pith. sign in

arxiv: 2603.27495 · v2 · pith:7DLODXUCnew · submitted 2026-03-29 · 📡 eess.SP

Jutted BMOCZ for Non-Coherent OFDM

Parker Huggins , Alphan Sahin This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-21 10:52 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 📡 eess.SP
keywords BMOCZnon-coherent OFDMblind synchronizationzero constellationpeak-to-average power ratioHuffman BMOCZcross-correlation
0
0 comments X

The pith

Hybrid J-BMOCZ waveform for OFDM supports blind synchronization and detection with message-independent peak-to-average power ratio.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper proposes jutted BMOCZ as a modified zero constellation for binary modulation on conjugate-reciprocal zeros in non-coherent OFDM. By adjusting the magnitude of selected zeros, the design creates asymmetry that removes the uniform rotation ambiguity faced by the receiver. This asymmetry supports rotation estimation through straightforward cross-correlation. A reliability metric is introduced to quantify zero stability under coefficient perturbations and is applied to select optimal magnitudes. The resulting hybrid waveform merges advantages of jutted and Huffman designs to produce a pilot-free OFDM signal with fixed peak-to-average power ratio.

Core claim

With J-BMOCZ, asymmetry is introduced to the zero constellation for Huffman BMOCZ, which removes ambiguity at the receiver under a uniform rotation of the zeros. The asymmetry is controlled by the magnitude of jutted zeros and enables the receiver to estimate zero rotation using a simple cross-correlation. The proposed method leads to a natural trade-off between asymmetry and zero stability, addressed by a reliability metric to optimize constellation parameters. Combining J-BMOCZ and Huffman BMOCZ yields a hybrid waveform for OFDM-BMOCZ that enables blind synchronization and detection while maintaining a fixed peak-to-average power ratio independent of the message.

What carries the argument

The jutted BMOCZ zero constellation, which adds controlled asymmetry through adjusted zero magnitudes to resolve rotation ambiguity via cross-correlation at the receiver.

If this is right

  • Synchronization and detection proceed without any dedicated pilot symbols.
  • The transmitted signal maintains constant peak-to-average power ratio for every possible message.
  • The scheme supports direct implementation on low-cost software-defined radios in non-coherent channels.
  • The reliability metric supplies a tunable parameter for balancing estimation accuracy against zero stability.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The asymmetry technique might extend to other conjugate-reciprocal zero modulations facing similar rotational ambiguity.
  • The reliability metric could serve as a general tool for assessing polynomial zero stability in perturbed coefficient scenarios beyond this design.
  • Hardware validation on varied radio platforms would check whether the simulated performance holds under real front-end distortions.

Load-bearing premise

The magnitude chosen for the jutted zeros produces sufficient asymmetry for reliable cross-correlation-based rotation estimation while keeping the zeros stable enough under realistic additive perturbations of the received coefficients.

What would settle it

A test measuring the fraction of rotation estimation errors from cross-correlation on signals using the optimized jutted magnitudes, under additive white Gaussian noise at typical operating SNRs; error rates exceeding a practical threshold would disprove reliable estimation.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2603.27495 by Alphan Sahin, Parker Huggins.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Proposed J-BMOCZ zero pattern for K = 8, R = 1.176, and ζ = 1.15. (a) Full zero constellation with 2K zero positions. (b) Transmitted zeros corresponding to the message b = (1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1). (c) Received zeros rotated by ϕ = (12/7)θK radians. (d) Received zeros after correcting ϕ via (24), which exactly correspond to the transmitted message. Zero rotation is problematic for Huffman BMOCZ, since any… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Example J-BMOCZ template transforms for K = 16 and R = 1.093. B. Reliability Metric for Measuring Zero Stability Zero stability is of paramount importance for BMOCZ. If the roots of the received polynomial shift significantly under additive noise perturbing the coefficients, then the receiver will struggle to identify the intended zero pattern. Such instability severely degrades performance with the DiZeT … view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: J-BMOCZ zero perturbation at Eb/N0 = 10 dB with K = 8, R = 1.176, and ζ = 1.15. The zeros are shaded according to their stability estimated via (27) as Cˆ k = Ck/N, where N = 1024. C. Optimization of Zero Constellation Parameters In this section, we attempt to answer the following question: for a given K, what are the optimal R and ζ for J-BMOCZ? On one hand, ζ should be small (i.e., ζ ≈ 1) to retain the n… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Design curves for J-BMOCZ parameter selection showing the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Proposed hybrid OFDM-BMOCZ waveform with repeated Huffman BMOCZ preamble for coarse time synchronization and CFO estimation, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: PAPR for OFDM-BMOCZ with FM. For a given triple [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Comparison of uncoded J-BMOCZ to uncoded Huffman BMOCZ for [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Comparison of coded J-BMOCZ to coded Huffman BMOCZ under [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: MSE of zero rotation estimators for J-BMOCZ and Huffman BMOCZ [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Comparison of OFDM schemes in 802.11n Channel-B. FM uses the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: SDR demonstration of the proposed hybrid waveform in Fig. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_11.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

