. Masouminia and P. Richardson. None of the sections, equations, figures, or evaluation content in the supplied text concerns flow visualization, streamline autoencoders, LLM embeddings, or text-guided retrieval. Consequently, there is no derivation chain from the flow-alignment paper available to audit for circularity. Under the hard rule requiring a quoted equation or construction that reduces a claimed result to its own inputs, no circular step can be identified, and it would be inappropriate to manufacture one. The mismatch is a completeness/verification issue, not evidence of circular reasoning within the supplied artifact. Therefore the circularity score is 0.

Assumptions & free parameters 0 free parameters · 3 assumptions · 0 invented entities

No free parameters can be identified from the abstract. The axioms are domain assumptions inherent to embedding-alignment systems. No new physical or conceptual entities are introduced. Assessment is based on the abstract only because the actual manuscript was unavailable.

assumptions (3)
  • domain assumption LLM embeddings provide a semantic space in which textual flow descriptions and visual flow pattern representations can be meaningfully compared.
    The framework's entire matching mechanism assumes this correspondence; stated implicitly in the abstract's goal of aligning flow representations with LLM semantic space.
  • domain assumption The denoising autoencoder produces a representation of streamline segments that retains the information needed to identify flow patterns.
    The encoder is the first stage of the pipeline; if it discards relevant structure, later alignment cannot recover it.
  • domain assumption Semantic alignment can be learned without manual labeling.
    The abstract claims elimination of manual labeling; this requires an alternative supervision signal. The abstract does not state what that signal is.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Automatic Semantic Alignment of Flow Pattern Representations for Exploration with Large Language Models." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/5TOZR5WC

@misc{pith2026250806300,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Automatic Semantic Alignment of Flow Pattern Representations for Exploration with Large Language Models},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/5TOZR5WC}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2508.06300}
}
read the original abstract

Explorative flow visualization allows domain experts to analyze complex flow structures by interactively investigating flow patterns. However, traditional visual interfaces often rely on specialized graphical representations and interactions, which require additional effort to learn and use. Natural language interaction offers a more intuitive alternative, but teaching machines to recognize diverse scientific concepts and extract corresponding structures from flow data poses a significant challenge. In this paper, we introduce an automated framework that aligns flow pattern representations with the semantic space of large language models (LLMs), eliminating the need for manual labeling. Our approach encodes streamline segments using a denoising autoencoder and maps the generated flow pattern representations to LLM embeddings via a projector layer. This alignment empowers semantic matching between textual embeddings and flow representations through an attention mechanism, enabling the extraction of corresponding flow patterns based on textual descriptions. To enhance accessibility, we develop an interactive interface that allows users to query and visualize flow structures using natural language. Through case studies, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework in enabling intuitive and intelligent flow exploration.

Discussion (0). Sign in to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

100 extracted references · 46 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    J. P. Lansberg, J/ψ, ψ ’ and Υ production at hadron colliders: A Review , Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 21 (2006) 3857–3916, [ hep-ph/0602091]

    arXiv 2006

  2. [2]

    Brambilla et

    N. Brambilla et. al. , Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities , Eur. Phys. J. C 71 (2011) 1534

    2011

  3. [3]

    Eichten, K

    E. Eichten, K. Gottfried, T. Kinoshita, K. D. Lane, and T.-M. Yan, Charmonium: The Model, Phys. Rev. D 17 (1978) 3090. [erratum: Phys. Rev. D 21, 313 (1980)]

    1978

  4. [4]

    Godfrey and N

    S. Godfrey and N. Isgur, Mesons in a Relativized Quark Model with Chromodynamics , Phys. Rev. D 32 (1985) 189–231

    1985

  5. [5]

    Kwong, P

    W. Kwong, P. B. Mackenzie, R. Rosenfeld, and J. L. Rosner, Quarkonium Spin Splittings, Meson Hyperfine Structure, and the Role of the Decay Anomalies , Phys. Rev. D 37 (1988) 3210

    1988

  6. [6]

    Buchmuller and S

    W. Buchmuller and S. H. H. Tye, Quarkonia and Quantum Chromodynamics , Phys. Rev. D 24 (1981) 132

    1981

  7. [7]

    Eichten and F

    E. Eichten and F. Feinberg, Spin Dependent Forces in QCD , Phys. Rev. D 23 (1981) 2724

    1981

  8. [8]

