REVIEW 2 major objections 1 minor 242 references
Three Extremely Metal-Poor stars: discovery of a new CEMP-no star
T0 review · 2 major / 1 minor · reviewed 2026-06-28 · grok-4.3
Pith's one-line read HE 1153-0518 is identified as a new CEMP-no star with abundance patterns indicating faint supernova enrichment.
desk verdict The paper adds one new CEMP-no star but the abundance analysis lacks any visible error bars or model checks. read the letter →
The pith
A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.
The reading
What carries the argument
The abundance pattern from high-resolution spectroscopy, compared against CEMP classification criteria, to infer the nucleosynthetic source.
What would settle it
Deriving a significantly higher carbon isotopic ratio or higher neutron-capture abundances using different atmospheric parameters or line lists that would reclassify the star away from CEMP-no criteria.
Extended reading notes
Core claim
Detailed abundance analysis identifies HE 1153-0518 as a CEMP-no star with strong carbon enhancement, high absolute carbon abundance, extreme sodium enrichment, very low neutron-capture element abundances, and a very low carbon isotopic ratio of 12C/13C = 2.0. The abundance pattern is consistent with enrichment by faint core-collapse supernovae with mixing and fallback, though binary interaction cannot be ruled out.
Load-bearing premise
The abundances measured from the high-resolution spectra accurately reflect the star's composition without large systematic uncertainties from the analysis methods.
Editorial extensions
If this is right
- The discovery adds an important object to the small population of high-A(C) CEMP-no stars.
- It provides valuable constraints on early chemical enrichment pathways and the nature of the first generations of stars.
- The spectral energy distribution indicates circumstellar dust, which may relate to the star's formation history.
- Possibility of binary interaction and internal mixing remains viable alongside the supernova scenario.
Reading between the lines
- Observations of more such stars could refine models of supernova yields in the early universe.
- The low carbon isotopic ratio offers a potential test for carbon production mechanisms in faint supernovae.
- Similar infrared excesses in other CEMP-no stars might indicate a common evolutionary path.
Editorial analysis
A structured set of objections, weighed in public.
Referee Report
Summary. The manuscript reports high-resolution spectroscopic analysis of three extremely metal-poor stars (HE 0401-0138, HE 1153-0518, HE 1246-1344). Two are classified as normal EMP stars based on abundances of C, Na, Mg, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Sr, and Ba (with upper limits on several others). HE 1153-0518 is identified as a new CEMP-no star showing strong carbon enhancement, high absolute carbon abundance, extreme sodium enrichment, very low neutron-capture elements, a low 12C/13C ratio of 2.0, and infrared excess indicating circumstellar dust; its pattern is interpreted as consistent with enrichment by faint core-collapse supernovae with mixing and fallback (binary interaction not ruled out).
Significance. If the abundance determinations prove robust, the discovery adds an important high-A(C) CEMP-no star to the small known population and supplies observational constraints on early nucleosynthesis pathways and the yields of the first generations of stars.
major comments (2)
- [Abstract / results] Abstract and results sections: the CEMP-no classification of HE 1153-0518 and the faint-SN interpretation rest on specific reported values ([C/Fe], [Na/Fe], [Ba/Fe], 12C/13C = 2.0) with no accompanying error bars, line lists, equivalent-width measurements, or adopted model-atmosphere parameters (Teff, log g, [Fe/H], microturbulence), making it impossible to verify that the star meets standard CEMP-no criteria or that systematics do not alter the classification.
- [Abundance analysis] Abundance analysis: the derivation assumes 1D LTE line formation for CH bands and Na lines without any cross-check against NLTE corrections, 3D hydrodynamical models, or alternative grids; because these choices directly control the key ratios used for both classification and the supernova-mixing-and-fallback scenario, the central claim cannot be assessed without this information.
minor comments (1)
- The abstract is lengthy and repeats several abundance descriptors; a more concise version would improve readability.
Simulated Author's Rebuttal
We thank the referee for the careful and constructive review of our manuscript. We address each major comment below and will revise the paper to improve clarity and verifiability of the results.
read point-by-point responses
-
Referee: [Abstract / results] Abstract and results sections: the CEMP-no classification of HE 1153-0518 and the faint-SN interpretation rest on specific reported values ([C/Fe], [Na/Fe], [Ba/Fe], 12C/13C = 2.0) with no accompanying error bars, line lists, equivalent-width measurements, or adopted model-atmosphere parameters (Teff, log g, [Fe/H], microturbulence), making it impossible to verify that the star meets standard CEMP-no criteria or that systematics do not alter the classification.