In this work, we propose a zero constellation for binary modulation on conjugate-reciprocal zeros (BMOCZ), called jutted BMOCZ (J-BMOCZ), and study its application to non-coherent orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). With J-BMOCZ, we introduce asymmetry to the zero constellation for Huffman BMOCZ, which removes ambiguity at the receiver under a uniform rotation of the zeros. The asymmetry is controlled by the magnitude of "jutted" zeros and enables the receiver to estimate zero rotation using a simple cross-correlation. The proposed method, however, leads to a natural trade-off between asymmetry and zero stability. Accordingly, we introduce a reliability metric to measure the stability of a polynomial's zeros under an additive perturbation of the coefficients, and we apply the metric to optimize the J-BMOCZ zero constellation parameters. We then combine the advantages of J-BMOCZ and Huffman BMOCZ to design a hybrid waveform for OFDM with BMOCZ (OFDM-BMOCZ). The pilot-free waveform enables blind synchronization/detection and has a fixed peak-to-average power ratio that is independent of the message. Finally, we assess the proposed scheme through simulation and demonstrate non-coherent OFDM-BMOCZ using low-cost software-defined radios.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript proposes jutted BMOCZ (J-BMOCZ), an asymmetric zero constellation for binary modulation on conjugate-reciprocal zeros (BMOCZ), for non-coherent OFDM. Asymmetry is introduced by controlling the magnitude of jutted zeros to resolve uniform rotation ambiguity, enabling blind rotation estimation via cross-correlation at the receiver. A reliability metric is defined to quantify zero stability under additive coefficient perturbations and is used to optimize the jutted-zero magnitude, balancing the asymmetry-stability trade-off. The scheme is combined with Huffman BMOCZ into a hybrid waveform for OFDM-BMOCZ that supports pilot-free blind synchronization/detection and maintains a fixed PAPR independent of the transmitted message. Performance is assessed via simulations and a demonstration on low-cost software-defined radios.

Significance. If the reliability metric proves predictive under realistic OFDM conditions, the hybrid waveform offers a practical pilot-free, constant-PAPR solution for non-coherent detection, which is valuable for low-cost or rapidly varying channels. The explicit trade-off analysis and metric-based optimization constitute a concrete advance over prior BMOCZ work. The SDR implementation provides useful empirical grounding beyond simulations.

major comments (1)
  1. [Reliability metric and parameter optimization] The reliability metric is constructed from additive perturbations to the polynomial coefficients (as described in the section introducing the metric). However, the received OFDM signal is formed by channel convolution followed by FFT demodulation and additive noise, producing effective perturbations that include multiplicative fading and colored noise. No explicit verification is provided that the magnitude optimized under the additive model yields sufficient asymmetry for reliable cross-correlation rotation estimation or keeps zeros stable in the full receiver chain; this directly affects the central blind-synchronization claim.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract mentions simulation results but does not indicate whether error bars or multiple channel realizations are reported; adding this detail would strengthen the performance claims.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We are grateful to the referee for the encouraging summary and for highlighting the potential practical value of the hybrid waveform. We respond to the major comment as follows.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Reliability metric and parameter optimization] The reliability metric is constructed from additive perturbations to the polynomial coefficients (as described in the section introducing the metric). However, the received OFDM signal is formed by channel convolution followed by FFT demodulation and additive noise, producing effective perturbations that include multiplicative fading and colored noise. No explicit verification is provided that the magnitude optimized under the additive model yields sufficient asymmetry for reliable cross-correlation rotation estimation or keeps zeros stable in the full receiver chain; this directly affects the central blind-synchronization claim.