    G. T. Bodwin, E. Braaten, and G. P. Lepage, Rigorous QCD analysis of inclusive annihilation and production of heavy quarkonium , Phys. Rev. D 51 (1995) 1125–1171, [hep-ph/9407339]. [Erratum: Phys.Rev.D 55, 5853 (1997)]

    arXiv 1995

Show all 100 references
  1. [9]

    Brambilla, A

    N. Brambilla, A. Pineda, J. Soto, and A. Vairo, Effective Field Theories for Heavy Quarkonium, Rev. Mod. Phys. 77 (2005) 1423, [ hep-ph/0410047]

    2005 arXiv

  2. [10]

    SLAC-SP-017 Collaboration, J. E. Augustin et. al. , Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in e+e− Annihilation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 33 (1974) 1406–1408

    1974

  3. [11]

    E598 Collaboration, J. J. Aubert et. al. , Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle J, Phys. Rev. Lett. 33 (1974) 1404–1406

    1974

  4. [12]

    J. J. Aubert et. al. , Experimental observation of a heavy Particle J , Adv. Exp. Phys. 5 (1976) 128

    1976

  5. [13]

    Khachatryan et

    CMS Collaboration, V. Khachatryan et. al. , Measurement of J/ ψ and ψ(2S) Prompt Double-Differential Cross Sections in pp Collisions at √s=7 TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 (2015), no. 19 191802, [ arXiv:1502.0415]

    2015

  6. [14]

    A TLASCollaboration, G. Aad et. al. , Measurement of the differential cross-sections of prompt and non-prompt production of J/ψ and ψ(2S) in pp collisions at √s = 7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector , Eur. Phys. J. C 76 (2016), no. 5 283, [ arXiv:1512.0365]

    2016

  7. [15]

    D0 Collaboration, V. M. Abazov et. al. , Measurement of B0 s mixing parameters from the flavor-tagged decay B0 s → J/ψϕ, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 241801, [ arXiv:0802.2255]. – 34 –

    2008 arXiv

  8. [17]

    Klopfenstein et

    C. Klopfenstein et. al., Observation of the Lowest P Wave b¯b Bound States, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51 (1983) 160

    1983

  9. [18]

    LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij et. al. , Measurement of the ηc(1S) production cross-section in proton-proton collisions via the decay ηc(1S) → p¯p, Eur. Phys. J. C 75 (2015), no. 7 311, [arXiv:1409.3612]

    2015 arXiv

  10. [19]

    K. Abe et. al. , Observation of double c¯c production in e+e− annihilation at √s ≈ 10.6 GeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 142001

    2002

  11. [20]

    S. K. Choi et. al. , Observation of a narrow charmonium - like state in exclusive B+− → K +−π+π−J/ψ decays, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 262001

    2003

  12. [21]

    Lyubushkina, ATLAS results on quarkonia and heavy flavor production, Int

    A TLASCollaboration, T. Lyubushkina, ATLAS results on quarkonia and heavy flavor production, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 35 (2020), no. 34n35 2044003

    2020

  13. [22]

    Hayrapetyan et

    CMS Collaboration, A. Hayrapetyan et. al. , Observation of double J/ ψ meson production in pPb collisions at sNN=8.16 TeV , Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024), no. 9 092002, [arXiv:2407.0322]

    2024

  14. [23]

    LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij et. al. , Measurement of the ψ(2S) to J/ψ cross-section ratio as a function of centrality in PbPb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV , arXiv:2411.0566

  15. [24]

    Acharya et

    ALICE Collaboration, S. Acharya et. al. , Prompt and non-prompt J /ψ production at midrapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV , JHEP 02 (2024) 066, [arXiv:2308.1612]

    2024

  16. [25]

    Fritzsch, Producing Heavy Quark Flavors in Hadronic Collisions: A Test of Quantum Chromodynamics, Phys

    H. Fritzsch, Producing Heavy Quark Flavors in Hadronic Collisions: A Test of Quantum Chromodynamics, Phys. Lett. B 67 (1977) 217–221

    1977

  17. [26]

    Halzen, Cvc for Gluons and Hadroproduction of Quark Flavors , Phys

    F. Halzen, Cvc for Gluons and Hadroproduction of Quark Flavors , Phys. Lett. B 69 (1977) 105–108

    1977

  18. [27]

    Guiot, A

    B. Guiot, A. Radic, I. Schmidt, and K. Werner, J/ψ production at NLO with a scale-dependent color-evaporation model, Phys. Rev. D 108 (2023), no. 11 114003, [arXiv:2306.1103]

    2023

  19. [28]