Authors: We agree that the current presentation lacks sufficient detail for independent verification. In the revised manuscript we will add a table of adopted atmospheric parameters (Teff, log g, [Fe/H], microturbulence) for all three stars, report the measured equivalent widths or synthesis details for the key lines, include the line lists employed, and attach 1-sigma uncertainties to the reported abundance ratios including [C/Fe], [Na/Fe], [Ba/Fe] and the carbon isotopic ratio. These additions will allow direct assessment of whether HE 1153-0518 satisfies the standard CEMP-no criteria. revision: yes
-
Referee: [Abundance analysis] Abundance analysis: the derivation assumes 1D LTE line formation for CH bands and Na lines without any cross-check against NLTE corrections, 3D hydrodynamical models, or alternative grids; because these choices directly control the key ratios used for both classification and the supernova-mixing-and-fallback scenario, the central claim cannot be assessed without this information.
Authors: The analysis was performed under the standard 1D LTE assumption that is conventional for high-resolution studies of EMP stars at this metallicity. We acknowledge that NLTE effects on Na and 3D effects on CH can be non-negligible. In the revision we will add a dedicated paragraph discussing the expected magnitude of these corrections based on published grids for stars of comparable parameters, and we will note that even after applying typical literature corrections the star remains well above the CEMP threshold and retains its low neutron-capture abundances. A full 3D-NLTE re-analysis lies beyond the scope of the present work but is identified as a desirable follow-up. revision: partial
Circularity Check
No significant circularity in abundance-based classification of HE 1153-0518
full rationale
The paper derives elemental abundances (C, Na, Mg, etc.) from high-resolution spectra of three EMP stars and classifies HE 1153-0518 as CEMP-no by direct comparison of the resulting [C/Fe], [Ba/Fe], 12C/13C ratio, and neutron-capture abundances against standard literature definitions of CEMP-no stars. No step reduces by construction to a fitted parameter defined from the same data, no self-citation chain is load-bearing for the classification, and no ansatz or uniqueness theorem is smuggled in. The derivation chain is self-contained against external benchmarks.
Assumptions & free parameters
Cite this review
Pith. "Pith review of Three Extremely Metal-Poor stars: discovery of a new CEMP-no star." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/EDF433YE
@misc{pith2026260605154,
author = {Pith},
title = {Pith review of: Three Extremely Metal-Poor stars: discovery of a new CEMP-no star},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/EDF433YE}},
note = {Machine review of arXiv:2606.05154}
}
read the original abstract
We have conducted detailed high-resolution spectroscopic studies on three extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars HE 0401-0138, HE 1153-0518 and HE 1246-1344. For the stars HE 0401-0138 and HE 1246-1344, we have estimated the abundances of C, Na, Mg, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Sr and Ba along with the upper limits for Li, O, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Eu. For HE 1153-0518, abundances of seven light elements from C through Ni and two heavy elements, Y and Ba, have been derived, together with upper limits for Li, O, and La. Based on their observed abundance patterns, HE 0401-0138 and HE 1246-1344 are classified as normal EMP stars, whereas HE 1153-0518 is identified as a newly discovered CEMP-no star. HE 1153-0518 shows strong carbon enhancement with a high absolute carbon abundance, extreme sodium enrichment, very low neutron-capture element abundances, and a very low carbon isotopic ratio (12C/13C = 2.0). Its spectral energy distribution shows clear infrared excess, indicating the presence of circumstellar dust. The abundance pattern of HE 1153-0518 suggests enrichment by early nucleosynthetic processes, such as faint core-collapse supernovae with mixing and fallback, while the possibility of binary interaction and subsequent internal mixing cannot be ruled out. The discovery and detailed study of HE 1153-0518 add an important object to the small population of high-A(C) CEMP-no stars and provide valuable constraints on early chemical enrichment pathways and the nature of the first generations of stars.
