On the use of foundation models in cognitive science | Paper Citation Record

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This paper cites Using large language models to simulate multiple humans and replicate human subject studies.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Using large language models to simulate multiple humans and replicate human subject studies

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This paper cites Large language models for mathematical reasoning: Progresses and challenges.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Large language models for mathematical reasoning: Progresses and challenges

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This paper cites How can the human mind occur in the physical universe? Oxford University Press, 2009.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science How can the human mind occur in the physical universe? Oxford University Press, 2009

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On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Claude [large language model]

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This paper cites Transformer networks of human conceptual knowledge.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Transformer networks of human conceptual knowledge

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This paper cites Pythia: A suite for analyzing large language models across training and scaling.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Pythia: A suite for analyzing large language models across training and scaling

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This paper cites Using cognitive psychology to understand gpt-3.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Using cognitive psychology to understand gpt-3

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This paper cites A foundation model to predict and capture human cognition.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science A foundation model to predict and capture human cognition

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This paper cites Using bayesian regression to test hypotheses about re- lationships between parameters and covariates in cognitive models.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Using bayesian regression to test hypotheses about re- lationships between parameters and covariates in cognitive models

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This paper cites Antagonistic AI.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Antagonistic AI

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This paper cites What one intelligence test measures: a theoretical account of the processing in the raven progressive matrices test.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science What one intelligence test measures: a theoretical account of the processing in the raven progressive matrices test

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This paper cites Word acquisition in neural language models.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Word acquisition in neural language models

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This paper cites Hu, Jing Liu, Jaap Jumelet, Tal Linzen, Aaron Mueller, Candace Ross, Raj Sanjay Shah, Alex Warstadt, Ethan Gotlieb Wilcox, and Adina Williams.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Hu, Jing Liu, Jaap Jumelet, Tal Linzen, Aaron Mueller, Candace Ross, Raj Sanjay Shah, Alex Warstadt, Ethan Gotlieb Wilcox, and Adina Williams

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This paper cites Think deep, not just long: Measuring llm reasoning effort via deep-thinking tokens.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Think deep, not just long: Measuring llm reasoning effort via deep-thinking tokens

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This paper cites Babylm turns 4: Call for papers for the 2026 babylm workshop.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Babylm turns 4: Call for papers for the 2026 babylm workshop

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This paper cites Deep neural networks as scientiﬁc models.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Deep neural networks as scientiﬁc models

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This paper cites CogBench: a large language model walks into a psychology lab.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science CogBench: a large language model walks into a psychology lab

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This paper cites Decoding answers before chain-of-thought: Evidence from pre-cot probes and activation steering.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Decoding answers before chain-of-thought: Evidence from pre-cot probes and activation steering

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This paper cites Ai surrogates and illusions of generalizability in cognitive science.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Ai surrogates and illusions of generalizability in cognitive science

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This paper cites The two disciplines of scientiﬁc psychology.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science The two disciplines of scientiﬁc psychology

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This paper cites The limitations of large language models for understanding human language and cognition.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science The limitations of large language models for understanding human language and cognition

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This paper cites The cost of thinking is similar between large reasoning models and humans.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science The cost of thinking is similar between large reasoning models and humans

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This paper cites Systematic testing of three language models reveals low language accuracy, absence of response stability, and a yes-response bias.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Systematic testing of three language models reveals low language accuracy, absence of response stability, and a yes-response bias

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This paper cites HLB: Benchmarking LLMs' Humanlikeness in Language Use.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science HLB: Benchmarking LLMs' Humanlikeness in Language Use

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On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Unresolved cited work

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This paper cites A Primer on the Inner Workings of Transformer-based Language Models.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science A Primer on the Inner Workings of Transformer-based Language Models

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This paper cites A distributional perspective on word learning in neural language mod- els.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science A distributional perspective on word learning in neural language mod- els

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This paper cites Bridging the data gap between children and large language models.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Bridging the data gap between children and large language models

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On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Cognitive modeling using artiﬁcial intelligence

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This paper cites Individual differences in artiﬁcial neural networks capture individual differences in human behavior.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Individual differences in artiﬁcial neural networks capture individual differences in human behavior

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On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Relational reasoning and generalization using nonsymbolic neural networks