    Lee, J.-W

    K. Lee, J.-W. Qiu, G. Sterman, and K. Watanabe, Subleading power corrections to heavy quarkonium production in QCD factorization approach , EPJ Web Conf. 274 (2022) 04005, [arXiv:2211.1264]

    2022

  20. [29]

    Braaten and S

    E. Braaten and S. Fleming, Color octet fragmentation and the psi-prime surplus at the Tevatron, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995) 3327–3330, [ hep-ph/9411365]

    1995 arXiv

  21. [30]

    CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et. al. , J/ψ and ψ(2S) production in p¯p collisions at √s = 1.8 TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997) 572–577

    1997

  22. [31]

    Chatrchyan et

    CMS Collaboration, S. Chatrchyan et. al. , Azimuthal Anisotropy of Charged Particles at High Transverse Momenta in PbPb Collisions at √sN N= 2.76 TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 022301, [ arXiv:1204.1850]

    2012 arXiv

  23. [32]

    Andronic et

    A. Andronic et. al. , Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton–proton to heavy-ion collisions , Eur. Phys. J. C 76 (2016), no. 3 107, [arXiv:1506.0398]. – 35 –

    2016

  24. [33]

    M. Bahr et. al. , Herwig++ Physics and Manual , Eur. Phys. J. C 58 (2008) 639–707, [arXiv:0803.0883]

    2008 arXiv

  25. [34]

    Bellm et

    J. Bellm et. al. , Herwig 7.0/Herwig++ 3.0 release note , Eur. Phys. J. C 76 (2016), no. 4 196, [arXiv:1512.0117]

    2016

  26. [35]

    Bellm et

    J. Bellm et. al. , Herwig 7.1 Release Note , arXiv:1705.0691

  27. [36]

    Bellm et

    J. Bellm et. al. , Herwig 7.2 release note , Eur. Phys. J. C 80 (2020), no. 5 452, [arXiv:1912.0650]

    2020

  28. [37]

    Bewick et

    G. Bewick et. al. , Herwig 7.3 release note , Eur. Phys. J. C 84 (2024), no. 10 1053, [arXiv:2312.0517]

    2024

  29. [38]

    M. R. Masouminia and P. Richardson, Implementation of angularly ordered electroweak parton shower in Herwig 7 , JHEP 04 (2022) 112, [ arXiv:2108.1081]

    2022

  30. [39]

    Darvishi and M

    N. Darvishi and M. R. Masouminia, Electroweak radiative corrections in precision LHC measurements of W ±/Z0+jets, Nucl. Phys. B 985 (2022) 116025, [ arXiv:2112.1548]

    2022

  31. [40]

    Darvishi and M

    N. Darvishi and M. R. Masouminia, Signature of the Maximally Symmetric 2HDM via W ±/Z-Quadruplet Productions at the LHC , Phys. Rev. D 103 (2021), no. 9 095031, [arXiv:2012.1474]

    2021

  32. [41]

    J. L. Feng et. al. , The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC , J. Phys. G 50 (2023), no. 3 030501, [ arXiv:2203.0509]

    2023

  33. [42]

    Darvishi, J

    N. Darvishi, J. I. M. R. Masouminia, Z. Nagy, P. Richardson, and D. E. Soper, Future prospects for parton showers , in Snowmass 2021 , 3, 2022. arXiv:2203.0679

    2021

  34. [43]

    J. M. Campbell et. al. , Event generators for high-energy physics experiments , SciPost Phys. 16 (2024), no. 5 130, [ arXiv:2203.1111]

    2024

  35. [44]

    Frixione et

    S. Frixione et. al. , Initial state QED radiation aspects for future e+e− colliders, in Snowmass 2021 , 3, 2022. arXiv:2203.1255

    2021

  36. [45]

    J.-B. Lee, M. R. Masouminia, M. H. Seymour, and U.-k. Yang, Generalized angular-order parton showers in Herwig 7 , JHEP 08 (2024) 064, [ arXiv:2312.1312]

    2024

  37. [46]

    Kulkarni, M

    S. Kulkarni, M. R. Masouminia, S. Pl¨ atzer, and D. Stafford, Dark sector showers and hadronisation in Herwig 7 , Eur. Phys. J. C 84 (2024), no. 11 1210, [ arXiv:2408.1004]

    2024

  38. [47]

    Sjostrand, S

    T. Sjostrand, S. Mrenna, and P. Z. Skands, A Brief Introduction to PYTHIA 8.1 , Comput. Phys. Commun. 178 (2008) 852–867, [ arXiv:0710.3820]

