Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:02.780673Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 54 of 54 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.19121.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:02.780673Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T22:22:08.501322Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-08-06T22:22:08.802546Z
54 of 54 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation d9b6d6df-3085-40d0-8ad5-0e54546ee8e9 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a71421a4-ef1b-46a0-88a8-74c72466bb96 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 0c225f0b-798d-436f-98d1-63f17b81022b · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c7d3ba92-f385-400a-a79b-23918b1253c2 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 2b9603d7-98b2-45e1-8ef8-244530926e3f · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation cbecfce7-c79e-48a3-b5f1-9035c4475b51 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 1585b56b-aaa6-4083-a2d2-60068e8ec2e7 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 586d0e9f-5c36-4508-b3c5-fff15c9302f3 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models The Llama 3 Herd of Models
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 121b4ac0-b72f-4880-b289-461502236791 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation ed789331-5787-4141-9c15-7a57dd8c7e84 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation a3bf7300-ae78-491b-b7ab-116c74efb29e · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation ab433064-1ce8-4852-be97-082aaf999d34 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 889a16e3-e474-4476-927b-d50f42e2e31b · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 803b47d2-15ec-48db-94a0-9e3d899e2950 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 64139fc5-5445-4d53-8a79-81b1647786e2 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e98fc3ca-fb60-4618-b170-d1267d821102 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Mistral 7B
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b03efc23-5db7-4308-9580-c28ce9e2008f · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 02148ffe-3c8c-4148-a875-1d0ed35b43db · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 767417b6-ef7e-4a45-8297-6d1a8a1fa665 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d505b07b-8693-418a-b8cf-771aa89b29de · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ea85d832-c3be-429c-96f7-884e30c5a38c · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 615c2593-9c11-4706-aa54-81b4ffb52d59 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b9861160-178a-4cbd-b320-d465cdc5c87d · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation a5faeb88-a3d8-4623-916c-f3eaccb19017 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Language Ranker: A Metric for Quantifying LLM Performance Across High and Low-Resource Languages
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5e67b882-91e0-4a5c-b200-649aec656e37 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation ae4b5746-7f0a-446e-85b4-494cd7d817d6 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8668caec-00b4-4ec5-9b2a-31bda7216b69 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 791f249f-a74c-4743-aecf-93ba6d5f748e · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 20933e57-f4b1-4c07-8b63-d13858fe3f82 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 7fb904f6-e47b-4196-a6aa-ad072f40cbb4 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 55ab532f-1249-48ec-9fe7-5403bc237bba · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 6f8244d8-19f5-4c03-8b42-c13d3290f7af · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models GPT-4 Technical Report
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f3b15e64-ccdc-4871-8965-d1d87888161d · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 0b755be1-65ba-4aa6-92ea-af6e74f07a01 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation eecac05c-edf6-47c5-bce8-125de7d96ff9 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Smith, and Yejin Choi
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 55383c79-44c9-40cd-ab47-144017f0db6c · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 65c52025-9fee-4700-8a62-794f4a68ae69 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 4b3ae3b3-8921-44ca-b3aa-14c1e5e2863f · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation efba6249-aee5-4643-aefa-3dc707c06ab8 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6b48eaad-feda-4dbe-8164-b656986de402 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d571604c-b534-44dc-8c88-858f9be490cd · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 3693dac4-54a5-4720-8263-71a56c80ea19 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b1279b7c-d86a-4485-a1cf-792f2f81c389 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5a2e6d43-24a8-4f42-a8a9-38e63aef2ebe · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e27a3821-df40-4f44-a46a-d11f76959ac9 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b436fdd8-6062-4cec-b161-5ee96bdb9223 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c17949bb-1d91-4b32-b8cd-65985e56009b · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation f0c5b587-223e-4447-94ed-cd05e52bbb9f · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 08c869d5-4fd9-44d8-917a-547ea28e86d3 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models A Survey of Large Language Models
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation aff24d3f-cd1c-4926-8b23-226a321469aa · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 282c24fe-13d2-4e89-a6bb-52fa1efffee6 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5033b4bd-cb39-4790-95b3-9bd8b469741a · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 96f8e4e0-1f3c-4c44-86c3-49c770b94527 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models online" 'onlinestring :=
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3eb16391-40fd-4b5d-af5f-b93b603c5d78 · outbound
Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models write newline
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 56c32fd6-5e3b-410d-ab04-1d9e4f958f98 · inbound
A Dual-Layered Evaluation of Geopolitical and Cultural Bias in LLMs Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.