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This paper cites What have we learned about artiﬁcial intelligence from studying the brain? Biological cybernetics, 118(1):1–5, 2024.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science What have we learned about artiﬁcial intelligence from studying the brain? Biological cybernetics, 118(1):1–5, 2024

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On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Gemini 3.1 pro

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On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Olmo: Accelerating the science of language models

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On the use of foundation models in cognitive science On logical inference over brains, behaviour, and artiﬁcial neural networks

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On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Understanding graphical perception in data visualization through vision-language models

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This paper cites Individual differences in non-verbal number acuity correlate with maths achievement.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Individual differences in non-verbal number acuity correlate with maths achievement

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This paper cites A probabilistic Earley parser as a psycholinguistic model.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science A probabilistic Earley parser as a psycholinguistic model

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This paper cites Artiﬁcial neural network language models align neurally and behaviorally with humans even after a developmentally realistic amount of training.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Artiﬁcial neural network language models align neurally and behaviorally with humans even after a developmentally realistic amount of training

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This paper cites Auxiliary task demands mask the capabilities of smaller language models.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Auxiliary task demands mask the capabilities of smaller language models

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On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Language models align with human judg- ments on key grammatical constructions

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This paper cites In-context analogical reasoning with pre-trained language models.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science In-context analogical reasoning with pre-trained language models

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This paper cites thinking traces in large reasoning models: Cognitive cost or performative scaffolding? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 123(17):e2604554123, 2026.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science thinking traces in large reasoning models: Cognitive cost or performative scaffolding? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 123(17):e2604554123, 2026

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This paper cites The representational geometry of number.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science The representational geometry of number

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This paper cites Are more tokens rational? inference-time scaling in language models as adaptive resource rationality.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Are more tokens rational? inference-time scaling in language models as adaptive resource rationality

Reference 45

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On the use of foundation models in cognitive science How to evaluate the cognitive abilities of llms

Reference 46

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This paper cites How many instructions can llms follow at once? In NeurIPS 2025 Workshop on Evaluating the Evolving LLM Lifecycle: Benchmarks, Emergent Abilities, and Scaling, 2025.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science How many instructions can llms follow at once? In NeurIPS 2025 Workshop on Evaluating the Evolving LLM Lifecycle: Benchmarks, Emergent Abilities, and Scaling, 2025

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This paper cites Llms can ﬁnd mathematical reasoning mis- takes by pedagogical chain-of-thought.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Llms can ﬁnd mathematical reasoning mis- takes by pedagogical chain-of-thought

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This paper cites The organization of thinking: What functional brain imaging reveals about the neuroarchitecture of complex cognition.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science The organization of thinking: What functional brain imaging reveals about the neuroarchitecture of complex cognition

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This paper cites Interpretability of artiﬁcial neural network models in artiﬁcial intelligence versus neuroscience.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Interpretability of artiﬁcial neural network models in artiﬁcial intelligence versus neuroscience

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This paper cites Psychometric predictive power of large language models.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Psychometric predictive power of large language models

Reference 51

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This paper cites Large language models are human-like internally.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Large language models are human-like internally

Reference 52

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This paper cites Language models, like humans, show content effects on reasoning tasks.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Language models, like humans, show content effects on reasoning tasks

Reference 53

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On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Representation biases: will we achieve complete understanding by analyzing representations?

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On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Expectation-based syntactic comprehension

Reference 55

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This paper cites Incremental comprehension of garden-path sentences by large language models: Semantic interpretation, syntactic re-analysis, and attention.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Incremental comprehension of garden-path sentences by large language models: Semantic interpretation, syntactic re-analysis, and attention

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This paper cites Cogmath: Assessing llms’ authentic mathematical ability from a human cognitive perspective.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Cogmath: Assessing llms’ authentic mathematical ability from a human cognitive perspective

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This paper cites Llm360: Towards fully transparent open-source llms.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Llm360: Towards fully transparent open-source llms

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Observation e6dd8c1b-051d-4b2a-8591-0629067c31a0 · outbound

This paper cites Response times: Their role in inferring elementary mental organization.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Response times: Their role in inferring elementary mental organization

Reference 59

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.517022Z

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Observation aa7dd308-a635-4924-8de3-fc91fb7c0961 · outbound

This paper cites Rethinking thinking tokens: Llms as improvement operators.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Rethinking thinking tokens: Llms as improvement operators