    2008 arXiv

  39. [48]

    Sj¨ ostrand, S

    T. Sj¨ ostrand, S. Ask, J. R. Christiansen, R. Corke, N. Desai, P. Ilten, S. Mrenna, S. Prestel, C. O. Rasmussen, and P. Z. Skands, An introduction to PYTHIA 8.2 , Comput. Phys. Commun. 191 (2015) 159–177, [ arXiv:1410.3012]

    2015 arXiv

  40. [49]

    Cooke, P

    N. Cooke, P. Ilten, L. L¨ onnblad, and S. Mrenna, Non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics in parton showers , Eur. Phys. J. C 84 (2024), no. 4 432, [ arXiv:2312.0520]

    2024

  41. [50]

    E. J. Eichten and C. Quigg, Quarkonium wave functions at the origin , Phys. Rev. D 52 (1995) 1726–1728, [ hep-ph/9503356]

    1995 arXiv

  42. [51]

    Petrelli, M

    A. Petrelli, M. Cacciari, M. Greco, F. Maltoni, and M. L. Mangano, NLO production and decay of quarkonium , Nucl. Phys. B 514 (1998) 245–309, [ hep-ph/9707223]

    1998 arXiv

  43. [52]

    G. T. Bodwin, H. S. Chung, D. Kang, J. Lee, and C. Yu, Improved determination of – 36 – color-singlet nonrelativistic QCD matrix elements for S-wave charmonium , Phys. Rev. D 77 (2008) 094017, [ arXiv:0710.0994]

    2008 arXiv

  44. [53]

    J. H. Kuhn and E. Mirkes, QCD corrections to toponium production at hadron colliders , Phys. Rev. D 48 (1993) 179–189, [ hep-ph/9301204]

    1993 arXiv

  45. [54]

    G. P. Lepage, L. Magnea, C. Nakhleh, U. Magnea, and K. Hornbostel, Improved nonrelativistic QCD for heavy quark physics , Phys. Rev. D 46 (1992) 4052–4067, [hep-lat/9205007]

    1992 arXiv

  46. [55]

    P. L. Cho and A. K. Leibovich, Color octet quarkonia production , Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 150–162, [hep-ph/9505329]

    1996 arXiv

  47. [56]

    Beneke and I

    M. Beneke and I. Z. Rothstein, Hadroproduction of quarkonia in fixed target experiments , Phys. Rev. D 54 (1996) 2005, [ hep-ph/9603400]. [Erratum: Phys.Rev.D 54, 7082 (1996)]

    1996 arXiv

  48. [57]

    Colquhoun, R

    B. Colquhoun, R. J. Dowdall, C. T. H. Davies, K. Hornbostel, and G. P. Lepage, Υ and Υ′ Leptonic Widths, ab µ and mb from full lattice QCD , Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015), no. 7 074514, [arXiv:1408.5768]

    2015 arXiv

  49. [58]

    M. A. Shifman, A. I. Vainshtein, and V. I. Zakharov, QCD and Resonance Physics: Applications, Nucl. Phys. B 147 (1979) 448–518

    1979

  50. [59]

    Braaten, K.-m

    E. Braaten, K.-m. Cheung, and T. C. Yuan, Z0 decay into charmonium via charm quark fragmentation, Phys. Rev. D 48 (1993) 4230–4235, [ hep-ph/9302307]

    1993 arXiv

  51. [60]

    Chen, Perturbative QCD predictions for the fragmentation functions of the P wave mesons with two heavy quarks , Phys

    Y.-Q. Chen, Perturbative QCD predictions for the fragmentation functions of the P wave mesons with two heavy quarks , Phys. Rev. D 48 (1993) 5181–5189

    1993

  52. [61]

    T. C. Yuan, Perturbative QCD fragmentation functions for production of P wave mesons with charm and beauty , Phys. Rev. D 50 (1994) 5664–5675, [ hep-ph/9405348]

    1994 arXiv

  53. [62]

    Cheung and T

    K.-m. Cheung and T. C. Yuan, Heavy quark fragmentation functions for d wave quarkonium and charmed beauty mesons , Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 3591–3603, [ hep-ph/9510208]

    1996 arXiv

  54. [63]

    Braaten and T

    E. Braaten and T. C. Yuan, Gluon fragmentation into heavy quarkonium , Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 (1993) 1673–1676, [ hep-ph/9303205]

    1993 arXiv

  55. [64]

    L. D. Landau, On the angular momentum of a system of two photons , Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 60 (1948), no. 2 207–209

