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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 24 of 24 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.01312.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.01312 v1

Coverage vector

measured 24 of 24 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.058079Z

measured 24 of 24 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

24 of 24 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy17
  • unresolved6
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 118cd5d5-a572-416f-8835-dc480a2d96eb · outbound

This paper cites Education as we know it may well be dead.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees Education as we know it may well be dead

Reference 1

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.509766Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation c77c2c44-6e7f-4011-ba10-a69fe49a542d · outbound

This paper cites good degree.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees good degree

Reference 2

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.386546Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:24.999228Z digest=sha256:4fc2ba190fd4cb842d7db672762260f47e0e841956fc945e21a4f6529dae1282

Observation 573daafd-1066-47af-b788-1e7150ecb04a · outbound

This paper cites outsource.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees outsource

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.482370Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation 33d17d4f-c551-4de0-a5bd-2c1dde49dc18 · outbound

This paper cites We describe each module in turn herein and give some examples that we found interesting from the outputs obtained from ChatGPT for illustrative purposes.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees We describe each module in turn herein and give some examples that we found interesting from the outputs obtained from ChatGPT for illustrative purposes

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.428122Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:24.986048Z digest=sha256:59ffe355755d840ba08eefb5c66b489710c59dd7c0a4e68001b489ff096e90aa

Observation ff773480-e832-42b1-bff4-64ff9bb4b736 · outbound

This paper cites maximal intelligent cheating.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees maximal intelligent cheating

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.454719Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:24.975946Z digest=sha256:0a9f4772cd58e99c4a4316086751679754f6baab777574e97668f59a54539fdc

Observation 5ed9fe11-d4b4-442b-b895-4aae9a2f16fa · outbound

This paper cites performances.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees performances

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.345314Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:25.012234Z digest=sha256:d2522e0b6212d45b3972036aec2fae73f15ef770f541078ed40d26fc129163b6

Observation 3020f7bc-8335-4379-b615-0d25f072754c · outbound

This paper cites 2023; Yeadon & Hardy 2024; see also Zollman et al., 2024).

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees 2023; Yeadon & Hardy 2024; see also Zollman et al., 2024)

Reference 9

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.400129Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:24.994901Z digest=sha256:26c0d7d6413f64464acb5ab2f10cd8812bb4df6398cd480e10296475a28e8997

Observation 53069b68-8a69-4fd2-bc80-fd4edc6810d2 · outbound

This paper cites Core to a strategy where AI tools are embedded is the need to support students with critical literacies around their use (Ewen.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees Core to a strategy where AI tools are embedded is the need to support students with critical literacies around their use (Ewen

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.372621Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:25.003851Z digest=sha256:ab8c4c727dc3732b549ce7ead7c5053fbf77a538d701b975c52ee7a10f80f7e8

Observation 5fbf7528-5fa0-4c60-9507-bd892b47c126 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.230148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:25.053661Z digest=sha256:03696cb18b5f3465cbc8eb2255d011babdf58f9eb16bb52f17318e39f0401fa2

Observation 97e475af-c8d1-49ee-a6e5-00d59ecb18b2 · outbound

This paper cites Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(2).

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(2)

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.318217Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation 00d280b1-89bb-4d5e-a946-7f297237f478 · outbound

This paper cites International Journal for Educational Integrity, 19(1), p.17.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees International Journal for Educational Integrity, 19(1), p.17

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.303474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:25.027984Z digest=sha256:5f2f849ec11a4bc594caec951158ee0f32e79a9fd8c128ad1ece30246ddcc4e0

Observation aa3255ff-34e5-4c6b-bb4c-718096dd52bc · outbound

This paper cites Physical Review Physics Education Research, 20(1), p.010145.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees Physical Review Physics Education Research, 20(1), p.010145

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.288077Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:25.031853Z digest=sha256:01f517a2a53040c61970c83c56a569bdc0945797499904603a01dd4d385d9e48

Observation efa40443-1dea-4ad3-b22d-1dc0684e8302 · outbound

This paper cites American Journal of Physics, 91(12), pp.955-956.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees American Journal of Physics, 91(12), pp.955-956

