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arxiv: physics/0504016 · v1 · pith:AZ5JIYVNnew · submitted 2005-04-02 · ⚛️ physics.ed-ph · physics.gen-ph

Hamilton's principle: why is the integrated difference of kinetic and potential energy minimized?

classification ⚛️ physics.ed-ph physics.gen-ph
keywords principlestringenergyhamiltonpotentialanswerconfigurationdictated
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I present an intuitive answer to an often asked question: why is the integrated difference K-U between the kinetic and potential energy the quantity to be minimized in Hamilton's principle? Using elementary arguments, I map the problem of finding the path of a moving particle connecting two points to that of finding the minimum potential energy of a static string. The mapping implies that the configuration of a non--stretchable string of variable tension corresponds to the spatial path dictated by the Principle of Least Action; that of a stretchable string in space-time is the one dictated by Hamilton's principle. This correspondence provides the answer to the question above: while a downward force curves the trajectory of a particle in the (x,t) plane downward, an upward force of the same magnitude stretches the string to the same configuration x(t).

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