Universal Sets for Projections

We investigate variants of Marstrand's projection theorem that hold for sets of directions and classes of sets in $\mathbb{R}^2$. We say that a set of directions $D \subseteq\mathcal{S}^1$ is $\textit{universal}$ for a class of sets if, for every set $E$ in the class, there is a direction $e\in D$ such that the projection of $E$ in the direction $e$ has maximal Hausdorff dimension. We construct small universal sets for certain classes. Particular attention is paid to the role of regularity. We prove the existence of universal sets with arbitrarily small positive Hausdorff dimension for the class of weakly regular sets. We prove that there is a universal set of zero Hausdorff dimension for the class of AD-regular sets.