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.273279Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:25.035713Z digest=sha256:74a311917c291a20c77e32ea116932fa231808a1db2522faaf7140f0222f90ce

Observation 867c65d9-4497-48b4-b07a-d159d894a63e · outbound

This paper cites and Rezende, M.F.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees and Rezende, M.F

Reference 20

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.259254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:25.040078Z digest=sha256:f7b93ed9050313f3d29611a3edf8487658416ad0493bef45f947cbc88bb60b24

Observation 955a13b4-342a-403d-b207-88c883c9b162 · outbound

This paper cites Journal of Radiological Protection, 44(1), p.013502.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees Journal of Radiological Protection, 44(1), p.013502

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.244733Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation d6f10483-5db1-49f1-9f04-dc38322d68b6 · outbound

This paper cites Will we run out of data? Limits of LLM scaling based on human-generated data.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees Will we run out of data? Limits of LLM scaling based on human-generated data

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.049137Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:25.049137Z digest=sha256:b3e9606cc0365785bcd95b82d33bc50a4f7c7774288e660c18c0fb356ca991fc

Observation d71b8b72-ab69-49f3-bebb-b52293918b3b · outbound

This paper cites AI and the FCI: Can ChatGPT Project an Understanding of Introductory Physics?.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees AI and the FCI: Can ChatGPT Project an Understanding of Introductory Physics?

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.058079Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:25.058079Z digest=sha256:25c6b3836bf4ecdcc295b7b31fdc79ddb7be5d26b1da32ac65092300d82558a5

Observation 6ec986c2-636f-48dc-8ff8-60ade1004b48 · outbound

This paper cites maximally intelligent cheat.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees maximally intelligent cheat

Reference 55

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.414536Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:24.990506Z digest=sha256:9a41a6c7c62aa7f2419e071d7ab9d11f1991c16ddd1a1dfb92e46a935cf3a1bf

Observation d39a3743-6faf-43c4-bcb2-249d31dbc893 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees Unresolved cited work

Reference 2001

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.496424Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:24.961584Z digest=sha256:557b957d386c1440b5159b6d596e1c43e58a829409a6a24b72c59b376515c34e

Observation a9aabbee-bd1d-4b9e-a3e8-6fcb246ee6a4 · outbound

This paper cites maximally intelligent cheat.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees maximally intelligent cheat

Reference 2022

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.358296Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:25.008056Z digest=sha256:0a2f73b32a42942897a3fd1727c3269d2493bf3cb6705d05d5922550c66af0aa

Observation 08647b54-a9b6-4f32-8e03-7b04bbd19fe0 · outbound

This paper cites It also goes further than previous work that use either previous versions of GPT or introductory courses (e.g., Kortemeyer 2023; Tong et al., 2023).

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees It also goes further than previous work that use either previous versions of GPT or introductory courses (e.g., Kortemeyer 2023; Tong et al., 2023)

Reference 2023

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.468522Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation c39e24f2-bad3-416a-ad9a-dd44755fe081 · outbound

This paper cites In undertaking the above, we acknowledge that we have a significant in-built advantage.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees In undertaking the above, we acknowledge that we have a significant in-built advantage

Reference 2024

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.441861Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:24.980902Z digest=sha256:491772d4fa867bd3241970da6b59a387412d3d14f2c7a32c58727a83f21c96ee

Observation d53a3f38-6d98-453d-8d7e-d63dab51aa1a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees Unresolved cited work

Reference 2026

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.332403Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:25.016339Z digest=sha256:1efecbdfd7f7c1f645e84893d7e7414d21a540ee2a377be64bc1a49fda905b33

Observation 5efd2289-0273-470e-9d97-783dedf4724a · outbound

This paper cites We need to reform how we undertake assessment with celerity.

Can ChatGPT pass a physics degree? Making a case for reformation of assessment of undergraduate degrees We need to reform how we undertake assessment with celerity

Reference 2060

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:32:25.020413Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:32:25.020413Z digest=sha256:400ac62378aa38e5addb06b651fc3206de11d135439ea789203e8a98fcdf3b85

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.