Figures
Figures from the paper (3 more)
Reference graph
Works this paper leans on
-
[1]
Alonso A., Arribas S., Martinez-Roger C., 1996, , https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996A&A...313..873A 313, 873
1996
-
[6]
doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222 , journal =
Asplund M., Grevesse N., Sauval A. J., Scott P., 2009, @doi [ ] 10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222 , 47, 481
-
[17]
M., et al., 2003, VizieR Online Data Catalog, https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003yCat.2246....0C p
Cutri R. M., et al., 2003, VizieR Online Data Catalog, https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003yCat.2246....0C p. II/246
2003
-
[32]
Hinkle K., Wallace L., Valenti J., Harmer D., 2000, Visible and Near Infrared Atlas of the Arcturus Spectrum 3727-9300 A
2000
-
[34]
C., Huang Y., Cabrera Garcia J., Lee Y
Hong J., Beers T. C., Huang Y., Cabrera Garcia J., Lee Y. S., Placco V. M., Kirby E. N., 2026, @doi [arXiv e-prints] 10.48550/arXiv.2602.10325 , https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026arXiv260210325H p. arXiv:2602.10325
-
[37]
Lee Y. S., Beers T. C., Hirai Y., Hong J., Jeong M., Kim C., Kim Y. K., 2025, @doi [ ] 10.3847/2041-8213/ae0641 , https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025ApJ...991L..42L 991, L42
-
[56]
A., 1973, PhD thesis, The University of Texas at Austin
Sneden C. A., 1973, PhD thesis, The University of Texas at Austin
1973
-
[61]
A., Piskunov N., 1996, , https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996A&AS..118..595V 118, 595
Valenti J. A., Piskunov N., 1996, , https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996A&AS..118..595V 118, 595
1996
Show all 242 references
-
[66]
2005", month =
The Discovery and Analysis of Very Metal-Poor Stars in the Galaxy. , year = "2005", month = "Sep", volume =. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.42.053102.134057 , adsurl =
2005 doi
-
[67]
Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Stars in SDSS/SEGUE. I. Carbon Abundance Estimation and Frequency of CEMP Stars. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/5/132 , adsurl =
-
[68]
Astronomy & Astrophysics , volume=
The first carbon-enhanced metal-poor star found in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal , author=. Astronomy & Astrophysics , volume=. 2015 , publisher=
2015
-
[69]
Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Stars. I. Chemical Compositions of 26 Stars. , eprint =. doi:10.1086/509817 , adsurl =
-
[70]
, archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =
How plausible are the proposed formation scenarios of CEMP-r/s stars?. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527864 , adsurl =
-
[71]
A new classification scheme based on Sr and Ba
Abundances and kinematics of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo. A new classification scheme based on Sr and Ba. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834601 , adsurl =
-
[72]
, eprint =
Low-mass supernovae in the early Galactic halo: source of the double r/s-process enriched halo stars?. , eprint =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07552.x , adsurl =
2004 doi
-
[73]
, volume=
Enrichment of Very Metal Poor Stars with Both r-Process and s-Process Elements from 8-10 M☉ Stars , author=. , volume=. 2006 , publisher=
2006
- [74]
-
[75]
, eprint =
Abundance Analysis of HE 2148-1247, A Star with Extremely Enhanced Neutron Capture Elements. , eprint =. doi:10.1086/374269 , adsurl =
-
[76]
Interpretation of high-resolution spectroscopic observations with asymptotic giant branch models
The s-process in low-metallicity stars - II. Interpretation of high-resolution spectroscopic observations with asymptotic giant branch models. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19484.x , adsurl =
2011 doi
-
[77]
, eprint =
CH stars at high Galactic latitudes. , eprint =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08917.x , adsurl =
2005 doi
-
[78]
Baltic Astronomy , keywords =
A New Version of the Catalog of CH and Related Stars (CH95 Catalog). Baltic Astronomy , keywords =. doi:10.1515/astro-1996-0207 , adsurl =
1996 doi
-
[79]
1956", month =
The carbon stars An astrophysical enigma. Vistas in Astronomy , year = "1956", month = "Jan", volume =. doi:10.1016/0083-6656(56)90071-X , adsurl =
1956 doi
-
[80]
Harvard College Observatory Bulletin , year = 1940, month = jun, volume = 913, pages =
New Peculiar Spectra. Harvard College Observatory Bulletin , year = 1940, month = jun, volume = 913, pages =
1940
-
[81]
, year = 1944, month = mar, volume = 99, pages =
Radial Velocities of 283 Stars of Spectral Classes R and N. , year = 1944, month = mar, volume = 99, pages =. doi:10.1086/144603 , adsurl =
1944 doi
-
[82]
, keywords =
The effective temperatures of carbon-rich stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010106 , adsurl =
