Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 11 of 11 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.10519.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.10519 v2

Coverage vector

measured 11 of 11 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.548536Z

measured 12 of 12 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-28T17:56:12.601903Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-06-28T18:02:27.125176Z

Reference resolution

11 of 11 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy6
unresolved1
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch2

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 65dc309d-8795-4d09-abd0-f1fa4c95fadb · outbound

This paper cites partial interference,.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach partial interference,

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.690210Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 0f9b52a3-1166-4768-bf23-60f8fe36c4e8 · outbound

This paper cites (10) 29 The Horvitz-Thompson estimator can be seen as a generalization of the sample mean.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach (10) 29 The Horvitz-Thompson estimator can be seen as a generalization of the sample mean

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.721167Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 8eb476ef-bbc7-4667-b57b-4cc5195d3f32 · outbound

This paper cites standard designs,.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach standard designs,

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.705190Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f711091c-cc12-4f97-9e63-295931398a80 · outbound

This paper cites On the two different aspects of the representative method: The method of stratified sampling and the method of purposive selection.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach On the two different aspects of the representative method: The method of stratified sampling and the method of purposive selection

Reference 1934

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.737722Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 14ed6923-c87c-462c-8d20-b7e04510a191 · outbound

This paper cites Normal approximation under local dependence.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach Normal approximation under local dependence

Reference 2004

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.751627Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation afb8737c-a337-4540-bc85-a7d239c7e90e · outbound

This paper cites Design-based Estimation Theory for Complex Experiments.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach Design-based Estimation Theory for Complex Experiments

Reference 2010

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.674952Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 30a30c2a-70b3-47c9-8ed2-7a28501eed05 · outbound

This paper cites Estimating average causal effects under general interference, with application to a social network experiment.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach Estimating average causal effects under general interference, with application to a social network experiment

Reference 2017

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.765909Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation aed1023a-33ac-4df0-b48b-215c2ca937cd · outbound

This paper cites A Unified Theory of Regression Adjustment for Design-based Inference.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach A Unified Theory of Regression Adjustment for Design-based Inference

Reference 2018

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.631934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 96d26e25-0a8d-4da3-ba83-39f0356d17ba · outbound

This paper cites Unifying Design-based Inference: A New Variance Estimation Principle.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach Unifying Design-based Inference: A New Variance Estimation Principle

Reference 2021

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.609905Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 41e43598-9f3a-4216-bad2-08821b75b4ac · outbound

This paper cites Causal Inference in Longitudinal Data under Unknown Interference.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach Causal Inference in Longitudinal Data under Unknown Interference

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.533708Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cf9fefd1-6e7a-46e9-b6c1-7215376c91bf · outbound

This paper cites Optimized variance estimation under interference and complex experimental designs.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach Optimized variance estimation under interference and complex experimental designs

Reference 2024

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.653341Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation fea0b491-a898-489c-8832-21a4cea8d729 · inbound

Notes on Randomized Controlled Trials for Studying Social Media Harms cites this paper.

Notes on Randomized Controlled Trials for Studying Social Media Harms On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach

Reference 38

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-28T18:02:27.126841Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.