Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters

As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 25 of 25 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.14479.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.14479 v1

Coverage vector

measured 25 of 25 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.360844Z

measured 25 of 25 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

25 of 25 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy19
unresolved6
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation ae8fec54-416c-472a-9296-3ef9ed2cddd7 · outbound

This paper cites Alpa: Automating inter-and Intra-Operator par- allelism for distributed deep learning.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Alpa: Automating inter-and Intra-Operator par- allelism for distributed deep learning

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.675392Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation c403b99b-39ab-4437-8ef8-06ddaa2e0cc6 · outbound

This paper cites Pollux: Co-adaptive cluster scheduling for goodput- optimized deep learning.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Pollux: Co-adaptive cluster scheduling for goodput- optimized deep learning

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.663170Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 8035032e-9600-4800-a0ef-3f0b1eea707f · outbound

This paper cites Gandiva: Introspective cluster scheduling for deep learning.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Gandiva: Introspective cluster scheduling for deep learning

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.651979Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a80d7ffb-9629-4a90-a674-366278c2eb46 · outbound

This paper cites MLaaS in the wild: Workload analysis and scheduling in Large-Scale heterogeneous GPU clusters.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters MLaaS in the wild: Workload analysis and scheduling in Large-Scale heterogeneous GPU clusters

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.641505Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 2da4bed1-e040-4f41-890d-10a98183a836 · outbound

This paper cites Analysis of Large-ScaleMulti-TenantGPU clus- ters for DNN training workloads.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Analysis of Large-ScaleMulti-TenantGPU clus- ters for DNN training workloads

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.630128Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 0d2d79c3-42cb-4aee-b1c3-1684cb3880b2 · outbound

This paper cites Heterogeneity-Aware cluster scheduling policies for deep learning workloads.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Heterogeneity-Aware cluster scheduling policies for deep learning workloads

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.619249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation e5a7d26c-d720-453c-ae0a-6c385f570e53 · outbound

This paper cites Metis: Fast Automatic Distributed Training on Heterogeneous GPUs.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Metis: Fast Automatic Distributed Training on Heterogeneous GPUs

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.607942Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation c02e8192-5b43-4cbc-a9db-4cab68159044 · outbound

This paper cites Sia: Heterogeneity-aware, goodput- optimized ML-cluster scheduling.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Sia: Heterogeneity-aware, goodput- optimized ML-cluster scheduling

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.596700Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 65b0f783-c6a5-4224-8aa2-0c9c3620c7c3 · outbound

This paper cites ElasticFlow: An elastic serverless training platform for distributed deep learning.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters ElasticFlow: An elastic serverless training platform for distributed deep learning

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.585497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 428f75cc-f0ca-4e76-8ddb-6a0a2f893fe4 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.299418Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4b4829ac-187e-4b1e-bc5d-3b39945cd146 · outbound

This paper cites SeamlessM4T: Massively Multilingual & Multimodal Machine Translation.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters SeamlessM4T: Massively Multilingual & Multimodal Machine Translation

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.303352Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f2b4cfa1-5d4a-487f-8e8f-80ed16d823fb · outbound

This paper cites NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.573911Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 63669b9e-9d4e-40e5-b3be-020cf39746ae · outbound

This paper cites NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.561048Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 043e9fc0-7ce2-491d-92c7-2f32d50692b5 · outbound

This paper cites Zero: Memory optimizations toward training trillion parameter models.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Zero: Memory optimizations toward training trillion parameter models

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.549763Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 84b7da39-eb1c-485d-a337-cd5d4fa2b496 · outbound

This paper cites Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.321022Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3302a074-504f-4a7c-8cba-3081449a6095 · outbound

This paper cites Mixed Precision Training.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Mixed Precision Training

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.325560Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 94f5bc3a-f873-46d3-9abb-8430b8ab502d · outbound

This paper cites Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.329757Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c92feb96-0c8d-4aba-b4a8-e3a9372cd2ba · outbound

This paper cites Large-scale machine learning with stochastic gradient de- scent.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Large-scale machine learning with stochastic gradient de- scent

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.539192Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation e82ce945-7301-479d-981d-7e4d0c65ac9c · outbound

This paper cites Reducing activation recomputation in large transformer models.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Reducing activation recomputation in large transformer models

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.526701Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 302bf02f-c96d-4e00-8a0f-16147af2ee00 · outbound

This paper cites Characterization and prediction of deep learning workloads in large-scale gpu datacenters.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Characterization and prediction of deep learning workloads in large-scale gpu datacenters

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.513779Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 329a1a4f-77aa-4c03-8930-23642ec62a6f · outbound

This paper cites Language models are unsupervised multitask learners.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Language models are unsupervised multitask learners

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.501211Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation ef51dec7-b53e-4bc1-a763-65a4b95f699c · outbound

This paper cites Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.490012Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 2710d09d-b12b-4235-b658-9a1755ba129f · outbound

This paper cites Lyra: Elastic scheduling for deep learning clusters[C]//Proceedings of the Eighteenth European Conference on Computer Systems.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Lyra: Elastic scheduling for deep learning clusters[C]//Proceedings of the Eighteenth European Conference on Computer Systems

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.477812Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation bbb16645-0ea6-42b1-a28f-1be799a4d9db · outbound

This paper cites Using DeepSpeed and Megatron to Train Megatron-Turing NLG 530B, A Large-Scale Generative Language Model.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Using DeepSpeed and Megatron to Train Megatron-Turing NLG 530B, A Large-Scale Generative Language Model

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.357050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aff5d7bb-bb1e-4d0f-9267-d9b8751965dc · outbound

This paper cites Alibaba clusterdata.

Frenzy: A Memory-Aware Serverless LLM Training System for Heterogeneous GPU Clusters Alibaba clusterdata

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:55.464749Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.