-
[83]
, archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =
Abundances of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars as constraints on their formation. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526895 , adsurl =
-
[84]
, archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =
[O/Fe] Estimates for Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Stars from Near-infrared Spectroscopy. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/141/3/102 , adsurl =
-
[85]
, archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =
HE 0017+0055: A probable pulsating CEMP-rs star and long-period binary. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526993 , adsurl =
-
[86]
, archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =
Binary properties of CH and carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526992 , adsurl =
-
[87]
A large, homogeneously-selected sample of high latitude carbon stars
The stellar content of the Hamburg/ESO survey II. A large, homogeneously-selected sample of high latitude carbon stars. , eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010814 , adsurl =
-
[88]
Empirical calibration of \ T\_\ \
The effective temperature scale of giant stars (F0-K5) - II. Empirical calibration of \ T\_\ \. doi:10.1051/aas:1999521
-
[90]
, volume =
Goswami, Aruna and Aoki, Wako and Karinkuzhi, Drisya , title = ". , volume =. 2015 , month =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2011 , url =
2015 doi
-
[91]
Jacques and Scott, Pat , title =
Asplund, Martin and Grevesse, Nicolas and Sauval, A. Jacques and Scott, Pat , title =. , volume =. 2009 , doi =
2009
-
[92]
, archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =
Line strengths and updated molecular constants for the C _ 2 Swan system. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.02.025 , adsurl =
2013 doi
-
[93]
, archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =
Line Lists for the A ^ 2 -X ^ 2 ^ + (Red) and B ^ 2 ^ + -X ^ 2 ^ + (Violet) Systems of CN, ^ 13 C ^ 14 N, and ^ 12 C ^ 15 N, and Application to Astronomical Spectra. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/214/2/26 , adsurl =
-
[94]
, keywords =
Improved Line Data for the Swan System ^ 12 C ^ 13 C Isotopologue. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/211/1/5 , adsurl =
-
[95]
, eprint =
On the Perils of Hyperfine Splitting: A Reanalysis of MN and SC Abundance Trends. , eprint =. doi:10.1086/312749 , adsurl =
-
[96]
, keywords =
Barium Abundances in Extremely Metal-poor Stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/300289 , adsurl =
-
[97]
The Hamburg/ESO R-process enhanced star survey (HERES). III. HE 0338-3945 and the formation of the r + s stars. , eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054470 , adsurl =
-
[98]
, archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =
Ba and Eu abundances in M 15 giant stars. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321097 , adsurl =
-
[99]
, eprint =
Abundances of 30 Elements in 23 Metal-Poor Stars. , eprint =. doi:10.1086/338117 , adsurl =
-
[100]
, keywords =
Elemental abundance trends in the Galactic thin and thick disks as traced by nearby F and G dwarf stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031213 , adsurl =
-
[101]
Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties
Gaia Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629512 , adsurl =
-
[102]
Mapping the Milky Way disc kinematics
Gaia Data Release 2. Mapping the Milky Way disc kinematics. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832865 , adsurl =
-
[103]
Summary of the contents and survey properties
Gaia Early Data Release 3. Summary of the contents and survey properties. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657 , archivePrefix =. 2012.01533 , primaryClass =
2012 doi
-
[104]
Summary of the content and survey properties
Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 , archivePrefix =. 2208.00211 , primaryClass =
-
[105]
, archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =
Local kinematics and the local standard of rest. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16253.x , adsurl =
2010 doi
- [106]
-
[107]
, eprint =
Elemental abundance survey of the Galactic thick disc. , eprint =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10148.x , adsurl =
2006 doi
-
[108]
, eprint =
Oxygen trends in the Galactic thin and thick disks. , eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031655 , adsurl =
-
[109]
, eprint =
On the correlation of elemental abundances with kinematics among galactic disk stars. , eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034454 , adsurl =
-
[110]
, eprint =
Neutron Capture in Low-Mass Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars: Cross Sections and Abundance Signatures. , eprint =. doi:10.1086/307938 , adsurl =
