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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 31 of 31 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.04194.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.04194 v2

Coverage vector

measured 31 of 31 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:03.982632Z

measured 33 of 33 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-14T19:23:23.253884Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

31 of 31 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy11
  • unresolved20
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

1
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

Observation c2ee43b6-284f-4b97-861c-3483f0e9d869 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.209993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.903360Z digest=sha256:cb381cadaf88454177627657cff1c915d39c881a7b80db5d0cddfa413cf20543

Observation b81855d3-07ea-42a4-989f-7e8f9211385b · outbound

This paper cites Condition 2 (Structure of Class D ).

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Condition 2 (Structure of Class D )

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.203441Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.907061Z digest=sha256:fbca1a59f6a39b471d4606f6841b7f350dfc69b838e1d7bb612f0c2d9fa766e2

Observation d7085cce-df04-4028-aef1-498735d0d3e1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.196944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.909695Z digest=sha256:8c156220043f3382a6584fcd15875d068df9514ee8c47f3bfa70243c2bdb472f

Observation ee124ed9-ee36-4a02-9586-8aacd477b976 · outbound

This paper cites Proof of Theorem 4.3.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Proof of Theorem 4.3

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.190489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.912350Z digest=sha256:ffe44c52f4f6686cc53c80fff741d8eab0e98bb1477f89bdf9239496aa0f5a4a

Observation 8ff2de0f-053c-4761-b2a4-882954d793f5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.184061Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.915554Z digest=sha256:261a434a5aad36d8e76702c2f91cf471b5b91b2ca543fb1198c52d586356f677

Observation ae8d8ff9-446b-4ac4-9c8e-63278c605bfd · outbound

This paper cites Condition 3 (Structure of Class D ).

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Condition 3 (Structure of Class D )

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.177683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.919752Z digest=sha256:c47b6200a2363adc370d0e82dfaa491ba269c788e8731cc743e770951ba7d79e

Observation 1c46b007-0479-405b-afc1-e8fef174c18d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.171044Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.923024Z digest=sha256:8cbb6561fbaed0d82cebd4c4742bf709a32f80eee9a76720ec5ebeb3ff8ec1b2

Observation 36617ba2-4632-4286-a57c-b74d2e223b56 · outbound

This paper cites Proof of Theorem 4.5.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Proof of Theorem 4.5

Reference 8

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.164202Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.925344Z digest=sha256:7376e735a367318d5094391d6235058e0befb6ccaa0c5ee8af5c81e60841dac8

Observation fe8afe66-a906-4c7a-8f95-b3dea539e002 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.156404Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.927898Z digest=sha256:e3fbab0f69ad8ca93962826a7e8ffaf4b35ba0b437e0e636539bd4b43a6e0e51

Observation 694c9897-760b-432f-82af-8a9da69b83ac · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.149175Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.930691Z digest=sha256:44a71f4603a536ffcc31e12c07b2d038a3f2695b3c2bc3ad8cc3545fc9d870cb

Observation 58ee3ba1-a6db-464d-9208-0ddd7bb3467b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.141866Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.932883Z digest=sha256:b19ca281459cbc45ef2440e5585979815e11b5bbd450dba56281e9924f20220f

Observation fffc4f68-c5e9-44b9-aaf6-3d6c9a1b444a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.134144Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.935346Z digest=sha256:ae49f82f40ea678b1589e418d0ad604d56ef729be286fe372c7b79df51305c2f

Observation 17a49405-21c8-4ece-ab4e-4f4a52fc47f6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.127492Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.937833Z digest=sha256:e10115a8a6612f51822b927cfea3160b95aafcbf238d08318829625b1917d8be

Observation c92e63fe-f791-4899-819a-c8c860c63c58 · outbound

This paper cites 21Distribution P is said to beσ-smooth with respect toµ if its probability density functionp satisfies p(·) ≤ (1/σ) · µ(·).

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness 21Distribution P is said to beσ-smooth with respect toµ if its probability density functionp satisfies p(·) ≤ (1/σ) · µ(·)

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.120841Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.940369Z digest=sha256:4ab0c610951f016b231430569c48c8a6c94fa9cff9b0e0687b9271c30376d08e

Observation 58ae4741-54c0-4480-9448-f660cf38490d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.114273Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.942855Z digest=sha256:5b4ece3c7c49de49cc118115b3527736db04b584ef1ae51913164c1f286f1da3

Observation cf7fbdc7-fca1-47d9-9e43-cb233d5659a7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.107682Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.945332Z digest=sha256:dac69905196e8a128fa18fc5b4b883c3a77dbd19c2d27af389b82ed4eca61b81

Observation c7ea582d-daa0-4dd6-b114-4fa18599a27a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.101288Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.947668Z digest=sha256:7fc0136694b7827d048d7455c5b0069cd4ee448899297c806bfbf0bfe3255c3e

Observation 9560375e-1870-4f52-b0a7-0c06ffc5b49b · outbound

This paper cites There is an algorithm that, given n i.i.d.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness There is an algorithm that, given n i.i.d

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.094738Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.950078Z digest=sha256:9452ad9a6ffb5f318646dd31fa2e470727e335318c868a6e4d5fb375023d5f31

Observation a06fb84a-e315-44ff-8da9-af777d240d4a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.088140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.952677Z digest=sha256:5d41d65a1b5ee5e6ebd445b5adcc3b78fd3075551b8568d1084e6a1f8568d34d

Observation bec65af2-9337-4289-a2b6-f06803f48ed3 · outbound

This paper cites (42) The claim is that E(x,y)∼P′ [y] is O(√ε)-close to ED[Y(1)].