Reference 60

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This paper cites Dissociating language and thought in large language models.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Dissociating language and thought in large language models

Reference 61

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.504331Z

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Observation 9bb112cd-fd69-4000-aee8-b735e90176fb · outbound

This paper cites Vision: A computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Vision: A computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information

Reference 62

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Observation fceb9cdf-7c5f-44b1-a63e-4033dcd2f573 · outbound

This paper cites Cognitive assessment of language models.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Cognitive assessment of language models

Reference 63

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.486743Z

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Observation e01e019e-27b8-4bdc-9688-e010b8202f2e · outbound

This paper cites How can deep neural networks inform theory in psychological science? 2023.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science How can deep neural networks inform theory in psychological science? 2023

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Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.476733Z

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Observation 8dc190cb-cd1c-43e8-93f0-fdbff142e89d · outbound

This paper cites N-gram-like language models predict reading time best.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science N-gram-like language models predict reading time best

Reference 65

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This paper cites Large language models are able to downplay their cognitive abilities to ﬁt the persona they simulate.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Large language models are able to downplay their cognitive abilities to ﬁt the persona they simulate

Reference 66

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Observation 639d0bb2-d90d-45db-bffd-37447fa459c0 · outbound

This paper cites Interventionist methods for interpreting deep neural networks.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Interventionist methods for interpreting deep neural networks

Reference 67

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Observation db8e2a88-4450-4ee6-a6ee-14b922987bb2 · outbound

This paper cites Do language models learn typicality judgments from text? In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society , volume 43, 2021.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Do language models learn typicality judgments from text? In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society , volume 43, 2021

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Observation 18bd4fca-72e3-4d11-8267-b4e972db5067 · outbound

This paper cites Moyer and Thomas K.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Moyer and Thomas K

Reference 69

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Observation e7fc0638-ee92-4eed-b2e6-1544b538468a · outbound

This paper cites To model human linguistic prediction, make LLMs less superhuman.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science To model human linguistic prediction, make LLMs less superhuman

Reference 70

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This paper cites Transformer-based language model surprisal predicts human reading times best with about two billion training tokens.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Transformer-based language model surprisal predicts human reading times best with about two billion training tokens

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Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.418132Z

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Observation 71a9c33e-f0a9-457b-a719-d051f2677a78 · outbound

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On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Unresolved cited work

Reference 72

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.406226Z

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On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Unresolved cited work

Reference 73

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This paper cites So- cial simulacra: Creating populated prototypes for social computing systems.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science So- cial simulacra: Creating populated prototypes for social computing systems

Reference 74

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Observation f3c58236-6ad3-4f8f-a66b-c77a97f08090 · outbound

This paper cites Temporal aspects of digit and letter inequality judgments.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Temporal aspects of digit and letter inequality judgments

Reference 75

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.372066Z

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Observation 3f80daa9-5159-4407-a046-7df7208eec5b · outbound

This paper cites Mapping language models to grounded conceptual spaces.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Mapping language models to grounded conceptual spaces

Reference 76

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Observation 95880de9-c967-430a-986c-1936708039be · outbound

This paper cites Modern language models refute chomskys approach to language.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Modern language models refute chomskys approach to language

Reference 77

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This paper cites Why concepts are (probably) vectors.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Why concepts are (probably) vectors

Reference 78

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Observation 01042b32-05d1-4778-bd4b-4203c91c9884 · outbound

This paper cites Conjectures and refutations: The growth of scientiﬁc knowledge.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Conjectures and refutations: The growth of scientiﬁc knowledge

Reference 79

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.328462Z

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Observation b80c850f-bed0-4be6-8018-117589352dfb · outbound

This paper cites A controlled reevaluation of coreference resolution models.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science A controlled reevaluation of coreference resolution models

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Observation 57edfecb-791d-40b6-9e47-f8bad1cc6a6a · outbound

This paper cites Frank, and Gary Lupyan.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Frank, and Gary Lupyan

Reference 81

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This paper cites Psychological predicates.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Psychological predicates

Reference 82

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Observation bde2d7b0-5577-4faa-ac19-c646aa0fe1d9 · outbound

This paper cites Does spatial cognition emerge in frontier models? In The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations , 2024.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Does spatial cognition emerge in frontier models? In The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations , 2024