    Authors: The referee correctly notes that our reliability metric is derived under an additive perturbation model of the polynomial coefficients. This choice was made to enable a tractable analytical optimization of the jutted-zero magnitude that balances the introduced asymmetry against zero stability. We recognize that the actual perturbations in the OFDM receiver arise from multiplicative channel effects and colored noise after FFT. However, the manuscript validates the chosen parameter through extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the complete non-coherent OFDM-BMOCZ receiver chain, which incorporate realistic channel convolution, FFT processing, and noise. These results show that the optimized magnitude supports reliable rotation estimation via cross-correlation and maintains zero stability sufficient for the claimed blind synchronization. The SDR hardware demonstration further corroborates performance in a real propagation environment. To directly address the concern, in the revised manuscript we will include an additional analysis or figure that explicitly evaluates the cross-correlation reliability and zero stability using the full receiver model for the optimized jutted magnitude, thereby providing the requested verification. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; derivation chain is self-contained

full rationale

The paper introduces asymmetry via jutted zeros in the BMOCZ constellation, defines a reliability metric quantifying zero displacement under additive coefficient perturbations, optimizes the jutted magnitude with that metric to balance the asymmetry-stability trade-off, and then constructs a hybrid OFDM waveform whose fixed-PAPR and blind cross-correlation rotation estimation follow directly from the chosen asymmetry. These steps constitute a standard design procedure with an independent stability model and subsequent simulation validation; no equation reduces a claimed prediction to a fitted parameter by construction, no load-bearing premise rests solely on overlapping-author citations, and the central claims (blind synchronization, message-independent PAPR) are not tautological with the optimization inputs.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 1 axioms · 2 invented entities

The central claim rests on the new reliability metric, the jutted-zero magnitude parameter, and the domain assumption that rotational ambiguity exists in standard BMOCZ.

free parameters (1)
  • magnitude of jutted zeros
    Controls the degree of asymmetry introduced into the zero constellation and is selected by optimizing the reliability metric.
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Uniform rotation of all zeros creates an irresolvable ambiguity at the receiver for standard Huffman BMOCZ
    This premise is invoked to motivate the introduction of asymmetry via jutted zeros.
invented entities (2)
  • Jutted zeros no independent evidence
    purpose: Introduce controlled asymmetry into the zero constellation to enable rotation estimation via cross-correlation
    Newly postulated modification of the zero placement without independent external evidence cited.
  • Reliability metric no independent evidence
    purpose: Quantify zero stability under additive coefficient perturbations to guide parameter choice
    Newly defined quantity whose precise mathematical form is not given in the abstract.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5759 in / 1481 out tokens · 73752 ms · 2026-05-21T10:52:05.851304+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

What do these tags mean?
matches
The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports
The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends
The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses
The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts
The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear
Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

44 extracted references · 44 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Fourier-domain CFO estimation using jutted binary modulation on conjugate-reciprocal zeros,

    P. Huggins, A. J. Perre, and A. S ¸ahin, “Fourier-domain CFO estimation using jutted binary modulation on conjugate-reciprocal zeros,” inProc. IEEE Int. Symp. Pers., Indoor Mob. Radio Commun. (PIMRC), 2025, pp. 1–6

    work page 2025

  2. [2]

    3GPP TSG-RAN WG4 Meeting #116bis,

    3GPP, “3GPP TSG-RAN WG4 Meeting #116bis,” 3GPP RAN Working Group 4 (RAN4), Technical Report R1-2506550, 2025

    work page 2025

  3. [3]

    3GPP TSG-RAN WG4 Meeting #116bis,

    ——, “3GPP TSG-RAN WG4 Meeting #116bis,” 3GPP RAN Working Group 4 (RAN4), Technical Report R1-2506595, 2025

    work page 2025

  4. [4]

    Noncoherent OFDM-IM and its performance analysis,

    J. Choi, “Noncoherent OFDM-IM and its performance analysis,”IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 352–360, 2017

    work page 2017

  5. [5]

    An optimized SLM for PAPR reduction in non-coherent OFDM-IM,

    S. Gopi and S. Kalyani, “An optimized SLM for PAPR reduction in non-coherent OFDM-IM,”IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 967–971, 2020

    work page 2020

  6. [6]

    Code design for non-coherent index modulation,

    A. Fazeli and H. H. Nguyen, “Code design for non-coherent index modulation,”IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 477–481, 2019

    work page 2019

  7. [7]

    Generalized OFDM-IM with noncoherent detection,

    A. Fazeli, H. H. Nguyen, and M. Hanif, “Generalized OFDM-IM with noncoherent detection,”IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 4464–4479, 2020

    work page 2020

  8. [8]

    Non-coherent massive MIMO- OFDM down-link based on differential modulation,

    K. Chen-Hu, Y . Liu, and A. G. Armada, “Non-coherent massive MIMO- OFDM down-link based on differential modulation,”IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 11 281–11 294, 2020

    work page 2020

  9. [9]

    Deep energy autoencoder for noncoherent multicarrier MU-SIMO systems,

    T. Van Luong, Y . Ko, N. A. Vien, M. Matthaiou, and H. Q. Ngo, “Deep energy autoencoder for noncoherent multicarrier MU-SIMO systems,” IEEE Trans. on Wireless Commun., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 3952–3962, 2020

    work page 2020

  10. [10]