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness (42) The claim is that E(x,y)∼P′ [y] is O(√ε)-close to ED[Y(1)]

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.081852Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.955131Z digest=sha256:d9ea5b8f5f317476ef151513464671d91e4227fe6dce4d2b26ea0bac4af134c7

Observation 8ddb2f3c-8db3-4852-b703-dd9a1568c99b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.075240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.957617Z digest=sha256:02a65a617bea5121f2022c211b12814afcddddfa44ef493d303aed680fa4daed

Observation e3440de6-13ac-4c94-b0c2-f04515ac44ae · outbound

This paper cites Proof of Lemma 4.6.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Proof of Lemma 4.6

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.068484Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.960070Z digest=sha256:403f55423d2e8d74e1dff9005cbd494952e38c2878ceef90ac5e0667bd941140

Observation 0657fb8c-de39-4e6d-8637-46339c016b4e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.061573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.962695Z digest=sha256:24a9687a17f548a225fb5f1562d2d3ffcc7c6ce938cd1fb7d51f3ff44d6d3661

Observation 92bb9709-4084-4602-b430-cfd800aebdd2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.054673Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.965253Z digest=sha256:4871cd2ea46c893e64ed1d92db52472de78ed2e06e2f78d384bdb57a8daa2ed9

Observation d4093ee1-e300-490b-a9ce-dd68af129107 · outbound

This paper cites We claim that the tuples (p, P) and (p, Q) witness that (P , D all) violate Condition 1.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness We claim that the tuples (p, P) and (p, Q) witness that (P , D all) violate Condition 1

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.047925Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.967623Z digest=sha256:9acbffd5041926aca5b3d3b7ddfaaa7c827765a04ce52028960a360dde388fc5

Observation b3fc8aed-1f91-4c36-b27e-d131b17081c6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.039799Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.970223Z digest=sha256:7b762408b65b83d0365958bb0ffa5f4c564b763ba6a075f5b5c23199f85ec926

Observation dbf9fd82-14f9-4952-9fd5-47ac719375ba · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.032456Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.972706Z digest=sha256:bd4139e3b324dadb89483042df493b52c8a198aa9d12cb3601f711d293d537fb

Observation 7ec5d97f-6583-4175-9675-9f1848b04a92 · outbound

This paper cites comparable.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness comparable

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.025825Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.975154Z digest=sha256:e1e3c615c8090ef33c1904aeef9b20079f9a5cff283c45964b9da274e2858ba2

Observation 698889d3-9086-42a1-9a57-c379a660e3e3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.018762Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.977838Z digest=sha256:d139e87859d1783ab64f6cb7f37e63c8e613b93e02ea7fd3c990df77e1bf5c0e

Observation 3a13562b-d144-423a-95f8-3d6ac22cc117 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.011887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.980269Z digest=sha256:25554df35d3b6fc3582d35136e76f8ae6a3369f8caeaabb774d2706a0ac6d3f2

Observation a02fdfeb-ad2a-472a-ac2b-ce78d14df6ca · outbound

This paper cites Consider any D is realizable by (P , D ) and satisfying Pr[T=1] ∈ (η, 1 − η).

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness Consider any D is realizable by (P , D ) and satisfying Pr[T=1] ∈ (η, 1 − η)

Reference 31

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:57:04.004093Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T10:57:03.982632Z digest=sha256:f4e91f113423343d71f704906836fe996fdab90ca822d2b6e0b3b3d398a94963

Pith citing papers

Observation 00e69d6c-58d7-452a-bea7-19cbf85fce09 · inbound

Towards a holistic understanding of Selection Bias for Causal Effect Identification cites this paper.

Towards a holistic understanding of Selection Bias for Causal Effect Identification What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness

Reference 8

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-14T19:27:51.436292Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-14T19:23:23.253884Z digest=sha256:43163e701cecc1246d92fdbeff0da0bfa5f2ea6f36fe93998d952ddbf39371b2

Observation 366a1c0f-59ea-4dc2-9138-ff751d3aea08 · inbound

Towards a holistic understanding of Selection Bias for Causal Effect Identification cites this paper.

Towards a holistic understanding of Selection Bias for Causal Effect Identification What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness

Reference 56

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-14T19:27:52.394122Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-14T19:23:23.253884Z digest=sha256:98c448a0fbe9773c2b1686318a829158e4aa93d2101a90eb105aa3bf655e26f2