    1948

  56. [65]

    Yang, Selection Rules for the Dematerialization of a Particle Into Two Photons , Phys

    C.-N. Yang, Selection Rules for the Dematerialization of a Particle Into Two Photons , Phys. Rev. 77 (1950) 242–245

    1950

  57. [66]

    P. L. Cho and A. K. Leibovich, Color octet quarkonia production. 2. , Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 6203–6217, [ hep-ph/9511315]

    1996 arXiv

  58. [67]

    Cacciari and M

    M. Cacciari and M. Greco, J/ψ production via fragmentation at the Tevatron , Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 1586–1589, [ hep-ph/9405241]

    1994 arXiv

  59. [68]

    Braaten and T

    E. Braaten and T. C. Yuan, Gluon fragmentation into P wave heavy quarkonium , Phys. Rev. D 50 (1994) 3176–3180, [ hep-ph/9403401]

    1994 arXiv

  60. [69]

    G. C. Nayak, J.-W. Qiu, and G. F. Sterman, Fragmentation, factorization and infrared poles in heavy quarkonium production , Phys. Lett. B 613 (2005) 45–51, [ hep-ph/0501235]

    2005 arXiv

  61. [70]

    B. A. Kniehl, D. V. Vasin, and V. A. Saleev, Charmonium production at high energy in the kT -factorization approach, Phys. Rev. D 73 (2006) 074022, [ hep-ph/0602179]. – 37 –

    2006 arXiv

  62. [71]

    A. F. Falk, M. E. Luke, M. J. Savage, and M. B. Wise, Heavy quark fragmentation to baryons containing two heavy quarks , Phys. Rev. D 49 (1994) 555–558, [ hep-ph/9305315]

    1994 arXiv

  63. [72]

    J. P. Ma and Z. G. Si, Factorization approach for inclusive production of doubly heavy baryon, Phys. Lett. B 568 (2003) 135–145, [ hep-ph/0305079]

    2003 arXiv

  64. [73]

    H.-X. Chen, Q. Mao, W. Chen, X. Liu, and S.-L. Zhu, Establishing low-lying doubly charmed baryons, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017), no. 3 031501, [ arXiv:1707.0177]. [Erratum: Phys.Rev.D 96, 119902 (2017)]

    2017

  65. [74]

    Chatrchyan et

    CMS Collaboration, S. Chatrchyan et. al. , J/ψ and ψ2S production in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV, JHEP 02 (2012) 011, [ arXiv:1111.1557]

    2012 arXiv

  66. [75]

    Khachatryan et

    CMS Collaboration, V. Khachatryan et. al., Measurements of the Υ(1S), Υ(2S), and Υ(3S) differential cross sections in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV, Phys. Lett. B 749 (2015) 14–34, [arXiv:1501.0775]

    2015

  67. [76]

    Abelev et

    ALICE Collaboration, B. Abelev et. al. , Inclusive J/ψ production in pp collisions at√s = 2.76 TeV, Phys. Lett. B 718 (2012) 295–306, [ arXiv:1203.3641]. [Erratum: Phys.Lett.B 748, 472–473 (2015)]

    2012

  68. [77]

    Acharya et

    ALICE Collaboration, S. Acharya et. al. , Inclusive J/ ψ production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at √s = 5.02 TeV , JHEP 10 (2019) 084, [ arXiv:1905.0721]

    2019

  69. [78]

    E. J. Eichten and C. Quigg, Quarkonium wave functions at the origin: an update , arXiv:1904.1154

    1904

  70. [79]

    Particle Data GroupCollaboration, R. L. Workman et. al. , Review of Particle Physics , PTEP 2022 (2022) 083C01

    2022

  71. [80]

    Navas et

    Particle Data GroupCollaboration, S. Navas et. al. , Review of particle physics , Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024), no. 3 030001

    2024

  72. [81]

    Buckley, J

    A. Buckley, J. Butterworth, D. Grellscheid, H. Hoeth, L. Lonnblad, J. Monk, H. Schulz, and F. Siegert, Rivet user manual , Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 2803–2819, [arXiv:1003.0694]

    2013 arXiv

  73. [82]

    Bierlich, A

    C. Bierlich, A. Buckley, J. M. Butterworth, C. Gutschow, L. Lonnblad, T. Procter, P. Richardson, and Y. Yeh, Robust independent validation of experiment and theory: Rivet version 4 release note , SciPost Phys. Codeb. 36 (2024) 1, [ arXiv:2404.1598]

    2024

  74. [83]