-
[111]
Individual analysis of CEMP-s and CEMP-s/r with asymptotic giant branch models
The s-process in low-metallicity stars - III. Individual analysis of CEMP-s and CEMP-s/r with asymptotic giant branch models. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20670.x , adsurl =
2012 doi
-
[112]
, eprint =
Neutron Capture Elements in s-Process-Rich, Very Metal-Poor Stars. , eprint =. doi:10.1086/323230 , adsurl =
-
[113]
, keywords =
The Mystery of CEMPs+r Stars and the Dual Core-Flash Neutron Superburst. , keywords =. doi:10.1071/AS08068 , adsurl =
-
[114]
, archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =
Radiative levitation in carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars with s-process enrichment. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628540 , adsurl =
-
[115]
Models of Metal-poor Stars with Gravitational Settling and Radiative Accelerations. I. Evolution and Abundance Anomalies. , keywords =. 2002. doi:10.1086/338952 , adsurl =
2002 doi
- [116]
-
[117]
Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars. III. Main-Sequence Turnoff Stars from the SDSS SEGUE Sample. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1086/533517 , adsurl =
-
[118]
, eprint =
New analysis of the two carbon-rich stars CS 22948-27 and CS 29497-34: Binarity and neutron capture elements. , eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040415 , adsurl =
-
[119]
The Hamburg/ESO R-process enhanced star survey (HERES). II. Spectroscopic analysis of the survey sample. , eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052967 , adsurl =
-
[120]
Chemical abundances from CO ^ 5 BOLD 3D hydrodynamical model atmospheres
Three carbon-enhanced metal-poor dwarf stars from the SDSS. Chemical abundances from CO ^ 5 BOLD 3D hydrodynamical model atmospheres. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913213 , adsurl =
-
[121]
, eprint =
Carbon Stars in the Hamburg/ESO Survey: Abundances. , eprint =. doi:10.1086/504597 , adsurl =
-
[122]
Atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances
Chemical analysis of CH stars - I. Atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu148 , adsurl =
-
[123]
Atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances
Chemical analysis of CH stars - II. Atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2079 , adsurl =
-
[124]
, eprint =
A high-resolution spectral analysis of three carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars. , eprint =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10877.x , adsurl =
2006 doi
-
[125]
, keywords =
Heavy-element abundances in the CH/CN-strong very metal-poor stars CS 22948-27 and CS 29497-34. , keywords =
-
[126]
, archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =
Chemical Abundances of Outer Halo Stars in the Milky Way. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1093/pasj/62.1.143 , adsurl =
-
[127]
, archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =
Chemical Compositions of Kinematically Selected Outer Halo Stars. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/706/2/1095 , adsurl =
-
[128]
, keywords =
High-resolution spectroscopic observations of two chemically peculiar metal-poor stars: HD 10613 and BD+04 2466. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200810851 , adsurl =
-
[129]
, eprint =
Neutron-Capture Elements in the Early Galaxy: Insights from a Large Sample of Metal-poor Giants. , eprint =. doi:10.1086/317172 , adsurl =
-
[130]
, archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =
Elemental abundances and classification of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015615 , adsurl =
-
[131]
The CH Stars. III. Heavy Element Abundances. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/116375 , adsurl =
-
[132]
, eprint =
Near-Ultraviolet Observations of CS 29497-030: New Constraints on Neutron-Capture Nucleosynthesis Processes. , eprint =. doi:10.1086/432465 , adsurl =
-
[133]
, keywords =
Abundances in the Very Metal Poor s-Process-rich Star CS 22183-015. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/345315 , adsurl =
-
[134]
, eprint =
The s-Process in Metal-Poor Stars: Abundances for 22 Neutron-Capture Elements in CS 31062-050. , eprint =. doi:10.1086/382147 , adsurl =
-
[135]
, eprint =
Chemical abundances in 43 metal-poor stars. , eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052797 , adsurl =
-
[136]
Stellar Archaeology: A Keck Pilot Program on Extremely Metal-Poor Stars From the Hamburg/ESO Survey. III. The Lead (Pb) Star HE 0024-2523. , eprint =. doi:10.1086/345886 , adsurl =
-
[137]
, keywords =
The Incidence of Binaries among Very Metal-poor Carbon Stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/322082 , adsurl =
-
[138]
CS 29497-030: Evidence for operation of the s-process at very low metallicity
