Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 21 of 21 outbound references and 4 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.06751.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.06751 v2

Coverage vector

measured 21 of 21 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:03.842220Z

measured 25 of 25 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 4 of 4 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-01T02:12:25.376088Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-03T20:18:57.478028Z

Reference resolution

21 of 21 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved21
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 1112c7a7-28de-468a-b376-82f511b17cdb · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:00.889825Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 07c3664b-858f-467c-a918-e755f413933f · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:01.014643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 74ef8684-a9cc-47ef-8986-7c65f084f15f · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:01.180220Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 32f273be-997b-405a-8a0e-b9c623c25426 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:06.126272Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation eb48e481-8d12-440d-8e0b-f9c4b11c42a5 · outbound

This paper cites Assessing Cross-Cultural Alignment between ChatGPT and Human Societies: An Empirical Study.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Assessing Cross-Cultural Alignment between ChatGPT and Human Societies: An Empirical Study

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:01.491152Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 44ac0f98-a6d3-48ce-a4f0-b280d22bfd88 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:05.937119Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 6bb8050a-8a6a-4f4a-8be0-6dd33e85c39a · outbound

This paper cites On the Relationship between Truth and Political Bias in Language Models.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models On the Relationship between Truth and Political Bias in Language Models

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:01.750881Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e08e082-817d-4726-85fc-06e917a1e451 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:01.873397Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 21a46e03-e6b6-4ec5-92ab-55572de3853d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:05.801540Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation edf46dc7-6330-4d25-a980-facf49197a5d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:02.105904Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6421c091-6321-4d63-b8ef-de6afc030532 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:05.581483Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 19cc59b2-8cca-4f86-985d-526046c9c27c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:05.294957Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 0e8dffdb-4bed-44f8-87f8-08459f3fd4b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:04.981565Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 0b59c2d7-44eb-432a-8fba-db02ac7be1fe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:04.600110Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation e459cb11-1a6d-401a-9177-0c2851a9cdbc · outbound

This paper cites Hidden Persuaders: LLMs' Political Leaning and Their Influence on Voters.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Hidden Persuaders: LLMs' Political Leaning and Their Influence on Voters

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:02.812651Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f3d10d19-f9e7-4046-a31c-269a70413353 · outbound

This paper cites Cross-Lingual Consistency of Factual Knowledge in Multilingual Language Models.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Cross-Lingual Consistency of Factual Knowledge in Multilingual Language Models

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:02.966578Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5656442c-747a-4ba8-86c2-cd56c56eddf9 · outbound

This paper cites Political Compass or Spinning Arrow? Towards More Meaningful Evaluations for Values and Opinions in Large Language Models.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Political Compass or Spinning Arrow? Towards More Meaningful Evaluations for Values and Opinions in Large Language Models

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:03.108634Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 22362974-ec7d-42fe-a93a-2bc189742e31 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:03.259217Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a30d21d1-9d37-49e8-84ba-b8f551979222 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:03.413366Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 906c9f3d-d0ee-45ba-9eba-66a8b7f48014 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:03.623160Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e062a623-85a9-438b-9505-8cd10b0ba388 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:54:04.217597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation bcc02edf-18b9-4b1e-af7d-14d3dfdddaeb · inbound

Can AI Make Conflicts Worse? An Alignment Failure in LLM Deployment Across Conflict Contexts cites this paper.

Can AI Make Conflicts Worse? An Alignment Failure in LLM Deployment Across Conflict Contexts Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models

Reference 4

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-22T05:01:05.868912Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation b6e38282-7fc5-4e75-bb2c-bcc027315a43 · inbound

Strategic Coercion Within Alliances: The Greenland Sovereignty Game as an AI Stress Test cites this paper.

Strategic Coercion Within Alliances: The Greenland Sovereignty Game as an AI Stress Test Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T00:50:09.633023Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation d80519c2-ffce-4f16-ac89-ba9684a6118f · inbound

Unintended Effects of Geographic Conditioning in Large Language Models cites this paper.

Unintended Effects of Geographic Conditioning in Large Language Models Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T20:18:57.482912Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation dea3e3b8-8ef0-406c-9ee7-b3b300032331 · inbound

Estimating the Geopolitical Preferences of Large Language Models from United Nations Voting Data cites this paper.

Estimating the Geopolitical Preferences of Large Language Models from United Nations Voting Data Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T02:12:25.376088Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.