Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 55 of 55 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.03652.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
1908.03652 v2

Coverage vector

measured 55 of 55 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.738413Z

measured 55 of 55 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

55 of 55 outbound references displayed

verified exact4
verified fuzzy11
unresolved39
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 8a616d7a-ee72-4e66-a35b-de99e63ff58c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.479747Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4d0598b5-421a-4776-820a-b26ac3baf0b9 · outbound

This paper cites and Chen, X.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables and Chen, X

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.484999Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e3ec3722-fa98-42d6-82a7-1a20680734be · outbound

This paper cites D., Imbens, G.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables D., Imbens, G

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.489630Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f8ee644c-44fb-4355-ac72-1fa07944f974 · outbound

This paper cites and Imbens, G.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables and Imbens, G

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.494680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 344eaaaa-2345-4f45-940b-0a6bb12b977d · outbound

This paper cites Recursive Partitioning for Heterogeneous Causal Effects.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Recursive Partitioning for Heterogeneous Causal Effects

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.866939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 97d8c3f0-1939-4a32-a577-138a8fe53391 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.509552Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 68f92b9c-5e7c-40ab-9d2f-e7c4aca85091 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.494107Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 05390bc9-fc0f-4181-b146-abf9b119b4dc · outbound

This paper cites S., Lorch, S., and Rosenbaum, P.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables S., Lorch, S., and Rosenbaum, P

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.515360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 58321f23-0057-4d30-87db-1dd902909686 · outbound

This paper cites and Pearl, J.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables and Pearl, J

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.519736Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9dbff382-9679-41bf-beba-760c575b7381 · outbound

This paper cites Heterogeneous causal effects with imperfect compliance: a Bayesian machine learning approach.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Heterogeneous causal effects with imperfect compliance: a Bayesian machine learning approach

Reference 10

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.846482Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 6aab1072-f573-462a-9545-c74041bf3496 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.458088Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 04981455-ac60-488a-a640-b8c78d2ca120 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.443131Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 3780a4b8-e6bb-4231-81d4-cd851b0188ac · outbound

This paper cites and Powell, J.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables and Powell, J

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.428002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation d9cfc80e-3229-49f2-a6fa-831c80a6095f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.412162Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation a0509cdd-20f0-45c9-bb25-f6d747b9e847 · outbound

This paper cites and Pouzo, D.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables and Pouzo, D

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.548491Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e1b70dd0-a2cd-46ec-a033-df383ccf6462 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.386914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 3c89396d-4b9f-45c8-bd89-c3c2dadf2a59 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.557315Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 89710cd0-347c-4e40-9afe-f932164845bf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.561855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 04b63f38-6445-4f6c-bad7-1f928b96133a · outbound

This paper cites P., Allen, H., Baicker, K., and Group, O.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables P., Allen, H., Baicker, K., and Group, O

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.352768Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 36241984-ccf1-42c6-b261-bc8c91088da9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.571010Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1215cf52-da9e-4846-9a55-a82e470788d8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.328682Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 3b3a22d7-19cb-4414-b5fc-10ea87f8af51 · outbound

This paper cites B., Lee, K., Kelz, R.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables B., Lee, K., Kelz, R

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.313194Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 1189b8fe-6e3a-439e-bde7-3e4bcf63bcf8 · outbound

This paper cites Bayesian regression tree models for causal inference: regularization, confounding, and heterogeneous effects.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Bayesian regression tree models for causal inference: regularization, confounding, and heterogeneous effects

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.825489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 7e0cc287-893c-4e87-adb5-1a0f66ef1223 · outbound

This paper cites and Horowitz, J.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables and Horowitz, J

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.298177Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation df946b38-2fe7-42c4-a5f7-669c1e6e3f89 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.282941Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 9c93f770-90f5-4ad2-aa92-3d851874c595 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.599030Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c846d78d-dcf4-4ca6-a298-e36122670e46 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.257944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 045b5e5f-30ab-4114-9830-5957a418877c · outbound

This paper cites Y., Small, D.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Y., Small, D

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.243223Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 74288f1a-7b67-471f-bfa1-60e7ab0e5034 · outbound

This paper cites Y., Zubizarreta, J.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Y., Zubizarreta, J

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.228383Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 78961e14-dfa0-4397-a3d0-a5581d606647 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.213074Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation a03e55bc-0fc3-4aa1-88df-8319b9c5d8e3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.195884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation ac2ae8b2-4e70-43d8-9b19-5acd62ea05a4 · outbound

This paper cites S., et al.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables S., et al

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.180069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 7d6facb8-2ad2-4a5a-ac4c-00fe33c3e9c0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.164719Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation e73ba061-62dc-4856-b019-0bf7debb66c1 · outbound

This paper cites Discovering Effect Modification and Randomization Inference in Air Pollution Studies.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Discovering Effect Modification and Randomization Inference in Air Pollution Studies

Reference 34

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.804146Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 9f402ba7-c6f4-4e81-8e94-200d7decfae7 · outbound

This paper cites S., Hsu, J.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables S., Hsu, J

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.149676Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 559a9211-bda1-4492-911a-4d5932ca8901 · outbound

This paper cites S., and Rosenbaum, P.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables S., and Rosenbaum, P

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.134836Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 962a9f96-24b0-413b-8cd1-f8623cc08afe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.652743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 553969bd-a82c-4adc-a5b9-88612d6f7e78 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.657373Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ffd4063f-bf2e-4510-8398-eef6171e2cb0 · outbound

This paper cites A Groupwise Approach for Inferring Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Causal Inference.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables A Groupwise Approach for Inferring Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Causal Inference

Reference 39

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.782459Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 588bc7da-57bb-4cad-bd36-e7dbf9c4174f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.100311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 4b5c8f0f-686e-47d3-86e8-d89c5f3dda6f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.084293Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation cafb7170-2dac-4c22-a40f-a72fd6c940ed · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.068974Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation b7b7714d-1c09-462e-8b6a-19edb720cbf9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.052892Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation aa2a8057-0b32-4e8e-aa87-462b092b973d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.685728Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation de698460-4d93-48d3-bf94-f0e471e36312 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.027115Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 50f4b357-e12f-4bb6-acf3-e04efdf33456 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:58.011398Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation f9a14360-73cb-486c-bc82-5f51df235916 · outbound

This paper cites H., Wright, J.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables H., Wright, J

Reference 47

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.995866Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation c32c26c1-b1a8-491c-aa93-80f43d6ad58b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.704184Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7bcbbd03-dd0f-4567-9bd5-34bceb320bd7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.968863Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation c0753628-c9c7-404d-9902-b370e0889354 · outbound

This paper cites M., and Li, B.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables M., and Li, B

Reference 50

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.953998Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation d84e32d1-059f-4703-a4f6-0f111b221120 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.938293Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 486c00b9-df52-4bd1-9b91-ed6113d77f2e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.923140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 79279936-328c-484a-9353-1402ee98ca76 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 53

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.908690Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 6e12b050-2182-484e-9c7a-db17cbe192dc · outbound

This paper cites and Athey, S.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables and Athey, S

Reference 54

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.733496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fe911f68-df4c-43dc-b67a-e8776b17148a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:12:57.882931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.