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Observation a464a988-de82-4049-8467-2170758a01a4 · outbound

This paper cites Similarity judgment within and across categories: A comprehensive model comparison.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Similarity judgment within and across categories: A comprehensive model comparison

Reference 84

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.270140Z

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Observation 984da95c-43b3-486b-8838-5f1b8fc3e4a6 · outbound

This paper cites Perturbation: A simple and efﬁcient adversarial tracer for representation learning in language models.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Perturbation: A simple and efﬁcient adversarial tracer for representation learning in language models

Reference 85

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:34.541497Z

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Observation 26f6c250-1ebf-4c4e-9ab7-e35103edc8fa · outbound

This paper cites Pdp models and general issues in cognitive science.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Pdp models and general issues in cognitive science

Reference 86

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.257566Z

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Observation 3164ec5a-ae64-49be-a09b-64008061fc33 · outbound

This paper cites In-context impersonation reveals large language models’ strengths and biases.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science In-context impersonation reveals large language models’ strengths and biases

Reference 87

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.245672Z

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Observation bfda8594-8168-4fd0-8d28-f3bcc9b4dc3b · outbound

This paper cites Development of cognitive intelligence in pre-trained language models.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Development of cognitive intelligence in pre-trained language models

Reference 88

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.234585Z

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Observation 64a5dd2c-9d71-4267-96e9-11b4ee8afbe4 · outbound

This paper cites Numeric magnitude comparison effects in large language models, 2023.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Numeric magnitude comparison effects in large language models, 2023

Reference 89

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Observation d7927d61-81d2-4153-a3bb-76c875e60107 · outbound

This paper cites Word frequency and predictability dissociate in naturalistic reading.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Word frequency and predictability dissociate in naturalistic reading

Reference 90

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.212065Z

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Observation e69721f5-b643-4c37-9fab-4ff75009c72f · outbound

This paper cites Open problems in mechanistic interpretability.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Open problems in mechanistic interpretability

Reference 91

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.201155Z

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Observation bf837d09-7c13-4144-afb5-f058a23d901d · outbound

This paper cites The bitter lesson.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science The bitter lesson

Reference 92

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Observation 4d807d2c-c3c2-4bec-aa60-a2ce1bffabfb · outbound

This paper cites Devbench: A multimodal developmental benchmark for language learning.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Devbench: A multimodal developmental benchmark for language learning

Reference 93

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.182914Z

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Observation b961f679-f26d-44e5-90e1-69144f54c2ea · outbound

This paper cites Numerosity discrimination in deep neural networks: Initial competence, developmental reﬁnement and experience statistics.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Numerosity discrimination in deep neural networks: Initial competence, developmental reﬁnement and experience statistics

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Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.171762Z

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Observation 79e4bab5-7a1d-4e2b-a729-0c5e318bcdf0 · outbound

This paper cites Two tales of persona in llms: A survey of role-playing and personalization.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Two tales of persona in llms: A survey of role-playing and personalization

Reference 95

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.159122Z

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Observation aec6df84-78c9-410b-b116-599984c25e7d · outbound

This paper cites Language models don’t always say what they think: Unfaithful explanations in chain-of-thought prompting.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Language models don’t always say what they think: Unfaithful explanations in chain-of-thought prompting

Reference 96

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.147910Z

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Observation abc2f309-2246-4152-99c6-a6c7821a132b · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models Fail on Trivial Alterations to Theory-of-Mind Tasks.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Large Language Models Fail on Trivial Alterations to Theory-of-Mind Tasks

Reference 97

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:34.361036Z

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Observation ea678b51-a1a0-480c-ad9e-772eda376c3a · outbound

This paper cites Individual differences as a crucible in theory construction.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Individual differences as a crucible in theory construction

Reference 98

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.134602Z

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Observation fab5c48e-ef77-4061-99e4-a5147cdf31eb · outbound

This paper cites Reclaiming ai as a theoretical tool for cognitive science.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Reclaiming ai as a theoretical tool for cognitive science

Reference 99

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T04:16:35.123486Z

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Observation 7268ae73-1322-4a63-9c0e-0c5e963582f6 · outbound

This paper cites Correlations without causa- tion do not support claims of human–llm reasoning alignment.

On the use of foundation models in cognitive science Correlations without causa- tion do not support claims of human–llm reasoning alignment

Reference 100

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