Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Artificial Effort

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 36 of 36 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2605.23920.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2605.23920 v1

Coverage vector

measured 36 of 36 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

measured 36 of 36 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

36 of 36 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved36
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 8ae4ac87-f410-4024-9f1d-be0868529ade · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 15371b23-6fed-47d5-95d4-346c8681b351 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ac13d1c8-25dd-434e-94a1-770fc12b58b1 · outbound

This paper cites Niederle, and C.

Artificial Effort Niederle, and C

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 475acfbc-d11c-4d9c-9767-959dfeba80bd · outbound

This paper cites Wiegmann, E.

Artificial Effort Wiegmann, E

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 71d210e3-e487-4bbd-9d54-087fc4583447 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8aef19dc-3430-48da-bd8e-fa5fa326ae5f · outbound

This paper cites Franke, and P.

Artificial Effort Franke, and P

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5c507002-91bb-47a1-a52f-c8cdaf601365 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c42ec89a-ef0d-48aa-b993-301dc808812a · outbound

This paper cites Exley, S.

Artificial Effort Exley, S

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 19a14446-5f8e-46f8-9916-f7604f1ecb72 · outbound

This paper cites Gneezy, and A.

Artificial Effort Gneezy, and A

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 43b81b26-bf36-4891-b823-3c80c7c4b295 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e6af5573-73fb-4b9a-9caa-ae78ccd3b4be · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code.

Artificial Effort Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 71354bdc-06ee-4e14-9be1-65bf24679b03 · outbound

This paper cites Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge.

Artificial Effort Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fdc3e21c-04cd-4018-b945-792784754081 · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

Artificial Effort Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f6b4bb90-67d1-41a0-88fa-d4e0344fcf5d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 49452a51-1aa8-4d15-b524-023b4a5b010d · outbound

This paper cites Gangadharan, and N.

Artificial Effort Gangadharan, and N

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9f7ff329-5c1f-408a-b135-24720e3d9321 · outbound

This paper cites Why Do Large Language Models (LLMs) Struggle to Count Letters?.

Artificial Effort Why Do Large Language Models (LLMs) Struggle to Count Letters?

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e2266c7-f9c7-4ffd-9404-dfb042a14d7f · outbound

This paper cites Burns, S.

Artificial Effort Burns, S

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aa3182eb-488a-429c-b49a-7681f77bd841 · outbound

This paper cites Burns, S.

Artificial Effort Burns, S

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 981ea4ab-9ee8-4127-beb3-8d9e708049b7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d6e5ae56-d180-4e3e-92c8-452c1921d36a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5e219332-a637-4cbd-9301-ef5d8ed94b4d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e37c30e6-a7b4-4376-944a-8a7c5e7604a0 · outbound

This paper cites Palomaki, O.

Artificial Effort Palomaki, O

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 59917ddf-899b-4b20-82e8-a9e9e3d06965 · outbound

This paper cites Bottou, Y.

Artificial Effort Bottou, Y

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6d120f39-7992-461f-96dd-d582a4dc847a · outbound

This paper cites Alghamdi, M.

Artificial Effort Alghamdi, M

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3a4876a3-4141-4dee-9431-73471480184b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d81f9e67-65a2-4be9-92f9-955bbf34b8a9 · outbound

This paper cites Investigating the Limitations of Transformers with Simple Arithmetic Tasks.

Artificial Effort Investigating the Limitations of Transformers with Simple Arithmetic Tasks

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 48b0687d-c429-4aad-9c44-5c4a80030e2c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7cdfaade-967f-40f1-9901-6b4a1600de81 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f918bc24-a8a2-4fba-838d-4404e4589d94 · outbound

This paper cites Slonim, and M.

Artificial Effort Slonim, and M

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8a8d85e2-f7e1-43f0-b484-9a54204553b8 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models.

Artificial Effort Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4a58d86f-9dda-4b1e-bf40-ee09333ab920 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.

Artificial Effort Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d84f083d-da9f-4b51-b716-66655af30eba · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 75c4d934-5643-4c90-af67-a58eb2ab750f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 964693a1-53a0-41e5-9d66-3c498adb7c0c · outbound

This paper cites Kaplan, G.

Artificial Effort Kaplan, G

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 38da6626-1dfd-4c42-9d8f-d1da36381979 · outbound

This paper cites Holtzman, Y.

Artificial Effort Holtzman, Y

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 03f0483b-43e4-4d38-99fe-db3ecc204be6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Artificial Effort Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T19:34:03.845958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.