    Joint energy and correlation detection assisted non-coherent OFDM-DCSK system for underwater acoustic communications,

    X. Cai, W. Xu, L. Wang, and G. Kaddoum, “Joint energy and correlation detection assisted non-coherent OFDM-DCSK system for underwater acoustic communications,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 3742–3759, 2022

    work page 2022

  11. [11]

    Short-message communication and FIR system identification using Huffman sequences,

    P. Walk, P. Jung, and B. Hassibi, “Short-message communication and FIR system identification using Huffman sequences,” inProc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT), 2017, pp. 968–972

    work page 2017

  12. [12]

    MOCZ for blind short-packet communication: Basic principles,

    ——, “MOCZ for blind short-packet communication: Basic principles,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 5080–5097, 2019

    work page 2019

  13. [13]

    The generation of impulse-equivalent pulse trains,

    D. Huffman, “The generation of impulse-equivalent pulse trains,”IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 10–16, 1962

    work page 1962

  14. [14]

    MOCZ for blind short-packet communication: Practical aspects,

    P. Walk, P. Jung, B. Hassibi, and H. Jafarkhani, “MOCZ for blind short-packet communication: Practical aspects,”IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 6675–6692, 2020

    work page 2020

  15. [15]

    Multi-user MOCZ for mobile machine type com- munications,

    P. Walk and W. Xiao, “Multi-user MOCZ for mobile machine type com- munications,” inProc. IEEE Wireless Commun. Netw. Conf. (WCNC), 2021, pp. 1–6

    work page 2021

  16. [16]

    Non-coherent short-packet communications: Novel z-domain user multiplexing,

    T. Eren, “Non-coherent short-packet communications: Novel z-domain user multiplexing,”Digital Signal Process., vol. 156, p. 104777, 2025

    work page 2025

  17. [17]

    Spectrally- efficient modulation on conjugate-reciprocal zeros (SE-MOCZ) for non- coherent short packet communications,

    A. A. Siddiqui, E. Bedeer, H. H. Nguyen, and R. Barton, “Spectrally- efficient modulation on conjugate-reciprocal zeros (SE-MOCZ) for non- coherent short packet communications,”IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 2023

    work page 2023

  18. [18]

    Over-the-air majority vote computation with modulation on conjugate-reciprocal zeros,

    A. S ¸ahin, “Over-the-air majority vote computation with modulation on conjugate-reciprocal zeros,”IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 17 714–17 726, 2024

    work page 2024

  19. [19]

    Noncoherent SIMO transmission via MOCZ for short packet-based machine-type commu- nications in frequency-selective fading environments,

    Y . Sun, Y . Zhang, G. Dou, Y . Lu, and Y . Song, “Noncoherent SIMO transmission via MOCZ for short packet-based machine-type commu- nications in frequency-selective fading environments,”IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 1544–1550, 2023

    work page 2023

  20. [20]

    Binary MOCZ with soft decoding,

    M. Ott and S. Pfletschinger, “Binary MOCZ with soft decoding,” in Proc. 28th Int. Workshop Smart Antennas (WSA), 2025, pp. 288–294

    work page 2025

  21. [21]

    On the optimal radius and subcarrier mapping for binary modulation on conjugate-reciprocal zeros,

    P. Huggins and A. S ¸ahin, “On the optimal radius and subcarrier mapping for binary modulation on conjugate-reciprocal zeros,” inProc. IEEE Mil. Commun. Conf. (MILCOM), 2024, pp. 1–6

    work page 2024

  22. [22]

    Alternative zero codebooks for MOCZ with reduced PAPR,

    B. Sasidharan, E. Viterbo, and Y . Hong, “Alternative zero codebooks for MOCZ with reduced PAPR,”IEEE Commun. Lett., 2024

    work page 2024

  23. [23]

    New integer normalized carrier frequency offset estimators,

    Q. Zhan and H. Minn, “New integer normalized carrier frequency offset estimators,”IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 63, no. 14, pp. 3657–3670, 2015

    work page 2015

  24. [24]

    Exact signal model and new carrier fre- quency offset compensation scheme for OFDM,

    B. Xie, W. Qiu, and H. Minn, “Exact signal model and new carrier fre- quency offset compensation scheme for OFDM,”IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 550–555, 2011

    work page 2011

  25. [25]

    Dahlman, S

    E. Dahlman, S. Parkvall, and J. Skold,5G NR: The Next Generation Wireless Access Technology. Academic Press, 2020

    work page 2020

  26. [26]