    Buckley, L

    A. Buckley, L. Corpe, M. Filipovich, C. Gutschow, N. Rozinsky, S. Thor, Y. Yeh, and J. Yellen, Consistent, multidimensional differential histogramming and summary statistics with YODA 2 , arXiv:2312.1507

  75. [84]

    Aaboud et

    A TLASCollaboration, M. Aaboud et. al. , Measurement of quarkonium production in proton–lead and proton–proton collisions at 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector , Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018), no. 3 171, [ arXiv:1709.0308]

    2018

  76. [85]

    G. Aad et. al. , Measurement of the differential cross-sections of prompt and non-prompt production of J/ψ and ψ(2S) in pp collisions at √s = 7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector, JHEP 10 (2015) 085

    2015

  77. [86]

    LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij et. al. , Measurement of the ηc(1S) production cross-section in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV, Eur. Phys. J. C 80 (2020), no. 3 191, [ arXiv:1911.0332]

    2020

  78. [87]

    LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij et. al. , Measurement of J/ψ production in pp collisions at√s = 2.76 TeV, JHEP 02 (2013) 041, [ arXiv:1212.1045]. – 38 –

    2013 arXiv

  79. [88]

    CMS Collaboration, A. M. Sirunyan et. al. , Measurement of prompt and nonprompt J/ψ production in pp and pPb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV, Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017), no. 4 269, [arXiv:1702.0146]

    2017

  80. [89]

    LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij et. al. , Measurement of J/ψ production cross-sections in pp collisions at √s = 5 TeV, JHEP 11 (2021) 181, [ arXiv:2109.0022]

    2021

  81. [90]

    A TLASCollaboration, G. Aad et. al. , Measurement of the differential cross-sections of inclusive, prompt and non-prompt J/ψ production in proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV, Nucl. Phys. B 850 (2011) 387–444, [ arXiv:1104.3038]

    2011 arXiv

  82. [91]

    LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij et. al. , Measurement of J/ψ polarization in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV, Eur. Phys. J. C 73 (2013), no. 11 2631, [ arXiv:1307.6379]

    2013 arXiv

  83. [92]

    LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij et. al. , Measurement of J/ψ production in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV, Eur. Phys. J. C 71 (2011) 1645, [ arXiv:1103.0423]

    2011 arXiv

  84. [93]

    LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij et. al. , Production of J/psi and Upsilon mesons in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV , JHEP 06 (2013) 064, [ arXiv:1304.6977]

    2013 arXiv

  85. [94]

    Acharya et

    ALICE Collaboration, S. Acharya et. al. , Inclusive J/ ψ production at midrapidity in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV, arXiv:2108.0190

  86. [95]

    Acharya et

    ALICE Collaboration, S. Acharya et. al. , Energy dependence of forward-rapidity J/ψ and ψ(2S) production in pp collisions at the LHC , Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017), no. 6 392, [arXiv:1702.0055]

    2017

  87. [96]

    CMS Collaboration, A. M. Sirunyan et. al. , Measurement of quarkonium production cross sections in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV, Phys. Lett. B 780 (2018) 251–272, [arXiv:1710.1100]

    2018

  88. [97]

    CMS Collaboration, A. M. Sirunyan et. al. , Measurement of prompt ψ(2S) production cross sections in proton-lead and proton-proton collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV, Phys. Lett. B 790 (2019) 509–532, [ arXiv:1805.0224]

    2019

  89. [98]

    A TLASCollaboration, G. Aad et. al. , Measurement of Upsilon production in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS , Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013), no. 5 052004, [ arXiv:1211.7255]

    2013 arXiv

  90. [99]

    Chatrchyan et

    CMS Collaboration, S. Chatrchyan et. al. , Measurement of the Υ(1S), Υ(2S), and Υ(3S) Cross Sections in pp Collisions at √s = 7 TeV , Phys. Lett. B 727 (2013) 101–125, [arXiv:1303.5900]

    2013 arXiv

  91. [100]

    Chatrchyan et

    CMS Collaboration, S. Chatrchyan et. al. , Measurement of the Y (1S), Y(2S) and Y (3S) Polarizations in pp Collisions at √s = 7 TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 (2013), no. 8 081802, [arXiv:1209.2922]

    2013 arXiv

  92. [101]

    LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij et. al. , Measurement of Upsilon production in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV , Eur. Phys. J. C 72 (2012) 2025, [ arXiv:1202.6579]. – 39 –

    2012 arXiv

Pith tools

Reviewed August 5, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.