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The 21-cm forest as a simultaneous probe of dark matter and cosmic heating history
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The absorption features in spectra of high-redshift background radio sources, caused by hyperfine structure lines of hydrogen atoms in the intervening structures, are known collectively as the 21-cm forest. They provide a unique probe of small-scale structures during the epoch of reionization, and can be used to constrain the properties of the dark matter (DM) thought to govern small-scale structure formation. However, the signals are easily suppressed by heating processes that are degenerate with a warm DM model. Here we propose a probe of both the DM particle mass and the heating history of the Universe, using the one-dimensional power spectrum of the 21-cm forest. The one-dimensional power spectrum measurement not only breaks the DM model degeneracy but also increases the sensitivity, making the probe actually feasible. Making 21-cm forest observations with the upcoming Square Kilometre Array has the potential to simultaneously determine both the DM particle mass and the heating level in the early Universe, shedding light on the nature of DM and the first galaxies.
Forward citations
Cited by 5 Pith papers
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Prospects for measuring neutrino mass with 21-cm forest
Using an analytic halo model, the authors forecast that 21-cm forest observations with SKA-LOW could constrain the total neutrino mass to about 0.1 eV, potentially distinguishing neutrino mass hierarchies.
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Probing initial isocurvature perturbation with 21cm one-point statistics
A Fisher forecast from 21cmFAST simulations shows 21cm variance can constrain the CDM isocurvature fraction to about 3e-4 with SKA, while skewness is an order of magnitude weaker.
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Configuration Requirements for 21-cm Forest Background Quasar Searches with the Moon-based Interferometer
A Moon-based radio array with roughly SKA-like collecting area could detect enough high-redshift radio-loud quasars at z≈10 to enable 21-cm forest studies, while smaller arrays reach only z≈5-6.
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Prospects for probing dark matter particles and primordial black holes with the Hongmeng mission using the 21 cm global spectrum at cosmic dawn
A Fisher-matrix forecast finds the Hongmeng 21 cm global spectrum mission could probe DM annihilation cross sections down to ~1e-28 cm3/s, decay lifetimes to ~1e28 s, and PBH abundances to f_PBH ~ 1e-6, under ideal no...
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Analytical modeling of the one-dimensional power spectrum of 21-cm forest based on a halo model method
A halo-model formula for the 1D power spectrum of the 21-cm forest is presented and shown to match small-scale simulations built from the same gas and temperature assumptions.
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