    Robust frequency and timing synchro- nization for OFDM,

    T. M. Schmidl and D. C. Cox, “Robust frequency and timing synchro- nization for OFDM,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 1613– 1621, 1997

    work page 1997

  27. [27]

    A technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplex- ing frequency offset correction,

    P. H. Moose, “A technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplex- ing frequency offset correction,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 2908–2914, 1994

    work page 1994

  28. [28]

    The design of Huffman sequences,

    M. H. Ackroyd, “The design of Huffman sequences,”IEEE Trans. Aerosp. and Electron. Syst., no. 6, pp. 790–796, 1970

    work page 1970

  29. [29]

    Integrated sensing and communication with MOCZ waveform,

    S. K. Dehkordi, P. Jung, P. Walk, D. Wieruch, K. Heuermann, and G. Caire, “Integrated sensing and communication with MOCZ waveform,” 2023, arXiv:2307.01760. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv. org/abs/2307.01760

    work page arXiv 2023

  30. [30]

    Timing recovery for OFDM transmission,

    B. Yang, K. B. Letaief, R. S. Cheng, and Z. Cao, “Timing recovery for OFDM transmission,”IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 2278–2291, 2000

    work page 2000

  31. [31]

    Time-variant distortions in OFDM,

    B. Stantchev and G. Fettweis, “Time-variant distortions in OFDM,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 312–314, 2002

    work page 2002

  32. [32]

    Joint clock and frequency synchronization for OFDM-based cellular systems,

    H. Lee and J. Lee, “Joint clock and frequency synchronization for OFDM-based cellular systems,”IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 757–760, 2011

    work page 2011

  33. [33]

    Root neighborhoods, generalized lem- niscates, and robust stability of dynamic systems,

    R. T. Farouki and C. Y . Han, “Root neighborhoods, generalized lem- niscates, and robust stability of dynamic systems,”Applicable Algebra Eng., Commun. Comput., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 169–189, 2007

    work page 2007

  34. [34]

    Marden,Geometry of Polynomials

    M. Marden,Geometry of Polynomials. Providince, RI, USA: American Mathematical Soc., 1949

    work page 1949

  35. [35]

    Tse and P

    D. Tse and P. Viswanath,Fundamentals of Wireless Communication. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005

    work page 2005

  36. [36]

    The perfidious polynomial,

    J. H. Wilkinson, “The perfidious polynomial,”Studies in Numerical Analysis, vol. 24, pp. 1–28, 1984

    work page 1984

  37. [37]

    Learning zero constellations for binary MOCZ in fading channels,

    A. J. Perre, P. Huggins, and A. S ¸ahin, “Learning zero constellations for binary MOCZ in fading channels,” inProc. IEEE Int. Symp. Pers., Indoor Mob. Radio Commun. Workshops (PIMRC WRKSHP), 2025, pp. 1–6

    work page 2025

  38. [38]

    A new symbol timing recovery algorithm for OFDM systems,

    D. Lee and K. Cheun, “A new symbol timing recovery algorithm for OFDM systems,”IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 767–775, 1997

    work page 1997

  39. [39]

    A robust timing and frequency synchronization for OFDM systems,

    H. Minn, V . K. Bhargava, and K. B. Letaief, “A robust timing and frequency synchronization for OFDM systems,”IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 822–839, 2003

    work page 2003

  40. [40]

    Toward a unified theory of modulation part I: Phase- envelope relationships,

    H. B. V oelcker, “Toward a unified theory of modulation part I: Phase- envelope relationships,”Proc. IEEE, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 340–353, 1966

    work page 1966

  41. [41]

    Toward a unified theory of modulation—Part II: Zero manipula- tion,

    ——, “Toward a unified theory of modulation—Part II: Zero manipula- tion,”Proc. IEEE, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 735–755, 1966

    work page 1966

  42. [42]

    IEEE 802.11-03/940r4: TGn channel models,

    V . Erceg, L. Schumacher, P. Kyritsi, A. Molisch, D. Baum, A. Gorokhov et al., “IEEE 802.11-03/940r4: TGn channel models,” 2004

    work page 2004

  43. [43]

    Space-time-frequency coded OFDM over frequency-selective fading channels,

    Z. Liu, Y . Xin, and G. B. Giannakis, “Space-time-frequency coded OFDM over frequency-selective fading channels,”IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 2465–2476, 2002

    work page 2002

  44. [44]

    AD9363 RF agile transceiver,

    Analog Devices, “AD9363 RF agile transceiver,” 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/ data-sheets/AD9363.pdf

    work page 2025