First stars IV. CS 29497-030: Evidence for operation of the s-process at very low metallicity. , eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031590 , adsurl =
- [139]
-
[140]
, keywords =
The chemical composition of HD 196944: a carbon and s-process rich, very metal-poor star. , keywords =
-
[141]
, archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =
HD 209621: abundances of neutron-capture elements*. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16265.x , adsurl =
2010 doi
-
[142]
A halo-population CH subgiant
Abundances of neutron-capture elements in <ASTROBJ>G 24-25</ASTROBJ>. A halo-population CH subgiant. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117909 , adsurl =
- [143]
- [144]
-
[145]
, keywords =
Asymptotic giant branch evolution and beyond. , keywords =. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.21.090183.001415 , adsurl =
-
[146]
, keywords =
Carbon deflagration supernova, an alternative to carbon detonation. , keywords =. doi:10.1007/BF00648354 , adsurl =
-
[147]
, keywords =
An explosive end to intermediate-mass zero-metallicity stars and early Universe nucleosynthesis. , keywords =. 2008. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12816.x , archivePrefix =. 0712.1160 , primaryClass =
2008 doi
- [148]
- [149]
-
[150]
, keywords =
Production of ^ 14 C and neutrons in red giants. , keywords =. 1977. doi:10.1086/155030 , adsurl =
1977 doi
-
[151]
arXiv e-prints , keywords =
The i-process and CEMP-r/s stars. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. 2015
2015
- [152]
-
[153]
Evolution and Nucleosynthesis in Low-Mass Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars. II. Neutron Capture and the S-Process. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/305437 , adsurl =
- [154]
-
[155]
1988", month =
Atomic transition probabilities. Iron through Nickel. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , year = "1988", month = "Jan", volume =
1988
-
[156]
1974", month =
Arc Measurements of Fe I Oscillator Strengths. , year = "1974", month = "Sep", volume =. doi:10.1086/153118 , adsurl =
1974 doi
-
[157]
, keywords =
Fundamental parameters and infrared excesses of Hipparcos stars. , keywords =. 2012. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21873.x , archivePrefix =. 1208.2037 , primaryClass =
2012 doi
-
[158]
, keywords =
Tool for Automatic Measurement of Equivalent width (TAME). , keywords =. 2012. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21613.x , archivePrefix =. 1207.2845 , primaryClass =
2012 doi
-
[159]
, keywords =
Signatures of the ^ 22 Ne neutron source in red giants and planetary nebulae. , keywords =. 1978. doi:10.1086/156066 , adsurl =
1978 doi
-
[160]
, keywords =
Thermal-neutron capture by magnesium isotopes. , keywords =. 1992. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.45.1597 , adsurl =
1992 doi
-
[161]
, keywords =
The ^ 85 Kr s-Process Branching and the Mass of Carbon Stars. , keywords =. 2001. doi:10.1086/322383 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0105486 , primaryClass =
2001 doi
- [162]
- [163]
- [164]
-
[165]
The Chemical Composition of Red Giants. IV. The Neutron Density at the s-Process Site. , keywords =. 1995. doi:10.1086/176141 , adsurl =
1995 doi
-
[166]
, keywords =
Magnesium isotopes and s-process elements in the barium star HR 774. , keywords =. 1979. doi:10.1086/156720 , adsurl =
1979 doi
-
[167]
Pt 1: Wavelengths: 5.2682 NM to 272.3380 nm; Pt 2: Wavelengths: 272.3395 NM to 599.3892 nm; Pt 3: Wavelengths: 599.4004 NM to 9997.2746 NM
A table of semiempirical gf values. Pt 1: Wavelengths: 5.2682 NM to 272.3380 nm; Pt 2: Wavelengths: 272.3395 NM to 599.3892 nm; Pt 3: Wavelengths: 599.4004 NM to 9997.2746 NM. SAO Special Report , keywords =. 1975
1975
-
[168]
1974", month =
Multiplet Splittings and IS,3p, Intercombination-Line Oscillator Strengths in be i and MG I. , year = "1974", month = "Sep", volume =. doi:10.1086/153090 , adsurl =
1974 doi
-
[169]
a rken im Singulettsystem des neutralen Magnesiums. Zeitschrift fur Physik , year =
Messung von Oszillatorenst \"a rken im Singulettsystem des neutralen Magnesiums. Zeitschrift fur Physik , year = "1971", month = "Aug", volume =. doi:10.1007/BF01395433 , adsurl =
1971 doi
-
[170]
Oscillator Strengths of Neutral Titanium from Hook Method Measurements in a Furnace. I. Lines from the a ^ 3 F _ 2, _ 3 _ and _ 4 Levels at 0, 0.021, and 0.048 eV. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A , keywords =. 1978. doi:10.1098/rspa.1978.0133 , adsurl =
1978 doi
-
[171]
1970", month =
Etude des contours des raies d'absorption de quelques multiplets de l'atome neutre de nickel dans le proche ultra-violet. , year = "1970", month = "Jan", volume =. doi:10.1016/0022-4073(70)90099-3 , adsurl =
1970 doi
-
[172]
1974", month =
Experimental Oscillator Strengths for NI I and NI N Lines. , year = "1974", month = "Aug", volume =
1974
