The lower bound property of the Morley element eigenvalues

In this paper, we prove that the Morley element eigenvalues approximate the exact ones from below on regular meshes, including adaptive local refined meshes, for the fourth-order elliptic eigenvalue problems with the clamped boundary condition in any dimension. And we implement the adaptive computation to obtain lower bounds of the Morley element eigenvalues for the vibration problem of clamped plate under tension.