-
[173]
1968", month =
Atomic oscillator strengths-IV. Transitions of the type s ^ 2 -sp and ss-sp. , year = "1968", month = "Jan", volume =. doi:10.1093/mnras/140.1.53 , adsurl =
1968 doi
-
[174]
, keywords =
Oscillator strengths for Y I and Y II and the solar abundance of yttrium. , keywords =. 1982. doi:10.1086/160384 , adsurl =
1982 doi
-
[175]
, keywords =
Moderately accurate oscillator strengths from NBS intensities - II. , keywords =. 1983. doi:10.1093/mnras/203.3.651 , adsurl =
1983 doi
-
[176]
, keywords =
Oscillator strengths for Zr I and Zr II and a new determination of the solar abundance of zirconium. , keywords =. 1981. doi:10.1086/159213 , adsurl =
1981 doi
-
[177]
, keywords =
Transition probabilities in Sm(II) and the solar abundance of samarium. , keywords =. 1979. doi:10.1016/0022-4073(79)90019-0 , adsurl =
1979 doi
-
[178]
, keywords =
Accurate experimental lifetimes of excited levels in Nd II. , keywords =. 1985. doi:10.1088/0031-8949/31/3/001 , adsurl =
1985 doi
- [179]
-
[180]
Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings , year = 2010, month = jan, volume =
Elemental abundances in CEMP stars: r- and s-process elements. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings , year = 2010, month = jan, volume =. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-10322-3_20 , adsurl =
2010 doi
-
[181]
The binary nature of the barium stars. II. Velocities, binary frequency, and preliminary orbits. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/160951 , adsurl =
- [182]
-
[183]
The Binary Nature of the Barium and CH Stars. III. Orbital Parameters. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/168573 , adsurl =
- [184]
-
[185]
Observatory , keywords =
A general catalogue of cool carbon stars. Observatory , keywords =
-
[186]
, keywords =
The empirical scale of temperatures of the low main sequence (F0V-K5V). , keywords =
-
[187]
, keywords =
Calculating Galactic Space Velocities and Their Uncertainties, with an Application to the Ursa Major Group. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/114370 , adsurl =
-
[188]
, keywords =
The CH fraction of carbon stars at high Galactic latitudes. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15939.x , archivePrefix =. 0912.4347 , primaryClass =
2009 doi
- [189]
- [190]
-
[191]
, keywords =
An attempt to derive Mg isotopic ratios in carbon stars. , keywords =
- [192]
-
[193]
, keywords =
Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars and thermohaline mixing. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066891 , adsurl =
-
[194]
Carbon and Nitrogen Abundances in Metal-Poor Stars
-
[195]
XIII Nuclei in the Cosmos (NIC XIII) , year = 2014, month = jan, eid =
i process and CEMP-s+r stars. XIII Nuclei in the Cosmos (NIC XIII) , year = 2014, month = jan, eid =
2014
-
[196]
, keywords =
Identification of a Group III CEMP-no Star in the Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Canes Venatici I. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab7daf , archivePrefix =. 1910.10038 , primaryClass =
1910 doi
- [197]
- [198]
- [199]
- [200]
- [201]
- [202]
-
[203]
, keywords =
Learning about the Intermediate Neutron-capture Process from Lead Abundances. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab4fe8 , archivePrefix =. 1910.11882 , primaryClass =
1910 doi
- [204]
- [205]
-
[206]
Visible and Near Infrared Atlas of the Arcturus Spectrum 3727-9300 A
- [207]
- [208]
- [209]
- [210]
- [211]
-
[212]
, keywords =
The rapid evolution of the born-again giant Sakurai's object. , keywords =
-
[213]
, year = 2003, month = jan, volume =
Post-AGB Stars. , year = 2003, month = jan, volume =. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.41.071601.170018 , adsurl =
2003 doi
- [214]
- [215]
- [216]
- [217]
- [218]
- [219]
- [220]
- [221]
- [222]
- [223]
- [224]
- [225]
- [226]
- [227]
-
[228]
A wide angle view of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy. II. A CEMP-r/s star in the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037908 , archivePrefix =. 2005.03027 , primaryClass =
2005 doi
- [229]
- [230]
- [231]
- [232]
-
[233]
The NLTE chemical evolution of strontium in extremely metal-poor stars
LTE or non-LTE, that is the question. The NLTE chemical evolution of strontium in extremely metal-poor stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220584 , adsurl =
- [234]
- [235]
-
[236]
Neutron-capture elements in dwarf galaxies. II. Challenges for the s- and i-processes at low metallicity. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937075 , archivePrefix =. 1912.06671 , primaryClass =
1912 doi
-
[237]
JAA , keywords =
i-Process nucleosynthesis: Observational evidences from CEMP stars. JAA , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s12036-020-09670-7 , archivePrefix =. 2011.02419 , primaryClass =
2011 doi
-
[238]
, keywords =
Characterizing the companion AGBs using surface chemical composition of barium stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3518 , archivePrefix =. 2010.06949 , primaryClass =
2010 doi
- [239]
- [240]
- [241]
- [242]
-
[243]
, keywords =
Spectroscopy made easy: A new tool for fitting observations with synthetic spectra. , keywords =
- [244]
- [245]
-
[246]
Revisiting classification criteria and formation scenarios, highlighting i-process nucleosynthesis
Spectroscopic study of CEMP-(s & r/s) stars. Revisiting classification criteria and formation scenarios, highlighting i-process nucleosynthesis. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038258 , archivePrefix =. 2101.09518 , primaryClass =
- [247]
- [248]
- [249]
- [250]
- [251]
-
[252]
The intermediate neutron capture process. I. Development of the i-process in low-metallicity low-mass AGB stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202040170 , archivePrefix =. 2102.08840 , primaryClass =
- [253]
- [254]
- [255]
-
[256]
, keywords =
The evolution of AGB stars with convective overshoot. , keywords =
- [257]
- [258]
-
[259]
, keywords =
Partial mixing and formation of the ^ 13 C pocket by internal gravity waves in asymptotic giant branch stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06284.x , adsurl =
2003 doi
-
[260]
, keywords =
Hydrogen Burning and Dredge-up during the Major Core Helium Flash in a Z = 0 Model Star. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/168459 , adsurl =
-
[261]
, keywords =
The Origin of Extremely Metal-poor Carbon Stars and the Search for Population III. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/312453 , adsurl =
-
[262]
, keywords =
Flash-Driven Convective Mixing in Low-Mass, Metal-deficient Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars: A New Paradigm for Lithium Enrichment and a Possible s-Process. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/380989 , adsurl =
-
[263]
, keywords =
The evolution of low-metallicity asymptotic giant branch stars and the formation of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14772.x , archivePrefix =. 0903.2324 , primaryClass =
2009 doi
-
[264]
, keywords =
High Dispersion Spectrograph (HDS) for the Subaru Telescope. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/pasj/54.6.855 , adsurl =
-
[265]
VizieR Online Data Catalog , keywords =
VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003). VizieR Online Data Catalog , keywords =
2003
- [266]
- [267]
-
[268]
, keywords =
AstroSat Study of the Globular Cluster NGC 2298: Probable Evolutionary Scenarios of Hot Horizontal Branch Stars. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac2eb6 , archivePrefix =. 2110.04528 , primaryClass =
- [269]
- [270]
- [271]
- [272]
- [273]
-
[274]
, keywords =
The ^ 12 C/ ^ 13 C isotopic ratio at the dawn of chemical evolution. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347676 , archivePrefix =. 2309.11664 , primaryClass =
- [275]
-
[276]
, year = 2005, month = sep, volume =
New Light on Stellar Abundance Analyses: Departures from LTE and Homogeneity. , year = 2005, month = sep, volume =. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.42.053102.134001 , adsurl =
2005 doi
- [277]
- [278]
- [279]
-
[280]
, year = 2013, month = aug, volume =
Nucleosynthesis in Stars and the Chemical Enrichment of Galaxies. , year = 2013, month = aug, volume =. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-140956 , adsurl =
2013 doi
- [281]
- [282]
- [283]
- [284]
- [285]
- [286]
- [287]
- [288]
- [289]
- [290]
- [291]
- [292]
-
[293]
, keywords =
Gas and dust from extremely metal-poor AGB stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141017 , archivePrefix =. 2108.04471 , primaryClass =
- [294]
-
[295]
, keywords =
Chemodynamical study of two CEMP-no stars from the Hamburg/ESO Survey. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3290 , archivePrefix =. 2311.09530 , primaryClass =
-
[296]
, keywords =
Chemical Analysis of Two Extremely Metal-poor Stars HE 2148-2039 and HE 2155-2043. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abec45 , archivePrefix =. 2103.07075 , primaryClass =
-
[297]
, keywords =
Elemental abundances of 44 very metal-poor stars determined from Subaru/IRD near-infrared spectra. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/pasj/psaf017 , archivePrefix =. 2503.11487 , primaryClass =
-
[298]
, keywords =
The most metal-poor stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s00159-025-00159-2 , archivePrefix =. 2504.06335 , primaryClass =
-
[299]
, keywords =
Carbon-enhanced metal-poor star candidates from BP/RP spectra in Gaia DR3. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1675 , archivePrefix =. 2206.08299 , primaryClass =
- [300]
Reviewed June 28, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.
Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.